The present experimental study used a 2 x 2 between groups design to examine the effects of facial hair (beard or no beard) and participant gender on the perceived trustworthiness of a male face as seen in a candidate profile. Participants (N = 100) assessed either the candidate profile that showed a photograph of a bearded candidate or the candidate profile that showed a photograph of a clean shaven candidate. The information in both candidate profiles was kept constant except for the independent variable (facial hair). The profiles included a job description, the name of the candidate, education level, and work experience. After reading the profile, participants answered a seven-item questionnaire that measured their judgments of the candidate. Also, the questionnaire measured if gender would play a role in their perceptions of the candidate. Results showed a main effect of hair for items relating to trustworthy (trust, good, mature, would follow directions). On the other hand, there was no main effect of sex or significant interactions between hair and sex.
THE PERCEIVE TRUSTWORTHINESS OF MALES WITH FACIAL HAIR
According to Guido, Peluso, and Moffa (2011) facial hair is a secondary facial feature; which can play a role when making judgments about others (Reed & Blunk, 1990). In light of this, pass and recent studies have been conducted to investigate this process.
In a recent study, different stages of male facial hair growth were used to assess the judgments of female and male participants (Dixson & Brooks, 2013). Dixson and Brooks selected and photographed four stages of facial hair growth: clean shaven, light stubble (five days/not shaved), heavy stubble (ten days/not shaved) and full beard (6 weeks/not shaved). Th...
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...ology, 23(3), 481-490. doi:10.1093/beheco/arr214
Guido, G., Peluso, A. M., & Moffa, V. (2011). Beardedness in advertising: effects on endorsers' credibility and purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Communications, 17(1), 37-49. doi:10.1080/13527260903157383
Hellström, Å., & Tekle, J. (1994). Person perception through facial photographs: effects of glasses, hair, and beard on judgments of occupation and personal qualities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24(6), 693-705. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420240606
Reed, J., & Blunk, E. M. (1990). The influence of facial hair on impression formation. Social Behavior and Personality, 18(1), 169-175. doi:10.2224/sbp.1990.18.1.169
Wogalter, M. S., & Hosie, J. A. (1991). Effects of cranial and facial hair on perceptions of age and person. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131(4), 589-591. doi:10.1080/00224545.1991.9713892
Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Coats, G. “The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes: A meta-analysis of experimental studies”. Personnel Psychology, 56 (2003): 431-462.
Prior to the Victorian era, men in England maintained cleanly shaven faces. With the mid-eighteen hundreds came a widespread shift toward facial hair in a multitude of styles (Camellia). The ability to grow whiskers began to be regarded as a sign of manhood. In pictures and photographs from the era, it is rare to find a male, past the age of manhood, depicted without facial hair in some capacity. As the century continued, the preferred style of facial hair grew progressively longer, bushier, and more pronounced (Nunn), but it remained “stylish for men to wear facial hair of all sizes and descriptions” (Camellia).
on a scale from 1 to 3, the importance men gave to good looks rose from 1.50 to 2.11. But for women, the importance of good looks in men rose from 0.94 to 1.67. In other words, women in 1989 considered a man look’s more important than men considered women’s looks 50 years earlier
The beard, as a cultural way to distinguish men, is based on the biological phenomenon that males begin to grow hair on their faces during puberty. Despite seemingly being an easy way to separate men from women and children, the presence of a beard is not an all or none situation. A pubescent male will not go to bed bare-cheeked and wake up the next morning with a full beard. Puberty is a gradual process occurring over many years, and some men may never grow a completely full beard, even in maturity. As today, some women of ancient Athens must have themselves been quite hairy around the hair line, jaw, and upper lip. The beard is not as clear a man/boy or man/woman differentiation as it may initially seem. The beard is not a completely clear physical or biological trait, but it was clearly a significant characteristic for the ancient Athenians.
18) Heckert, Best (1997); Weir, Fine- Davis (1989) the reason why participants perceived red hairs as aggressive was welded from the temperamental red hair stereotype. As cited in Beddow, Hymes and McAuslan (2011, p. 18) in a similar way as to lots of stereotypes which are about unfavourable sides related to having a red hair according to Heckert and Best (1997) are the reason why they found under achiever in dating ambiance. As cited in Takeda, Helms and Romanova (2006, p. 91) according to “likes and dislike” study done by Feinman and Gill (1978) about physical characteristics, in excess of 80% do not like the red hairs. As cited in Takeda, Helms and Romanova (2006, p. 91) Clayson and Maughan (1986) instead of women who have a red hair were perceived like they are unpleasant except that they are qualified, unappealing and failure were associated with men with red hair. As cited in Takeda, Helms and Romanova (2006, p. 91) stereotyping the red hairs might be welded from the less frequentness of this hair colour which was extrapolated by Clayson and Maughann
Each sex is treated differently for a naturally occurring body process. As discussed, body hair is viewed as masculine, leading to the assumption that women should be hairless and men should wear their body hair with pride. It is clear that society uses hair to label individuals as either male or female (Toerien and Wilkinson, 2003). In addition, male hair is associated with strength and power (Toerien and Wilkinson, 2003). So how come when women display body hair they are shamed, but men are encouraged to grow it? Hope (1982) elaborates that the term, “feminine, when applied to lack of body hair, implies a child-like status, as opposed to the adult status afforded men” (as cited in Toerien and Wilkinson, 2003). That being said, body hair is another way in which society ranks men as the superior gender by making women conform to the hairless normative. A study conducted by Tiggemann and Hodgson (2008), asked women why they practice hair removal. After completing a questionnaire with different statements to evaluate different factors such as normativity, sexual attractiveness, femininity and self-enhancement, they found significant support in all four types of factors for hair removal of the underarm, leg and pubic area. Additionally, they can found that one item pertaining to males preferring a hairless body, was the only one linked to two factors: normativity and sexual attractiveness. It is evident with their findings that women tend to follow the socially constructed normative for many reason, including to please men. The idea is that women have to change their bodies not only to be accepted by society, but they also do so to be accepted by men. Nonetheless, the must make is seem natural and effortless to uphold the beauty allure. In recent years, depletion of male body hair has become popular. In a study performed by Boroughs, et al. (2005), they found that men removed
First impressions are created by a composite of signals given off by a new experience (Flora, 2004). The judgment of these impressions depends on the observer and the person being observed (Flora, 2004). When you meet someone for the first time it takes about three seconds to be evaluated by the observer (Mind Tools, 1996-2011,). During this time the person forms an opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language, your demeanor, and how you dress (Mind Tools, 2996-2011,). Impressions are important to us because they are impossible to be reserved and the set the tone for all the relationships that follow (Mind Tools, 1996-2011).
