CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Skyscraper Skycrapers maybe the most recognizable or well known icon of the urban landscape. It is a considered a mixed-use structure providing offices, restaurants, commercial, and residential spaces. Skyscrapers today, or the modern skyscrapers function as small cities with infrastructures. 2.1.2 Mixed-use Mixed-use development is stated as any urban development, or a mono structure development. Usually, mixed-use blends combinations of residential, institutional, industrial, or residential spaces. These functions connects people with each other. Commercial developments nowadays are environmentally benign, and mixed-use can be at an advantage for locating different uses for much closure and space saving. 2.2 Filipino Culture Philippine culture is rich in traditions. Filipino traditions originated way before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines. The Spanish colonization lasted for about more than 300 years. Religion, arts, food, education, and language are in evident. While the English language was influenced by the Americans. The family is the building block of Philippine culture and society. Hospitality is also a well known habit or “ugali” of the Filipinos. 2.3 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS IN TROPICAL SEMI-OPEN SPACES OF HIGH-RISE HOUSING IN SINGAPORE Joo-Hwa Bay, Na Wang, Qian Liang and Ping Kong* Singapore’s public high-rise housing developed rapidly since independence in 1965 to accommodate an astonishing 84% of the population today (HDB, 2004). The remaining 11% live in private high-rise condominiums (URA, 2004). Only 5%, mainly from the more affluent strata of Singapore society, live in so-called “landed properties” such as a detached, a semi-detached or a terr... ... middle of paper ... ... space that meets physiological and psychological needs of people while evoking meaningful and memorable messages of a specific culture (Norberg-Schulz, 2007). Urban designers and architects care about turning spaces into places because cities constitute one of the most significant, direct and constant human experiences of our world. Unlike the high visual arts- painting, dance, music and sculpture- that may appeal to a narrow audience, cities must appeal to the masses since people urban communities have no choice but to experience the city daily. Such an experience profoundly impact us; indeed, some parts of our urban experience make us feel delighted and proud f local culture and identity. However, other parts can frustrate or even depress us (Fleming, 2007). The role of tall buildings in improving placemaking is significant and it deserves rigorous examinations.
The Spanish and English cultures were scarcely similar and notably different because of the interaction with indigenous people and the timing in which the interactions occurred. The Spanish and English were very different in how they interacted with the indigenous people. The Spanish main reason for coming to North America was to spread Catholicism. In the Catholic church if two people were both Catholic then the two people would receive the sacrament of marriage. After marriage the two would create a Catholic of their own. This had created 5 new races of people. The races of humanity was then looked at as social classes. The highest social class was a full white European, then a mestizos, which was a someone who was European and an Indian, followed by Indians, African slaves, and lastly a Zambos,
The history of early colonization and settlement revolves predominately around the British and Spanish colonies. Settlers from these colonies crossed over to America for various reasons and understandings that helped mold America as we know it today. Both the British and the Spanish colonies had historically elaborate, unique cultures. Within both of these colonies, they both had many different advantages and disadvantages that people categorize them for today. Spanish and British settlers both had very different motives and reasons for colonization. The Spanish settlers main purpose was to hunt and collect for gold and silver for immediate profit, as well as to convert natives to the catholic faith and set up assignments and missions. while the Spanish colonies were working on their intention and ideas, the British settlers were thinking about long term opportunities and wanting to settle in the land. Both the Spanish and the British settlements have developed many national trademarks that still remain to this day. Even though both civilizations had many similarities, The British and Spanish colonies did not settle in the same manner because of different beliefs, goals, and lifestyle.
Colonization of the Americas was done by both the Spanish and English in the late 1400s to late 1500s respectively. They had quite a few similarities such as the hardships they encountered in their homelands that embarked them on their journeys to explore and even, in some ways, their rule over the new land had some likeness as well. The differences between them lie in the specifics of their exploration and their relationship with the Indian groups who already inhabited the space they took over. Even though each group had different motives and goals for their expedition, it is evident that both groups had their share of major conflicts with the native peoples and defining characteristics of their societies.
People of Filipino decent have a rich culture that emphasizes tradition and family; as well as allows for a political and sociocultural movement for Filipino immigrants in their new countries. Theme one focuses on the concept of culture and how Filipinos present themselves as a race. Although they reside in the United States, it was rare for most informants to identify themselves as Americans. Rather, they viewed their culture as being morally correct and righteous and American culture as deviant or aberrant. Explicitly, the issue with Filipinos in terms of American culture was their concept of family and the U.S. families’ lac k thereof. They argue that in their culture family is a dominant aspect that preaches assistance and care for one another. Additionally, they disagree with the ideology that American families have in terms they raise their children. Filipinos take care of their children and continue to offer them resources and shelter regardless of their age. Conversely, they believe that American parents lack in care for their children and ultimately get the same from them in return. Filipino culture also emphasizes gender roles and restrictions, particularly female gender. Females are expected to take on the role of the
She also introducing new urban building standards. This this article she talks about, the idea some people have of tearing it down and rebuilding. She also talks about ideas people have about some parts of towns. In Boston, she talks about the area of North End, and the change that it was over gone. During her second visit to this area, she discovered that it had changed. She talked to other about it, although the statistic were higher than the city, the people still saw it as a slum. They felt that they needed to tear it down in order to build something better. This leads to the conclusion that the urban planners to do understand that the people of the city need. They have ideas that were developed years ago that they are still using. These ideas do not take account what the people want. The author also introducing new ideas of a perfect city to live in and what it would look like. The idea of a garden city was introduced. This city would be built around a park. Although the new ideas sounded great they could not be put into place today. The idea of a Garden City is something that sounds nice, but it is not possible in society today. Today a city should reflect economic status, and in order to achieve this the city should be big, and convey an image of power. A city that has aspects of nature in it would not convey that image. That upkeep of a city of that kind would also be difficult. The do understand the author's point of view. The planners often times do not take into account the desires of the people. The town that I grow up in want to become more urbanized. In order to do this, they are building a large shopping center. This shopping center is located in the canyon rim. This canyon rim has been important the people for many years. We come to the area to walk, what bass jumpers, and enjoy the scenic views. This new shopping center took away this area. Many of the people
The Filipino American culture is prevalent in the United States as it’s the second largest cultural minority. Discussed in this section are immigration, family structure including roles of men & women, and religious factors impacting the lifestyles of Filipino Americans. Bautista (2014) states “Many Filipino Americans may look Asian American; however, their views on culture and traditions are not the same, insofar as influences derive mostly from Spain and the United States” (p.20).
