In my paper I will explore the everyday life in Northern Ireland during the ”Troubles” in McLaverty’s novel, Cal. This narrative ”represents curious hybrid of national romance and thriller genres”.(Cleary 121) The ”Troubles” (ethno-poltical conflict in Northern Ireland) dates back to the late 1960’s and ended in 1998 with Good Friday Agreement. The two main political parties (Unionists and Nationalists) were against each other.. This time was full of discrimination, murders, bombs, roits, intimitation, burnt-out houses, unemployment and discrimination.
The Catholics were discriminated. This discrimination caused huge amount of problems in Catholics lives. Some people professed that they were just against the religion not the people; ”I’ve nothing against the Catholic people. It’s the religion itself I don’t like.” (MacLaverty 69) such as Cyril Dunlop who was an Orangeman. Protestants thought that to kill a Catholic person was not a guilt. They made pushes against Catholics like ”Every day Catholics were being shot dead for no apparent reason, […].” (MacLaverty 80) or ”Men had been castrated before they were killed – one bloke had had his head up between the jaws of a vice and the vice tightened until his skull cracked; and a Catholic butcher was murdered and hung up on a meet hook in his own shop like a side of beef.” (MacLaverty 80) There were some stereotypes such as the Catholics could not be a good man. In McLaverty’s novel, we can read that Cal McCluskey’s father, Shamie, is a good Catholic man but many people think that a Catholic could hardly be a good man.
The Catholics had less work opportunities, they did not get a job easily. If they got, they worked at unpleasant workplaces and they were not very happy to do so like ...
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...nt role in Ireland to represent the evenst from other cities. People could get to know a lot of information about the country. The news always showed day’s affairs such as ”[…] Two hooded bodies had been found on the outskirts of Belfast; bombs had gone off in Strabane and Derry and Newry but no one had been hurt; there was another rise in coal prices; and finally there was the elephant in Belle Vue Zoo that had to have his teeth filed.”(MacLavery 57-58) or other unimportant news.
Life was very difficult and hopeless in Northern Ireland during the ”Troubles”. People, mainly the Catholics, had to learn to live among riots, murders, bomb raid, discrimination and political violence. Many people did things which they did not want to do but they did because they would be punished if they resisted. They did not know when their families were attacked by hostile groups.
Bone, Martyn. "Ireland Historical Summary 18th-19th Centuries ." Our Family History. Martyn Bone , 11 Mar. 2006. Web. 17 May 2010. .
Furthermore, while Baile Beag is a place rich in community and in culture, a sense of threat and danger undercuts this. For, you see, Friel presents us with a society that teeters on a knife-edge; a people that live in constant fear of rural collapse and the horrendous poverty which would inevitably follow. Exacerbating the relentless grip which this fear has on people's lives is the prospect of the collapse of the Irish language at the hands of the national school, and the potential cultural and linguistic erosion as the result of the remapping of Ireland by imperial forces (although it is unlikely that the people of Baile Beag were aware of this erosion until it occurred). Therefore, while Baile Beag may be a relatively intellectual community, it is in no way an idyllic Arcadia.
English persecution of the Irish people is one cause of the tensions in Northern Ireland. Before 1793 Irish Catholics were persecuted by British law. Catholics were not allowed to buy and sell land, get proper education, marry Protestants or vote. This fueled problems in Ireland. After 1793 Britain was afraid, after loosing America, that a revolution would happen in Ireland. So the restrictions on the Irish Catholics were done away with. This however angered the protestants who formed the Orange Order, who was against the Catholics. This all came to a head when in 1798 when a small rebellion broke out.
This gentleman is six foot two, short black hair, black eyes, and with no real distinguishing marks. He is heterosexual, African American, and is An Atheist. His name is David, and he is walking home while wearing sweat pants with a ripped up t-shirt that was from home. Some people would consider this gentleman to be poor and have a horrible education with nothing good on his mind. However David is a part-time firefighter, with a part-time job, and also being part time college student. There is a difference between people hardcore supporting their culture or beliefs, compared to individuals who get stereotyped like David for example. In the article, “Sticks and Stones: The Irish Identity”, by Robert McLaim Wilson and published by Grand Street.
There is particular consideration given to the political climate in this story. It is incorporated with social and ethnic concerns that are prevalent. The story also addresses prejudice and the theme of ethnic stereotyping through his character development. O'Connor does not present a work that is riddled with Irish slurs or ethnic approximations. Instead, he attempts to provide an account that is both informative and accurate.
In my opinion Britain had all the opportunities to help the Irish but were to proud and cared to much about its own economy and the well being of themselves. If i were an official at the time and I knew I could have done more to help I would've carried all of those deaths on my back for the rest of my life! Eventually Ireland rebuilt and is now starting to strive. In this report I learned a lot of things I never knew or would never know throughout my life. It gives you a thankfulness for being in a place were foods always been on the table and a roofs been over my head.