Taking all this information into consideration, the present study sought to investigate the effects occupational stereotypes have on forming impressions and personality judgements. The aim of the study was to see how different groups of participant rated a photograph of an unknown individual on things such as likability, wealth, education and status. This was done by using three separate groups, the same face was used on each image but the job title was changed for each test group.
Any communication interaction involves two major components in terms of how people are perceived: verbal, or what words are spoken and nonverbal, the cues such as facial expressions, posture, verbal intonations, and other body gestures. Many people believe it is their words that convey the primary messages but it is really their nonverbal cues. The hypothesis for this research paper was: facial expressions directly impact how a person is perceived. A brief literature search confirmed this hypothesis.
Dion, Berscheid, and Walster’s (1972) summarized a conclusion from physical attractiveness studies: “What is beautiful is good.” This conclusion has been widely cited. Many researches support this conclusion and demonstrate that physical attractiveness can help people get more positive social outcomes in social interaction. Physical attractiveness has positive correlation with happiness, finding love and being successful in work. People tend to desire to build and maintain a close social relationship with people who is physical attractiveness (Lemay Jr, E. P., Clark, M. S., & Greenberg, A. ,2010). Attractive people have more friends, more dates (Feingold, 1992) and they are more persuasive than people who are not attractive because they have characteristics that can let them get more effective communications (Chaiken, S. ,1979). Physical attractiveness can bring positive outcomes to a person in finding job and work such as making more money (Roszell, Kennedy, & Grabb, 1989). Compare to unattractive people, good-looking people was evaluated more positively and was being hired much easily (Bardack, N. R., & McAndrew, F. T. ,1985). When job application was mediocre, physically attractive people in experimental group was being weighted much heavily than control group which applications have no photograph (Watkins, L. M., & Johnston, L. ,2000). For salary, beautiful people can earn more money than average look people and average look people earn more than plain people. In addition, unattractiveness women are less likely to participate in the labor force and compared to attractive people, they are more likely to married with men who is in low human capital (Hamermesh, D. S., & Biddle, J. E.,
Peters, Sandy, and Thomas Peters. "How Important are Good Looks?" TOPICS Online Magazine. Mar. 2001. 13 Nov. 2001. http://www.rice.edu/projects/topics/Electronic/Magazilie.html.
Taylor, Pepau, & Sears (2000) explain that first impressions are extremely important because they are the initial idea that an individual forms about another individual and determine whether they decide to pursue any type of relationship. People tend to form impressions of each other relatively quickly and use minimal information such as the gender of the o...
This essay elaborates on the importance of physical appearance of an individual as a criterion for personal development and success in a career.
Appearance Orientation. The Appearance Orientation Scale consists of twelve items that measure the importance an individual place on how they look, attention payed to appearance, and grooming behaviors. Raters indicate level of disagreement-agreement on a 1 to 5 Likert Scale 1(definitely disagree) 2 (mostly disagree) 3(neither agree nor disagree) 4 (mostly agree) 5 (definitely agree). Example questions include “I check my appearance in the mirror whenever I can” and “it is important that I always look good.” The subscale demonstrates high levels of internal consistency for males (Cronbach’s α = .88) and females (Cronbach’s α = .85). Items additionally display high levels of test-retest reliability for males (.89 across 1 month) and females
In a few seconds in the morning, take a moment to shave or trim around the facial hair you are growing and showing off even the stubble! It is noticeable when there are different levels of hair growth on the face, and it is a strange sight.Hair grows at different rates, so if you are cultivating a nice beard or facial hairstyle, it makes all the difference in the world to shave the edges to make the transition from hair to smooth skin, nice and crisp. This uniform look that only takes a few seconds will make you look put-together, in control and help show off your best during job interviews, dating, socializing, and will boost your self-confidence. It's like wearing a tuxedo when dressed or cleaned up nice, you stand straighter, look bold, and feel