Growing up in the Bay Area next to San Francisco ha slead me to become fascinated by the complexity of the cities of the world and how they affect so many people. I love the idea that these cities were all planned and thought up of by individuals working together for a larger goal. The planning of cities affects all its inhabitants in ways that they probably do not even realize which makes these plans and the planning process even more compelling. I am also interested in what makes cities unique. Cities are all made up of roughly the same things: blocks, big buildings, parks, cars, and people. Even though the basic elements of cities are the same they all still have there own unique character. I think one of the most distinguishing factors of cities is how they were designed to accommodate certain needs of their inhabitants outside of where they live or work. Cities can easily be overwhelming or a harsh place to live, which is why certain areas need to be set aside to offer some kind of escape. In addition to being a place to withdraw, parks and recreational areas can be a distinguishing characteristic of a city. In San Francisco, the Golden Gate Park, Union square, the Presidio, the wharfs and many other areas set it apart from all of the other cities of the United States and the world. How the planners of San Francisco thought about the areas that the inhabitants needed outside of work and home helps give it its individuality as a major city. Just like how someone must plan all cities, people planned all the parks and recreational areas of cities that have such a widespread effect. By looking at Fredrick Law Olmsted and the Urban Design and Social Context approach he represents, one can learn more about landscape architecture in...
The colonization of the Spaniards occurred earlier and more rapidly than that of the United States. In less than sixty years, the Spaniards already had several
The author explains architecture as an identification of place. Architecture starts with establishing a place. We define ‘place’ as a layout of architectural elements that seem to accommodate, or offer the possibility of accommodation to, a person, an activity, a mood, etc. We identify a sofa as a place to sit and relax, and a kitchen as a place to cook food. Architecture is about identifying and organizing ‘places’ for human use.
The Filipinos lived in settlements called barangays before the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. As the unit of government, a barangay consisted from 30 to 100 families. It was headed by a datu and was independent from the other groups. Usually, several barangays settled near each other to help one another in case of war or any emergency. The position of datu was passed on by the holder of the position to the eldest son or, if none, the eldest daughter. However, later, any member of the barangay could be chieftain, based on his talent and ability. He had the usual responsibilities of leading and protecting the members of his barangay. In turn, they had to pay tribute to the datu, help him till the land, and help him fight for the barangay in case of war. There were four classes of society.
Madanipour uses two words that are fundamental in this conversation: city and future. It is therefore important that urban design is concerned not only with the present but also with a long term thinking about cities: the future that is open-ended, even though not infinitely malleable (Friedmann, 2000).
... architectures would led to a more organic organization beneficial to the people that choose to make their lives in this city. Although this model of a sustainable city is not a perfectly closed loop, it lays the foundation for one that is. Over time, with constantly evolving and improving technology and new methods of design from the scale of products to buildings, the gaps in the loop could be closed, and a “true” sustainable city could be fully realized.
Ever since I was a young boy, I have always wondered about my heritage. I wondered why so many words in Tagalog were the same in Spanish. The mystery of my heritage drew me spurred me to try to learn more. I have always wondered where this country, “Philippines”, came from because the Philippines is so diverse with different people having different customs from others. Then in one of my social studies classes, our teacher taught us about the Philippine Revolution. I learned about how Spain had conquered Philippines for hundreds of years and the Filipino natives were growing tired of their oppressive rule. I only learned a little because it was such a short section. It was at this time that I knew I wanted to learn ...
Up until the mid 1500s, the islands of the Philippines maintained autonomy. Before the conquering of the Philippines by the Spanish, the Philippines had its own form of rule. During the pre-colonial Philippines, barangays were located throughout the country (Rodell 17). These were essentially small groupings of settlements all throughout the Philippines. Each barangay was headed by a leader referred to as a datu. The barangays often remained constrained to itself, although they made allies with other barangays and this decision was often based off of the relations of the parents of the previous barangay leaders (Rodell 28). Thi...
The Philippine islands are located in Southeastern Asia, between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. The country is made up of about 7000 islands, only 2000 of those islands are inhabited. The population of the country includes about 84,619,974 people. The people of this country are all very close to their families. They work together to make the income that their family needs to survive. Sometimes th...