The Physics Behind the Power of an Engine
Insert the key, turn, and vroom. And down the road you go. Most people take for granted the strange conglomeration of metal and plastic under that sheet of metal either in front or back of their vehicle. The engine as you may have guessed, is modern marvel- so to speak. They’re found in cars, trucks, boats, airplanes…All with various power outputs.
To discuss the power output, first the cycles of the engine itself needs to be mentioned.
1.Intake: The intake valve opens allowing fresh oxygen rich air mixed with fuel to enter the cylinder.
2.Compression: The piston is pushed upward by the flywheel's momentum compressing the air/fuel mix.
3.Combustion: As the piston reaches the top of its stroke or TDC, the spark plug fires, igniting the mixture. Due to the high compression of this mixture it is very volatile and it explodes when the spark is introduced. This pushes the piston downward and produces power.
4.Exhaust: After the Air/Fuel mix has been burnt the remaining chemicals in the cylinder (water and CO2 for the most part) must be removed so that fresh air can be brought in. As the piston goes back up after combustion the exhaust valve opens allowing the exhaust gasses to be released.
Ideally an engine takes in Air (Oxygen and Nitrogen) and fuel (hydrocarbons) and produces CO2, H2O, and the N2 just passes through. However under normal driving conditions an engine will encounter lean conditions when cruising on the highway (better mileage) and rich conditions when accelerating (better power). The lean condition results in oxide and harmful nitrogen production. Rich conditions result in carbon monoxide production. For this reason catalytic converters are used on an engine’s exhaust.
The catalyst material in a cat is in a wire mesh or honeycomb. This allows a high surface area to be exposed to the passing exhaust gasses. The catalyst converts the harmful nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide into nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
Catalytic converters work best when warm, so some car manufacturers are putting "pre cats" in the exhaust manifold to convert the gasses while the exhaust system is still warming up.
Engine output is measured in two ways. The first is a direct measurement of engine output: Torque. Torque is defined as the amount of mass that can be lifted a certain distance from the center of rotation. Torque is what accelerates a car.
This paper has informed you on multiple parts and operations of 7.3 litre injectors. Listing their parts, both internal and external. How the entire system works as one, and how it makes the engine run. Without fuel of some sort the engine would not run. So with this research paper I hope you have learned something.
A.Freewrite: I am going to write about the point of view used in Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues.” In James Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues,” Baldwin does not use Sonny as the narrator but instead uses his brother. I believe Baldwin used the brother as the narrator to give to give readers the idea that Sonny and his brother do not communicate well with each other. While Sonny listens but does not speak, his brother speaks but does not listen. Baldwin uses the brother as the narrator to highlight the idea that Sonny’s addiction to heroin, love of jazz music, and his melancholy are associated to Sonny’s lack of voice as well as control over his own life.
Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin works with the narrator and its younger brother Sonny. The narrator presents life changing moments between both himself and Sonny, although both are related they are both two very distinct individuals. In the beginning of the passage, it started off describing their critical living conditions in Harlem and how people were trapped in the projects while others were able to escape. Although some people were able to escape these living conditions it seemed as though the desperation of trouble would always be with them. The narrator expresses his thoughts on the subject through a complex picture of rage, an express of violent uncontrollable anger reflecting to the audience both external and internal by change, escape, trap, and racism.
Baldwin, James. “Sonny’s Blues.” Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia.12th ed. New York: Pearson, 2013. Print.
Baldwin, James. "Sonny’s Blues." The Story and its Writer: An Introduction to Shorty Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. 8th ed. Bedord / St. Martin's, 2011. 835--839. Print.
In "Sonny's Blues", theme, form, and image blend into perfect harmony and rise to a thundering climax. The story, written in 1957 carries a vital social message for us today. It tells of two black brothers' struggle to understand one another. The older brother, a well-off Harlem algebra teacher, is the unnamed narrator. The younger man is Sonny, a jazz pianist who, when the story opens, has just been arrested for peddling and using heroin. In Sonny's Blues, chronological time is upset yet the author, Baldwin, allows everything to come together in the end. In "Sonny's Blues" the tragedy and suffering can be transformed into an art such as blues music. This can be viewed as a catalyst for change, as the narrator begins to understand not only the music, but also himself and his relationship with Sonny.
