The Political State of Countries
The political state of countries today is always changing and developing into new and hopefully more efficient methods of running a country. In comparing and contrasting the political setup of two countries a good understanding of the different systems is easily seen. The fall of Communism in many parts of the world has triggered countries like Russia to create new political systems and political parties. This also changes the functioning of the economy and the military. Likewise in India, changes are almost seen daily in the ruling of the country. Comparing and contrasting these two countries involves many areas including the political parties, legislative branch and the executive branch. These topics can be compared and contrasted since The Russian Federation and the country of India are alike yet different in many ways. These two countries both have had a difficult time transitioning into a Democratic political system.
In Russia the transition to Democracy was very difficult since this country did not have an established party system and the old system only allowed Communism (Palmer, 344). The major parties to come to light include: Liberal Democratic, Russia's Choice, Yabloko, Communist Party, Women of Russia, Our Home, Agrarian, Party of Russian Unity and the Democratic. The most radical reformers like Russia's Choice want a quick change to capitalism and just want the economic gain. This group could care less about the negatives involved in the rapid changes. The moderate reformers like the Our Home, the Women of Russia Party and the Yabloko also want capitalism, but in a more moderate way. (Palmer, 345) The communist party is also still running and trying to get ba...
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...s this house. (Palmer, 447) According to Palmer the parliamentary procedures regarding passing a bill are very similar to those of Great Britain and get several readings before becoming a law. (Palmer, 447) The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of this Parliament and has almost the same powers of the Lok Sabha except the power to dissolve the government. (Palmer, 448) The Federation of Russia and the country of India have similar Parliaments that provide their country with legislation and have the power to check the president. In Russia the power is held more with the president unlike India's system where the power is with the Prime Minister.
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Palmer, Monte. (1997). Comparative Politics: Political Economy, Political Culture, and Political Independence. Itasca, Illionis: F.E. Peacock Publishers, Inc.
...oved to be singularly influential and daunting. This is, perhaps, the greatest obstacles to achieving true democracy in Russia—the authoritarian and repressive traditions that refuse to die out with the passage of time.
Russia in the 1930s By 1928, Stalin had ousted Trotsky and the rest of the Left opposition. In four years, Stalin had single handedly taken major steps away from Lenin’s collective leadership and free inter-party debate and replaced them with his autocratic dictatorship. Stalin began to secure predominant power over the communist party and the state by destroying passive opposition from the peasantry and former Lenin supporters. He won growing support from the working class, who were impressed with the initial five-year plan. It promised increased industrialization, which would lead to socialism in one country within their lifetime.
The journey to democracy has been strongly driven by electoral systems. These systems provide routes for governments to represent the will of their people. It provides the platform of legitimacy to the government and in most cases ensures freedom and order within a country. This essay will discuss the major differences between a majoritarian electoral system and a proportional electoral system. In addition, it will demonstrate that the use of a majoritarian electoral system in a country would result in a more accountable and representative government.
In What is to be Done by Lenin, he talks about social reform in Russian society. “Social-Democracy must change from a party of the social revolution into a democratic party of social reforms” (Lenin, p. 9). Instead of just merely changing how the government is currently run there must be change to the concept in order to spark a revolution. Lenin adopted this idea from the writing What is Property by Proudhon. According to Lenin, “the Social-Democratic movement is in its very essence an international movement” (p. 26). Lenin understands that in order for there to be a revolution in Russia the entire world may get involved. There are drastic changes that are taking pl...
Garner, R., Ferdinand, P., & Lawson, S. (2009). Introduction to politics. Oxford, England: Oxford UP.
Danziger, James N. Understanding the Political World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science. New Jersey: Pearson, 2013. Print.
