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About China and Tibet
Tibetan struggle to gain independence
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In contemporary society, before major decisions are made, we are often urged to look back at the pertinent historical information and see if we can use this information to help us make clearer decisions and definitions especially in national and international policies. The real problem with this is that those making decisions often have a personal investment in the decision and are able to skew history and data towards the solution that they prefer. In these cases, it is necessary to look at both sides of the information before reaching a decision, and this is what I have tried to do concerning China’s policies and political viewpoint of Tibet. Through using objective and pro-Chinese documents, as well as outside knowledge of pro-Tibet viewpoints, I have attempted to prove whether or not I feel the Chinese are justified in claiming authority over Tibet, and conversely, whether Tibet is justified in claiming autonomy from China. My conclusion is that neither is justified. Through studying the political histories of the relationship of China and Tibet since the Tang Dynasty, constructed as alternating periods of each state’s dominance over each other in different ways, I believe that neither China nor Tibet is justified in their political opinions over the other and instead they historically have been partners unable to clearly be separate from each other.
In order to properly come to a conclusion on what the actual historical status of Tibet and China is, one must begin with the first real documented political relationship existing between the two states. This period begins with the Tang Dynasty ruling in China (approximately 618 to 908 AD) and a series of powerful tribal chiefs in Tibet, referred to as the “‘Tubo’ in Chinese historical documents” (Yin 201). During this period, the Tubo were a highly powerful group, and for almost three centuries, constant battles erupted between Tibet and China, not clearly defined with borders yet. The Tibetans were still a highly nomadic society and sparsely spread along the high Tibetan plains. As the tribal chiefs began to gain more power, larger groups of people would congregate, and battles broke out when the nomadic Tibetans would either travel into Chinese territory or when the Chinese would infringe upon the Tibetan nomads’ lands. Due to the unclearly defined borders between China and Tibet, many “minor frontier states” existed as a buffer zone between Tibet and China (Norbu 34).
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Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
Espionage has always been a subject that has captured the thoughts and imaginations of many people. The idea of the glamorous life of espionage agents and spies with grand parties, high tech gadgets, and world destroying villains have led to the belief that spies live a life of adventure and almost science fiction. Real agents live far from that life in reality. Many live in constant fear of imprisonment or execution. The facts and fiction of espionage have become distorted overtime.
A precise definition of genocide was instituted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948. It states that genocide occurs when, “one group kills members of another group, causes serious bodily or mental harm, inflicts conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction, prevents births within the group, and forcibly transfers children of the group to another group” (Destexhe, 1). Using this definition as a guideline, it is clear that China has not only committed genocide against Tibet in the past, but is continually doing so in contemporary society.
The National Security Act of 1947 created the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). President Truman’s vision of the CIA was a peacetime intelligence agency that provided early warnings in the event of an attack. After President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, a loophole was found. The National Security Act “instructed the CIA to correlate, evaluate, and disseminate intelligence and to perform ‘other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security’ ” (Weiner 2007). The CIA used this wording of ‘other functions’ to conduct secret operations overseas and to practice cloak and dagger methods in obtaining intelligence. Since its establishment over sixty years ago, the CIA’s implementation of cloak and dagger intelligence gathering has evolved to developing a componen...
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Dr. Ellis, a physician in Duke University’s Medical Center Pediatric Emergency Department, exemplifies excellent listening skills and stresses the importance of communication in healthcare to shadow students. He emphasized, “Your nonverbal communication is important in this field. As you enter a room, introduce yourself and don’t yell; you should treat the patient as if they were your own child or cousin.” Ellis keeps the mood funny and light hearted; as a result, patients trust his judgement. Likewise, Dr. Ellis simplifies all the medical terms –even those words or phrases considered common knowledge such as, IV and ultrasound. Nevertheless, Dr. Ellis is only one of hundreds of thousands of doctors. Even in the midst of Dr. Ellis’ communication awareness, there were several doctors and residents in the Pediatric emergency department that failed to even acknowledge their patients as they entered the hospital
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There are many actions the health professional can take to help increase their patients’ health literacy. Some steps are simple, easy to complete. Other tasks take the cooperation of multiple departments and people, but are just as important to help improve health literacy. The first step to ...
Despite the frequency of verbal interactions, miscommunication of patient information occurs that can lead to patient safety issues. . . . ‘Effective communication occurs when the expertise, skills, and unique perspectives of both nurses and physicians are integrated, resulting in an improvement in the quality of patient care’ (Lindeke & Sieckert, 200...
Employed as a “tool of statecraft” since the Revolutionary days (Daugherty, 2004, p. 1), covert action has long been used as instrument to achieve a number of United States foreign policy objectives. These clandestine activities to influence economic, political, or military conditions in foreign states have been widely regarded as an attractive third option to many Presidential administrations as a cost-effective middle ground measure between diplomacy and overt war. When integrated as but one part of a comprehensive plan, and for specific and achievable objectives, success has often resulted. However, there have been other instances where this tool has been wielded poorly and/or for the wrong reasons, bringing disastrous consequences. Additionally, even outcomes that were initially determined to be successful often had unintended deleterious repercussions later. In spite of this erratic track record and questions of moral ambiguity, covert operations have been utilized by every U.S. President since World War II. Whether undertaken as part of a larger campaign or as a measure of last resort, whether directed at a government or an individual, and whether implemented during peacetime or war, covert operations have been executed to achieve any number of stated, as well as veiled, foreign policy objectives.
Communication plays a vital role in all areas of healthcare, yet its importance is often overlooked. Whether it is a doctor talking to patients about treatment options, or strangers comforting one another in a waiting room, communication is happening everywhere and almost always, we underestimate how important it is and how it truly affects our medical experience. In the movie The Doctor, this is exactly what happens, causing a whirlwind effect of emotions and learning.
The Warring States is the subject and title of Griffith’s third chapter, which gives an enlightening look at the life and times in China after the defeat of the rule of Chin at Ching Yang in 453. (p. 20) The country was divided into eight individual warring sects (with the exception of Yen...