Mid 20th century Harlem, it can be a depressing place for African Americans and their communities. In "Sonny's Blues" we learn about how the Narrator and his brother Sonny go through a tough time together in Harlem and how the blues gets them through the pain that occurred in Harlem at this time. Throughout the story there are four reoccurring themes, Suffering, Imprisonment, Redemption, and the blues. The themes play an interesting role into shaping the characters and reveal the authors intentions of the story.
Habjanec, Davor. "Detroit Diesel DD15™ Engine." 22 February 2008. Interesting Energy Facts. Article. 6 May 2014.
James Baldwin, in his short story “Sonny’s Blues”, depicts a turbulent relationship between two brothers. As the narrator and his brother are haunted by personal trauma and addiction respectively, the reader’s sympathy towards them shifts drastically. Baldwin masterfully exemplifies control of this sympathy through the positive and negative characterization of both the narrator and Sonny.
...e fuel and air and then again the sparkplug provides a spark igniting the mixer creating the power stroke sending the piston back down restarting the cycle. This engine has a lot more compression and just takes straight gas and air. With a the oil being completely separated from the gas. This engine was a lot more reliable because it didn’t spin as fast and never got as hot it lasted a lot longer and barely ever need rebuilt. Just maintain like new oil, coolant, and a new spark plug was about all it took to keep these bike running and because they weren’t rebuilt between each race the bike would be no different than the one they had raced in the previous race thus keep the rider more comfortable and more in control of the power of the bike. This lead to faster lap times more safe bikes and in the end a whole new style of racing for the world of Supercross.
Bao Ninh’s novel The Sorrow of War tells a very realistic and explicit story of Kien, a North Vietnamese soldier and writer, during the Vietnam War. Kien manages to survive, usually by luck, through battles and situations in which survival seems futile. When Kien’s entire platoon is killed in battle, he is one of the few to survive. This seems to be a blessing and a curse as Kien had “perhaps watched more killings and seen more corpses than any other contemporary writer” (Ninh, 89).
So what are turbos and superchargers? Both are used to suck in more air than a naturally aspirated car, (one without modifications), to compress air and send it into the combustion chamber, which creates more power. Turbos do this by utilizing the exhaust gasses from an engine to spin a turbine which then pulls in the air through an intercooler to cool the hot exhaust air which is then put back into the engine. A supercharger is mounted on top of the engine, and is coupled with a pulley which is then connected to the crankshaft of the car via a belt. As the car’s crankshaft turns, the screws of the supercharger are spun, which suck in more air at the expense of how fast the crankshaft is going.
First, Red eye accrue due to conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis, which is commonly called pink eye, is an infection or swelling in the eye area. The effect of viruses, bacteria's, and allergies, is pink eye disease. Viral conjunctivitis is contagious, and it is the result of infection from herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), or human immune deficiency virus (HIV). Bacterial conjunctivitis has common causes including taphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, and Chl...
As the piston rises, the pressure forces the poppet valve closed, and the mixture is compressed. Once the piston reaches its peak, the spark plug fires, igniting the compressed fuel causing the fuel to expand driving the piston downward. The exhaust valve opens after the piston reaches its lowest point. As the piston begins to rise, the exhaust fuel is driven out of the chamber. Large four-stroke engines tend to have more than one cylinder and often feature valves, fuel injectors, and turbochargers (Four Stroke
In order to understand how catalytic converters work, one must understand that air and fuel burn in a car’s engine best at a specific ratio. The ratio for gasoline burning vehicles is approximately 14.7 pounds of air to one pound of gasoline. When there is more than 14.7 pounds of air for each pound of gas, the mixture is running lean. When the opposite occurs, meaning less that 14.7 pounds of air for each pound of gas, the mixture is rich.