The McCourt family leaves their apartment in Brooklyn to set sail for Ireland, leaving behind an apartment with indoor plumbing and the memory of a dead sister in hopes of finding a better life amongst “the poverty, the shiftless loquacious alcoholic father, the pious defeated mother moaning by the fire, pompous priests, and bullying schoolmasters” of Ireland. This tragic story is told from the point of view of a child, Frank McCourt, whose father is a driftless alcoholic and whose mother does moan by the fire.
In James Joyce’s Dubliners, the theme of escape tends to be a trend when characters are faced with critical decisions. Joyce’s novel presents a bleak and dark view of Ireland; his intentions by writing this novel are to illustrate people’s reasons to flee Ireland. In the stories “Eveline, “Counterparts”, and the “Dead”, characters are faced with autonomous decisions that shape their lives. This forlorn world casts a gloomy shadow over the characters of these stories. These stories are connected by their similar portrayal of Ireland. They clearly represent Joyce’s views on people’s discontent with Ireland.
A collection of short stories published in 1907, Dubliners, by James Joyce, revolves around the everyday lives of ordinary citizens in Dublin, Ireland (Freidrich 166). According to Joyce himself, his intention was to "write a chapter of the moral history of [his] country and [he] chose Dublin for the scene because the city seemed to [b]e the centre of paralysis" (Friedrich 166). True to his goal, each of the fifteen stories are tales of disappointment, darkness, captivity, frustration, and flaw. The book is divided into four sections: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life (Levin 159). The structure of the book shows that gradually, citizens become trapped in Dublin society (Stone 140). The stories portray Joyce's feeling that Dublin is the epitome of paralysis and all of the citizens are victims (Levin 159). Although each story from Dubliners is a unique and separate depiction, they all have similarities with each other. In addition, because the first three stories -- The Sisters, An Encounter, and Araby parallel each other in many ways, they can be seen as a set in and of themselves. The purpose of this essay is to explore one particular similarity in order to prove that the childhood stories can be seen as specific section of Dubliners. By examining the characters of Father Flynn in The Sisters, Father Butler in An Encounter, and Mangan's sister in Araby, I will demonstrate that the idea of being held captive by religion is felt by the protagonist of each story. In this paper, I argue that because religion played such a significant role in the lives of the middle class, it was something that many citizens felt was suffocating and from which it was impossible to get away. Each of the three childhood stories uses religion to keep the protagonist captive. In The Sisters, Father Flynn plays an important role in making the narrator feel like a prisoner. Mr. Cotter's comment that "… a young lad [should] run about and play with young lads of his own age…" suggests that the narrator has spent a great deal of time with the priest. Even in death, the boy can not free himself from the presence of Father Flynn (Stone 169) as is illustrated in the following passage: "But the grey face still followed me. It murmured; and I understood that it desired to confess something.
Ireland in The Coming Times- Essays to Celebrate T.K. Whitaker’s 80 Years edited by F. O’ Muircheartaigh, IPA, Dublin, 1997.
The troubles refer to the age-old disputes over the control of Northern Ireland. Even though the arguments lasted for several centuries, things did not turn extremely violent until the 1960’s (Delaney). Many terrorists entered Northern Ireland during that time. Terrorists who entered the country were said to be okay, and there was nothing wrong with them. Letting the terrorists slip by without stopping them had very deadly consequences. Thousands of people died because of the terrorists invading Northern Ireland. Very few tried to stop the terrorists from coming into Northern Ireland (Graham). Those who did attempt to stop the terrorists were unsuccessful (De Breadun).
The Protestants contradicted the ideals of the Roman Catholic Church and ultimately turned against it during the Reformation. To have a personal relationship with God meant that the Protestants would do anything to have the freedom to exercise their faith in God. In conclusion, the Roman Catholic Church tried to change its rituals after the Protestants left but they did not come back and give the Roman Catholic Church a second chance.
2. The Roman Catholic church did its best to regulate the belief of Catholic Christians from the early church to the Reformation, labeling some beliefs orthodox and some heretical. Discuss at least two examples of instances before 1500 in which the church attempted to control belief and then discuss the career of Martin Luther. Why was Luther able to successfully break with the church when previous dissenters were not? Be sure to support your answer with evidence from our class sources.
This paper will investigate the culture of Ireland by taking a look at the five characteristics. Each characteristic will be allotted its own subsections. The first section will encompass the history to illuminate the connection of a country’s struggle and their learned culture. I will communicate the key aspects that connect an individual culture to the region of the world it inhabits in the second section. In the third section, the language and art of the land are discussed to draw lines to the symbols a culture is founded upon. The fourth section of the essay is dedicated to the characteristic of culture being made up of many components. This is illustrated by the ethnicity/racial, weather, terrain, and military breakdown of the island. The final section is commentary on the dynamic characteristic that interacting cultures learn, develop, and transform due to their shared contact and friction.
McCann et al. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, 1994, 95-109).