During chapter 5, I learned that sensation is used in our everyday lives. Sensation is when a person grasps certain energy from their surroundings and interprets it as neural signs and signals. The way people interpret these signs is the process called perception. There are different processes in which we encode these signals such as bottom up processing and top down processing. The difference between these two possesses is that the bottom up processing begins at the entry level and the top down processing is when people draw sensations from the bottom-up brain and in addition their previous experiences and what they think will eventually occur
Analyzing sensation is more complex than one thinks. For example there are a lot of factors psychophysics must analyze such as thresholds. Psychophysics is those individuals who are entitled to study how energy affects an individual’s psychological past experiences. One significant factor is an absolute threshold. An absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation required to perceive specific factors such as our five sensory motions that are the sound, pressure, taste, smell, and eye vision. Through this threshold many different individuals hold different perceptions about those factors.
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The difference threshold which is also referred to as the “just noticeable difference or jnd” is the minimum amount required to differentiate the perception between absolutely any two stimuli. An example of this threshold is when a person can detect when someone adds a small amount of weight to a much greater weight. In further detail it can be when someone adds 20 grams to a 200 gram weight. On the other hand if someone were to add 20 grams to a 2 kilogram weight a person would not notice the difference and the reason for that is because the difference threshold has
Merleau-Ponty distinguishes three aspects of the psychological process; basic sensations, perception, and the associations of memory (Merleau-Ponty, 1994). Basic sensations receive raw information from the world and transduce them for our perceptual processes. Perception unifies the infinite amount of information about our environment, from our environment, into a meaningful structure. Perception is interpretive, but its presentation of the world is as distal and objective. There are three central features of perception for Merleau-Ponty. First, perception is synthesized independently by the body and not by the mind (consciousness).
The first, which he refers to as the “weak view” (5), is that we simply perceive with different sense modalities (e.g. touch, taste, vision, etc.). But, this view appears inadequate in the face of physiological and experiential evidence. O’Callaghan points out that neurological pathways activate in unison, and that our perception appears to us as one continuous experience, rather than subdivided into individual experiences of each different sense. (6) O’Callaghan admits that the senses often outwardly appear to be unimodal, experience does not seem broken up into different senses but appears continuous. He then goes on to support this claim with evidence from psychological
During the nineteenth century, Ernst Heinrich Weber and his student Fechner developed a theory on human perception (http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/51/M0020351.htm). The law states that for a difference to be perceived, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (Meyers, 1999). They went further to say that there was a just noticeable difference when comparing two stimuli. The just noticeable difference is the minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli fifty percent of the time (Meyers. 1999). Although their theory is necessary to study, most people now use Steven's law (http://www.medfak.uu.se/fysiologi/Lectures/WebFech.html). Our experiment sought to see if weight detection of pennies conforms to Weber's law. We wanted to replicate a situation in our classroom using weights to determine the just noticeable difference (jnd). According to the above theory, the jnd in the heavier weight will be significantly higher.
Place and Smart believe the effect of such exposure will change physical states. The change in physical states is what we are reporting on when we talk about sensation states. The thing we refer to when describing our sensation states is identical to the thing we refer to when talking about types of brain processes. Though we describe the same object with different modes of presentation (introspective and Scientific) the thing(s) we are referring to are really one and the same. The same component is being referred to when talking about a type of brain process or the sensation state. This thesis claims that “in so far as a sensation statement is a report of something, that something is in f...
involves all of the five senses, the way we perceive them. Perception is not restricted to
Perception plays a huge role in someone’s life. “When a distinction is made between sensation and perception, sensation is frequently identified as involving simple “elementary” processes that occur right at the beginning of a sensory system, as when light stimulates receptors in the eye. In contrast, perception is identified with complicated processes that involves higher-order mechanisms such as understanding and memory that involve activity in the brain” (Goldstein, 1980, p. 7). It is simply the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the five senses. Perception aids us to navigate through the world, avoid danger, make decisions, and prepare for action.
