The Politics of Turkish National Identity
?Modern Turkish National identity has been shaped by events that have taken place in the region throughout its history. The formation of the national identity can be attributed to two dichotomies of political thought and culture. Some people want to keep in line with Turkey?s modern history as a secular westernized country looking to join the European Union; while others hearken back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and wish to make Turkey a divided Islamic state. Conflict between those who consider themselves Turks and the Kurdish separatist party, a militant rebel force, has long shaped the changing Turkish national Identity. Today, Turkey in many ways has had ?to depart from a strict observance of the guiding principals of [Turkey?s modern history] and the kind of self-perception and views it aimed to instill in the population? (Kushner 232). Although the most westernized of all Middle-East countries, Turkey still must deal with Islamic fundamentalism prominent in the area. In recent history, Turkey has done a poor job balancing the differing desires of the members of its society: some would like to homogenize and westernize society while others want to be recognized as a deeply religious and individual sector of the Turkish population.
MODERN HISTORY?
The country of Turkey, as we know it, has only come about in the last 80 years or so. Before this time, the land of present day Turkey was referred to as Anatolia. Anatolia is considered the bridge that connects the Middle East to Europe. Despite years of occupation by differing nations, the area of present day Turkey has held some consistency and continuity. This continuity is possible because even though many count...
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[i] Often considered as state socialism. In Turkish use, it involves state control of some industries and public services.
[ii] A follower of the larger of the two primary denominations of Islam.
[iii] A member of the smaller of the two great divisions of Islam. The Shia originated in a dispute over who should be the legitimate successor to the Prophet; a majority of early Muslims accepted the tradition of community consensus to choose the leader, but a minority supported the claim of Ali, the Prophet's cousin, to inherit the mantle of leadership (A Country Study).
It is true that Burden inflicted pain on himself, but that does not mean that this pain brought him gratification. Nothing about the documentation of Shoot implies that Burden found any thrill in the act, or any form of satisfaction. Chris Burden had one of his friends shoot him in the arm, but that is all. After being rushed to the emergency room, he went no further than to state the facts of what had happened leaving for what happened that night open for the public to interpret. Despite any artworks he produced afterward, Burden has come to be known as “the artist who shot himself.” Burden’s Shoot may have involved him getting shot, but the title of “artist who shot himself” has far survived the laceration. Therefore, regardless of arranging the attempt, he was n...
The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960, 53 years ago, when “the United States Congress authorized President Eisenhower to cut off the yearly quota of sugar to be imported from Cuba under the Sugar act of 1948… by 95 percent” (Hass 1998, 37). This was done in response to a growing number of anti-American developments during the height of the cold war, including the “expropriation of United States-owned properties on the island… [and] the Soviet Union [agreeing] to purchase sugar from Cuba and to supply Cuba with crude oil” (Hass 1998, 37). Bad sentiments continued to pile up as Cuba imposed restrictions on the United States Embassy and especially when, after the United States “officially broke off diplomatic ties with Cuba, and travel by United States citizens to Cuba was forbidden ... Castro openly proclaimed his revolution to be ‘socialist’” (Hass 1998, 38). The day after this, the Bay of Pigs invasion occurred, but it failed in its job to topple Castro (Hass 1998, 38). Left with no diplomatic options and a failed military attempt, the United States decided that the only way to end Castro’s socialist regime was to sever all ties, and from 1961 to 1996, a series of acts were passed prohibiting the majority of trade and interaction with Cuba. (Hass 1998, 38).
For government budgeting to be effective, the process that guides it must be an evolving one. As the government gets bigger, it will most likely destabilize the existing method. Therefore, it must change to keep pace with the demands and growth of the country. The process must be capable of handling the complexity of our nation and its multifaceted needs so it will always need revisions and restructuring to face these new challenges. Its ultimate goal must be to reinforce the government and strengthen the country.
With an official statement, issued on 7 September 1955, the Menderes government expressed its deepest sorrow for the losses suffered by Greek minority in Istanbul. The Turkish Prime Minister blamed the riots on communists, underlining its commitment to the exemplary punishment of the perpetrators (Xristidis 2000). The interpretation of the pogrom as a conspiracy of international communism was repeated during the extraordinary meeting of the Grand National Assembly, which took place on September 12, 1955. However, under the force of circumstances, Adnan Menderes admitted that the government knew about the demonstration on September 6th, in advance. Also, the Turkish Prime Minister argued that, the riot was a spontaneous expression of national sentiment of the Turkish people who was stimulated by the news about the imminent massacre of Turkish Cypriots on 28 August. Moreover, he stated that the hysteria that gripped the crowd was so strong that immobilized the police forces, which found themselves between their quest to restore order and their commitment to the homeland, thus leaving full freedom of movement to the protesters. The claim of the Turkish government that the country suffered a severe blow because of the Communists was met with scepticism by foreign observers (Guven 2006). First of all, the number of Communists in Turkey was small and secondly, their activities were under the watchful eyes of the Turkish Intelligence Services (MIT). It seems that, only a small percentage of people who were arrested immediately after the episodes were communists. The arrest of those who had communist beliefs, such as the well-known Turkish writer Aziz Nessin, was totally unjustified, since there was no evidence for their participation i...