Russia is generally apportioned the benefit of having introduced a political phenomenon that basically provided an alternative for capitalism; communism. Since this concept was only set in motion at the turn of the 20th century, we can therefore deduce that, to a large extent, Russia is, to most people, synonymous with leaders such as Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, and Gorbachev. This supposition is entirely based on the premise that the Russian revolution of 1914 inherently altered the socio-cultural and socio-political direction of the nation, bringing into birth a never before envisioned era where Russia was not ruled by the Tsars, but by simple men; men who spoke to and articulated the needs of the masses. To this extent, communism, therefore, is largely misconceived as having been the fulcrum of Russia’s civilization. Much of this misconception , as signaled earlier, is based on the growth and progression of the Russian society in the years after the revolution until 1990, when the Berlin wall fell, essentially bringing down with it decades of Soviet Union tradition based on communism.
Rule of Lenin vs the Tsar The beginning of the 20th century saw a great change in the political structure of the Russia. A country once led under an autocracy leadership. was suddenly changed into a communist state overnight. Dictatorship and communism are at separate ends of the political spectrum. This study so clearly shows both involve the oppression of society and a strict regime in which people are unable to voice their opinions.
A while after my banishment, My family and I moved to Samara, in 1889 and that’s when I expressed my love for communism. I studied to be scholar in Marxism. I studied Friedrich Engel, Georgi Plekhanov and many others’ works. Their writings mesmerised me as it formed my outlook on communism. Communism is a political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production . Forming a communist party, the Bolsheviks in 1903, was the best thing I have done as I destroyed 300 years of Romanov reign. The Romanovs always lived the luxury lives while many of us had to work by working all day, providing food for our families and for even them. I believe that Russia needed a political change, they needed communism. I gave the people what they wanted, which was peace, land and bread in the form of communism. However, many Russians were not content and were against the communist lifestyle, thus they revolted in the Civil
Shapiro, Ian, Rogers M. Smith, and Tarek E. Masoud, eds. Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics. Cambridge ; Cambridge University Press, 2004.
For years, countries have had different legislatures bicameral and unicameral. The features of each legislatures are distinct from one another. It even accounts to various vices and virtues. Both legislatures exist in various countries in the world. The reason to which varies in each place. Legislatures are essential for a society to perform politically well. However, the political structure of every nations varies thus, there exist no simple generalization. The structural arrangements of different legislatures are distinct in relation to their number of chambers available. (Danziger, J. N. (1996))
7th edition. London: Pearson Longman, ed. Garner, R., Ferdinand, P. and Lawson, S. (2009) Introduction to Politics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
In On Democracy, Robert Dahl presents five criteria that states are required to meet in order to satisfy the primary aim of democracy, which is to provide political equality to all of its citizens (1998, 37). The criteria include effective participation, equal voting, enlightened understanding, open agenda setting and inclusion. (Dahl, 1998, 38). Above these criteria, this paper will only focus on effective participation and enlightened understanding to apply them to India; this is because its citizens are going through a tough time with the two criteria to become a state with effective democracy. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate that India is in the process of achieving effective participation, but significantly lacks enlightened understanding.
The Russian democracy came about a half a century down the road. When communism ultimately fell in the Soviet Union, a popular figure under Gorbachev came into power under a fresh, democratic framework. His name was Boris Yeltsin. He put together a new constitution, based on the Constitution of France, that gave many formal powers to the executive branch. It allows for a dual executive; a president and a prime minister. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and is empowered to rule by decree in a state of emergency (Palmer 334). He is also tied into the bureaucracy with the power to nominate and remove other bureaucrats and department heads from office. He nominates a prime minister and must approve the Cabinet.
According to all three professors Seymour Martin Lipset, Juan Linz, Donald Horowitz, they are strongly suggesting their main politically argument based on the concept of presidential and parliamentary system. The stability of presidential system is that two-candidate races in multiparty systems produce coalitions including extremist parties. The balance between branches varies and with fixed term in office comes the risk of ‘vouloir conclure’. The parliamentary system’s stability describes that it has superior historical performance to presidential system. This is especially in societies with political cleavages-multiple parties. The continuity of this party is power and there is duration of coalition.