Our five senses –sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch help the ways in which we perceive the world around us. And while they seem to work independently at time they can effect each other and the way we comprehend something. Seeing something pretty, touching something soft, eating something cold and smelling something rotten are the sense we use to connect with the world around us and will all effect how we move forward in that situation. When you look at the top picture say the color of the word not the word itself. It is harder than it seems and takes a little practice to do it efficiently. It is because we see the spelling we were taught not the color it was written in. It is hard to process it the other way, but not impossible. Take the bottom picture for another example is this a
For example, he argues, that the experience of temperature can be understood with the analogy of the experience of pain, and just as the pain is not 'in the needle', so the warmth I feel is not in the fire. (2) He then argues in a similar vein that visual experience is reducible to collections of colour sensations because light passes into the eye ball and strikes the retina, in much the same way that a sharp object striking the skin produces a sensation of pain, such as a sensation of blue or red. (3) The sensation being the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the world on the sense organs and is as distinct from the world as photographic images are from the objects which cause them.
(2012). Perception, conscious and unconscious processes. In F. G. Barth, P. Giampieri-Deutsch & H. Klein (Eds.), Sensory perception: Mind and matter; sensory perception: Mind and matter (pp. 245-264, Chapter xi, 404 Pages) Springer Science + Business Media/SpringerWienNewYork, Vienna. Retrieved from http://vortex3.uco.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.vortex3.uco.edu/docview/1037892527?accountid=14516
D. W. Hamlyn - author. Publisher: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Place of Publication: Sensation and Perception: A History of the Philosophy of Perception. Contributors: London. Publication Year: 1961. Page Number: iii.
Sensation refers to the process of sensing what is around us in our environment by using our five senses, which are touching, smell, taste, sound and sight. Sensation occurs when one or more of the various sense organs received a stimulus. By receiving the stimulus, it will cause a mental or physical response. It starts in the sensory receptor, which are specialized cells that convert the stimulus to an electric impulse which makes it ready for the brain to use this information and this is the passive process. After this process, the perception comes into play of the active process. Perception is the process that selects the information, organize it and interpret that information.
Perception at most times is a credible way to assess the world around us. Without perception, we would not know what to do with all the incoming information from our environment. Perception is constructed of our senses and the unconscious interpretations of those sensations. Our senses bring in information from our environment, and our brain interprets what those sensations mean. The five most commonly accepted senses -- taste, smell, hearing, sight, and touch -- all help create the world around us as we know it. One philosophical school of thought called “common sense realism” or direct realism argues that perception is a passive and relatively straightforward process which gives us an accurate picture of reality, and that to deal with practical demands of everyday life, our senses must be generally reliable, or we would probably not have survived as a species (vdL 87). We gain knowledge from our perceptions every moment we are conscious. Whenever I walk outside in the morning, and I feel a chill on my face, I gain the knowledge that it is cold outside. Sometimes I do not even have to walk outside to tell if it is cold or not. Somedays I can look out the window and see
An experience from everyday life that helps to work out perception and sensation is a football game. A ball could be kicked towards the goals. Two people will see the same ball going in the same direction at the same time yet one could say that the ball was a goal and the other could say that the ball went in through the goals for a point.
The five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell are all sensations throughout the human body. Sensation is the involvement of sensory receptors as well as the central nervous system in order to allow us to experience outside stimuli. The system that allows us to experience sensation is the sensory system.
Each of the five senses operates as a communicator between the external environment and the internal receptors. This communication reflects a cause and effect approach; the information an individual perceives from their senses, causes a distinctive bodily response. Without the persistence of recognizing the external changes, in the environment, life would not prosper. Imagine waking up incapable of sight, smell, taste, hear, or touch. While missing one sense, produced a heightened sensation in the other four, missing more than one sense diminished life quality. As the book clarified, senses reflect a window to the environment and a thermostat to internal needs. It remains imperative to understand how the senses not only communicate with external changes, but also with internal needs. Without the capability to physically observe internal needs, a mechanism is needed to communicate its