President Kennedy Flexible response was his approach to increase spending on conventional military forces, enlarged the nuclear arsenal, continue the CIA covert work, giving economic aid to countries to resist communism including the development of the Peace Corps, and the continued negotiations with the USSR.
... has most likely has never actually done any of this. This guide is probably just compiled from the different things he has heard from other people, He has probably heard the things from the people he is trying to impress and be accepted by, possibly his dad, uncle, or other boys in his neighborhood. He may have felt like he had to do these things because he believes everyone else is, that in order to be ‘cool’ you must have sex. Yunior is ashamed of everything that he is. His parents and heritage, his looks and his race. This short story is also suggesting that not only are girls pressured into having sex, but boys are pressed as well. This is why he makes up stories in order to sound experienced, so that he can have something in common with the people he wants to accept him.
Located on the territory of two continents Turkey represents both, Asian and European, cultures. It occupies the area of 783,562 sq. km, which includes water and borders with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Iraq, Iran and Syria. The geographical characteristic of Turkey is the location at the crossings of important roads connecting Europe with Asia and the Black Sea countries to the Mediterranean Sea countries. The water system, including the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, is an important international way that connects the Black Sea to the World Ocean. One of the most beautiful and biggest cities in the world, Istanbul, (formerly Constantinople) is located in the southern part of the Bosporus. Railroads and highway routes throughout the Turkey connect Europe with many other countries.
Islam is one of the three world religions and is relatively young religion that originated in the VII century BC in the west of the Arabian Peninsula. The main tenet of Islam - monotheism: "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed - his prophet”. The word Islam in Arabic means "submission" and Muslim (from the Arabic "muslim") - humble. Islam encourages its supporters to be obedient to God and destiny ordained them (Religion in Turkey, n.d.).
The founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, “pointed to achieving and even going beyond the level of contemporary civilization as the goal of the Turkish nation. In the framework of this ...
Budgetary planning may differ between organizations. Single-period budgets and rolling budgets have methodologies that provide advantages and disadvantages that may make one budget time frame better than another. A single-period may require less time in planning during a fiscal year, but is less accurate than a rolling budget that is continuously planned on a repetitive basis. In either case, budgets are planned in advance in order for a company to operate profitably, and less so to have "actual results equal budgeted results." (p. 496)
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
Social media has a positive impact on the world and is able to allow a better future. It is able to improve communication by making it easier to talk to people via Facebook chatting. Also augments education by making kids use websites that are similar to these social networking sites and giving them a feel of what is right and wrong. Finally it positively impacts the economy, and the fact that these sites are not used just for casual use anymore, but can create job opportunities. All of these reasons tie into the greater message that social media is positive for the world because it creates a better environment, a potential future in which we
Throughout the semester I became a more confident public speaker. The first assignment that we had to do for our education class was to introduce our self. I practiced what I was going to say and how I was going to say it that weekend. However, when I got up to present my mind went completely blank. Throughout the course of the semester I learned what I need to have up with me when I present do that I do not blank on what I wanted to say. In the beginning when I got up to present my heart was racing and my hands were shaking. Now I make sure I breathe and tell myself that I know what I am going to talk about. So I still don’t talking in public but I feel more comfortable doing it. I need to work on being more confident when I have to present a topic. Talking to Mrs. Nealy after my mini lesson I have more confidence when I am talking about a math concept than any other topic. Throughout the semester my writing skills have greatly improved. The thing I need to work on is managing my time better so that I have more time to edit my papers.
Nowadays, social media is growing very rapidly throughout the whole world. Social media has changed the way that we communicate with others through using these common social networking sites like Face book, Twitter, and Instagram…For that, social media has positively and negatively impacted our life.
Some of the ideas that are central to the idea that social media is a benefit to today’s society are that social media encourages increased communication with friends and family, provides fast access to breaking news and other information, and help business attract new business and correspond more quickly with their existing customers. Increased communication is important in all aspects of life. Keeping in touch with family and friends is easier than ever before. Whether it be a Facebook post or a tweet updating friends about exciting news or being able to see a picture...