The Pathogenesis of Down’s Syndrome
Down’s syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of mental retardation in the United States. It occurs with a frequency of one in 700 live births. The disease is caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 as a result of chromosomal mutation (95% nondisjunction, 5% translocation) during cell division, leading to a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the normal number, 46. There are no individuals with the clinical signs of DS who do not have at least partial trisomy of chromosome 21. Conversely, there are no cases of people with trisomy 21 who do not have DS (Patterson, 1987). Patients suffer from a variety of physical and mental problems. Physically, the disease manifests itself in epicanthic folds of the eyes, flattened facial features, unusual palm creases, muscular flaccidity and short stature (Patterson, 1987). Many are born with congenital heart defects and increased risk for cataracts, leukemia and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to the anatomical abnormalities, DS patients suffer from biochemical imbalances including elevated levels of purines - a condition that can by itself lead to neurological impairment, mental retardation, and immunodeficiencies. The life expectancy for DS patients is approximately 30 years. However, with advancing medical care and therapy more patients are living to the age of 50. All individuals with DS over the age of 35 develop the same kind of abnormal microscopic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain as people who die from Alzheimer’s disease, the major cause of presenile dementia. Although a vast amount of literature exists on DS, little is known about why the presence of an extra chromosome causes mental retardation. In addition to ...
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Neurodegeneration is used mainly for diseases that are characterised by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that...
The Holocaust started in 1939. In that time period the Germans and the Allied Forces were in war. When they were in war the Germans took all Jews (except the ones in hiding) to multiple concentration camps and death camps. When they were sent to concentration camps they were ordered to take off all their jewelry, gold teeth and clothes. They were provided with stripped pajamas with numbers on them so they can be recognized by their number and not by their names. They were also tattooed on their left forearm with the same number that was on their stripped pajamas. Everybody’s head had to get shaved BALD. After everybody got to get concentration camps they were forced to go into the hard labor imme...
The Ghetto’s Fighter House Institution is located outside of Akko, Israel. This institution includes Jewish artworks, photographs, and writin...
Walton, Sir John. Brain’s Diseases of the Nervous System. 9th ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford: 1985.
During the time there was a group of people thought of as “outcasts” for a reason that was given by Germanys dictator. These people were known as the Jewish. They had beliefs and ways of life that they enjoyed. The population in Germany that weren’t Jewish thought of their ways as unacceptable. They beat them tortured them, destroyed family stores, discriminated them, gave them labels, they also gave them things that weren’t supposed to be given. Between 1939-1945 the Jews were sent to concentrati...
January 30th 1933 was just the beginning of a long journey for many people from the cause of an ethnic conflict. This particular conflict known as the Holocaust was between two groups, the Nazis and the Jews. Jewish councils fought to protect the population; the Nazis killed the president of the Jewish council for not giving up a list of names. The Holocaust started off in Germany, but later spread all across Eastern Europe. There are different causes, goals, and steps taken from both sides in this conflict where many people were killed for being of a particular group.
The Holocaust was the persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime. The total amount of people murdered during this time was 11 million, with six million of those being Jews. Not only were adults murdered but approximately 1.5 million children were murdered as well. The destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities also occurred during this time. The word “Holocaust” comes from the Greek origin meaning, “sacrifice by fire”. Another word for this mass murder of six million Jews is “Shoah”. “Shoah” means devastation, ruin, or waste. The Nazis who led this persecution came to power in Germany in January of 1933. The Nazis saw the Jews as evil or cowardly and saw the Germans as hardworking, honest, and courageous. The Germans were destined to rule and the Jews were doomed to extinction. Not only were the Jews a target but Gypsies, the disabled, and some of the Slavic people were as well. The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and it ended in 1945 when the Allies defeated the Nazis.
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.
The Jews were usually picked up from their home and put on a train and the Nazis or messengers would not tell the Jews where they going. The Nazis would most likely tell them they’re being sent somewhere because they needed to leave the town. Jews would travel in packed trains so that they would head off to the ghettos in a train. Usually the Nazis would leave the ashes of the Jews in a small colored container one the train tracks so the Jews ...
The Holocaust is the history of continuing mourning and dismay. It seemed to be no ignition of concern or sympathy to lighten up this dreadful history. The Holocaust was the extermination of six million Jews and millions of other people that fell into the “undesirable” category, including blacks, gypsies, and homosexuals, by the Nazi Party during World War II. By 1945, two out of every three Jews were killed: 1.5 million children were murdered. Holocaust survivor, Abel Herzberg said,” There were not six million Jews murdered; there was one murder, six million times.”
The Holocaust was the murder and persecution of approximately 6 million Jews and many others by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. The Nazis came to power in Germany in January of 1933. The Nazis thought that the “inferior” Jews were a threat to the “racially superior” German racial community. The death camps were operated from 1941 to 1945, and many people lost their lives or were forced to work in concentration camps during these years. The story leading up to the Holocaust, how the terrible event affected people’s lives, and how it came to and end are all topics that make this historic event worth learning about.
The Holocaust is a subject familiar to most people around the world. They either learned about it in school or on TV. The word “Holocaust” comes from the Greek words “holos” and “kaustos. “Holos” which means whole and the word “kaustos” meaning burned. Originally it is historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar. Throughout history the word has taken a whole different meaning. The modern definition of the word means the mass murder of some 6 million European Jews and other groups by the German Nazi “regime” during World War ll (History, 2016). The Holocaust was one of the darkest times for both Germany and the Jews who were targeted because Hitler believed that they didn’t meet his standards that would compromise
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...each. This place offers many different activities such as fishing, boating, swimming, and relaxing. Although these things can be done in most of the United States, there is nothing like the Florida sun beating down on ones brow while the warm wind whips through their hair. Families have the opportunities to do whatever they desire regardless of age. Shell Island is a place for families to interact and have fun with each other while taking a break from worldly things. Shipwreck Island is a water park that is full of excitement and thrill. Another activity would be to go to Pier Park to shop and to eat dinner at some very popular restraints. All of these things contribute to the reason of why vacationing at Panama City Beach is perfect for myself. Nevertheless both of these wonderful vacation spots would be perfect for anyone interested in an unforgettable experience.