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The disadvantages of the partition of india
Partition Of India Research Paper
Partition Of India Research Paper
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The theory that Hindus and Muslims of the Indian subcontinent constituted two distinct nations and therefore needed separate states to pursue their respective destinies has proved to be wrong; supporting the view that ‘they (India and Pakistan) will bitterly regret the decision they are about to make’. 1 The problem with the ‘two-nation theory’ was that it treated the people of south Asia as two homogenous groups of Hindus and Muslims, making no allowances for the vast cultural, ethnic and linguistic differences that contribute to the colourful and vibrant mosaic that is the subcontinent. This theory sought to bind a Muslim in Karachi with one in Kolkata, and a Hindu in Lahore with one in Lucknow. The reality is very different. A Muslim Bengali had far more in common with a Hindu from Kolkata than a Punjabi Muslim, while a Pushtun from Durra is closer culturally and ethnically to his cousin in Jalalabad in Afganistan than he is to a Muslim in Chittagaon. The very real differences were glossed over by the over simplification on which the two-nation theory is based. ‘Leaving behind scores of thousands of dead and dying sacrificial offerings to freedom,’ 2 millions of Muslims and Hindus migrated in both directions in 1947. Millions of others choose to stay where they were, unable to leave whatever they have collected, ‘bit by bit through their own efforts.’3 The fact that even after partition India continued to have a significant Muslim population, weakened the concept on which Pakistan had been created. The creation of Pakistan has created a permanent problem for India. ‘Partition would not solve the communal problem but would make it a permanent feature of country.’4 The questionable premise was further eroded by the separation of East Pakistan in 1971, creating third state in the subcontinent, each with roughly 150 million Muslims. Detractors of
The Transformation of the “Indian Problem”. In this paper, I plan to examine the marked transformation and the history of the so-called “Indian Problem.” The idea of an “Indian Problem” began with the arrival of white settlers in North America, and for them, it was a problem of safety, security, and land acquisition. Around 1890, the “Indian Problem” became an issue of how to help the Indians go extinct humanely, or to assimilate into white culture.
“The contact of two races so dissimlar in character, in culture, and institutions, as the English and the Indian, raises the problem of the contact of cultures in its most acute forms” (Spear, 22). The problem in India was complicated by numerous factors. The strangeness of the environment, the differences in the national character of the two groups and the differences in the social and political institutions, were the few that played an im...
The partition of India left the subcontinent divided and devastated. Homes were dislocated as boundaries between the two countries were drawn. Scores of people were uprooted they had to leave behind all their material possessions and move on to be relocated. A couple of decades passed before the subcontinent could accept the reality of the two countries-one of them in two parts and separated by more than two thousand miles. From the late sixties differences between East and West Pakistan got aggravated and the burning cauldron finally exploded in 1971.
The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
…….…, “Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide and the Blurring of National Boundaries”. Conference issue of South Asian Review 25.3; 2004.
There is a distinct difference between popular Indian nationalism, that is the nation believing in a state independent of Britain, and Indian nationalist movements, for example the Muslim League or the Hindu revivalist movement. These movements fought for independence but were far more religiously orientated and were fighting in their own interests. Although Indian nationalism initially found expression in the Mutiny of 1857, its deve...
Introduction In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to date. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy.
In the book Train to Pakistan, author Khushwant Singh recalls the brutal and unfortunate times when Muslims were being forced out of Mano Majra. They, along with the Hindu and Sikh population, were living in relative peace. But when there had to be change, chaos ensued. There were several key individuals that shared the total responsibility of the expulsion of Muslims from Mano Majra; Even though some had purer motives than others, they all took stock in the unfortunate process.
The BJP insists India is a “Hindu Nation”, a principle leader of the party. BJP, L.K.Advani, goes so far as to suggest Sikh’s, Muslims and Christians. should be Mohammadi Hindus, Christian Hindus and Sikh Hindus. persisting and enhancing the Indian character of the state. Muslims find themselves accused of anti-Hindu acts whereby North India was.
"Who has not heard of the Vale of Cashemere," wrote the Irish poet Thomas Moore in 1817, "with its roses the brightest that earth ever gave.”
“India and Pakistan: Tense Neighbours.” BBC. N.p., 16 Dec. 2001. Web. 15 May 2011. .
During partition time socio cultural milieu as well as conflict among religious groups was clearly stated. It has been seen about the guarantees brought by multiculturalism. For those of us on the edges ethnic minorities, people from regular workers foundations, gays and lesbians et cetera who had dependably felt conflicted about our essence in organizations where information has partaken in ways that reinsertion imperialism and mastery, it was exciting to believe that the vision of equity and majority rule government that was at the very heart of the social liberties development would be acknowledged in the institute. Khushwant Singh has grasped an objective approach all through the novel; we get looks of checked shock which must be the result of his own troublesome
Every one knows that the Muslims of India were not willing to live with biased Hindu majority because of their hypocritical character, pagan ideologies and no belief in the Day of Judgment. Muslims of India had realized this fact. The Two-Nation theory was the result of their feelings. The Muslim League was founded by Muslims of India in 1906. Allama Iqbal promulgated the idea of separate land piece for the Muslims of India in 1930. This idea of independent state was endorsed by the Muslims of all India in March 1940 through the Pakistan Resolution at Lahore. The idea of independent state in the territories where the Muslims were in majority was also accepted and endorsed by the British Government of India in June 1943. All of these facts are on the record and no one can deny it.
...shown through Lenny’s point of view. Prior the partition, Lahore was a place of tolerance that enjoyed a secular state. Tension before the partition suggested the division of India was imminent, and that this would result in a religious. 1947 is a year marked by human convulsion, as 1 million people are reported dead because of the partition. Moreover, the children of Lahore elucidate the silences Butalia seeks in her novel. The silence of survivors is rooted to the nature of the partition itself; there is no clear distinction as to who were the antagonists. The distinction is ambiguous, the victims were Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims, and moreover these groups were the aggressors, the violent. The minority in this communal violence amongst these groups was the one out-numbered. This epiphany of blame is embarked in silence, and roots from the embodiment of violence.