“Out of Africa theory” which is the most widely accepted theory about the modern human origins tells us that the Humans first evolved in African Continent and Most of the Human Evolution happened in this Black Continent. African continent to which human roots belongs, saw the most brutal suppression of one Human Being by another. Africa, which had a well mature democratic tribal administration, today consists of a bunch of failed states having huge trust deficit among the people and the state. Causes of this failure story of Africa includes hasty privatisation policies, the growing influence of non-state forces, degraded democratic conventions and institutions, pollution of cultural and social values etc. Slavery and colonialism of more than …show more content…
Yet the boon of possessing these resources has converted into bane for the African People. The phenomenon of Globalization has resulted into a major cause of the conflicts in Africa. African nations do possess natural resources, but because of their technological and scientific backwardness they do not have the capacity to harness these resources. As, a result these nations are forced to invite Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to do the Exploration and Production of these Resources. These MNCs hold enormous money power to manipulate the economy of the African Nations. Vast Natural resources, cheap labour and huge consumer markets of Africa are crucial to their economic plans. Due to the fragile leadership of African nations, these MNCs resorts to large scale exploitation of national resources, corruption, violating environmental laws and manipulating governments and media. Sometimes these MNCs also procure weapons and provide arms training to both the Government and the Insurgents Forces. Their interests are better served by the incessant wars and conflicts than the peaceful conditions. When the African Governments tries to borrow loans and financial aids from the Financial Organisations such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) they are forced to open up their economies, devalue their currencies, remove subsidies and liberalise their trade policies, all these steps are generally aimed at favouring these Western MNCs. These measures of Liberalisation have resulted into destruction of the Domestic Industries and large scale Unemployment in the African Society. To fulfil their economic greed MNCs have used exploitative Measures which resulted into the destruction of Tribal areas, pollution of water sources such as rivers, large scale deforestation and destruction of the ecosystem. Globalisation has made the economic
The impact of the Structural Adjustment Programs imposed by International Financial Intuitions (IFIs) such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the developing countries of Africa has led to the destruction of Africa’s social sectors and has handicapped Africa in its fight with poverty, the AIDS pandemic, and keeping children in school.
Europe, in the late 1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carved up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation.
When the Age of Imperialism began in 1875, it effected Africa in many ways. Nowhere was the competition for colonies more intense than in Africa. Europeans went after North and South Africa splitting up the continent. Egypt and Sudan were taken over by Britain to obtain the Suez Canal. Imperialism helped to develop Africa’s economy and turned it into a continent of colonies.
It is thought-provoking, in the sense that Africa’s need for foreign created a race to the bottom, much like what Pietra Rivoli described in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. Due to some African states’ reliance on foreign aid in order to mine and profit on their resources, they allow business standards to be lowered and for Chinese firms to tip the contracts moresoever in the favor of Chinese firms. This lowers the potential earnings of African states by lowering royalty rates, for example. Additionally, Burgis’ research was thorough and transparent. When he did not receive a response or if his questions were dodged, he made it obvious to the readers. Sure, some could view this book as too anecdotal to be used as a credible source of Africa’s situation. However, this is due to the nature of the system Burgis is writing about; after all, they are shadow states for a reason. Some readers will be saddened by this text, others angry, most curious to learn more, but above all, everyone will be intellectually stimulated and
It is generally accepted by scholars and scientists today that Africa is the original home of man. One of the most tragic misconceptions of historical thought has been the belief that Black Africa had no history before European colonization. Whites foster the image of Africa as a barbarous and savage continent torn by tribal warfare for centuries. It was a common assumption of nineteenth-century European and American Whites - promoted by the deliberate cultivation of pseudoscientific racism - that Africans were inferior to Whites and were devoid of any trace of civilization or culture.
European Imperialism heavily impacted the African continent through culturally, economic, and political ideas. This era of history is heavily drenched in the aspect of ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one’s own culture is superior that of another. The Europeans colonized Africa believing that they could bring civilization, but they were often ignorant of Africa’s very complex societies. The European powers divided up the continent of Africa among themselves, without any consent from the people who actually lived there. The tribal stratification was changed to a caste system where racial, ethnic, and religious differences were of utmost importance, as delegated by European rule. The structure and business of the African economy was directed by what the colonial powers felt was necessary. The European powers interjected in the African society and inflicted them with their supposedly superior way of life.
In the early 1880’s, the powers of Europe started to take control of regions in Africa and set up colonies there. In the beginning, colonization caused the Africans little harm, but before long, the Europeans started to take complete control of wherever they went. The Europeans used their advanced knowledge and technology to easily maneuver through the vast African landscape and used advanced weapons to take control of the African people and their land. The countries that claimed the most land and had the most significant effect on Africa were France, England, Belgium, and Germany. There were many reasons for the European countries to be competing against each other to gain colonies in Africa. One of the main reasons was that the Europeans believed that the more territory a country was able to control, the more powerful it could become and the more powerful it would be seen as by other countries. Other reasons for the desire to control African land included the many natural resources that could only be found in Africa, such as diamonds, gold, and as time progressed, rubber. It also provided new markets in surrounding places so that manufactured goods could be sold for a larger profit. The Europeans had many motives for imperialism in Africa. Yet the true motives were often shielded as they tried tom present themselves as humanitarians when in reality they were making Africa a terrible place to live with brutality and harsh treatment of the African natives. The ways of the Europeans had many physical and emotional costs for the people of Africa. The imperialism process also took a toll on the people of Europe. The European imperialistic colonization in Africa was motivated by the desire to control the abundant natural resources an...
First, one must understand what this theory really is. The Out of Africa model, also known as the replacement theory, states that modern humans originated in Africa exclusively and then slowly migrated to the rest of the world. This has been suggested to have happened, probably in two separate waves, somewhere between 56,000 and 200,000 years ago. This theory holds that while there were other hominids on other continents, they never evo...
There are many things that imperialism did to Africa. I will be talking about how and why the Belgium’s took control of Africa and the effects of them doing this. I will be diving into the causes and effects of Europe’s imperialism in Africa.
The unbalanced relationship between Africa’s resources and European and American financial interest can first be analyzed from 1600 to 1860 leading up to the emancipation proclamation. This era was characterized by Africans giving up their human capital, or human resources in the form of slaves to European’s to trade over to the Americas to support the plantation economy. This was the largest loss of humans for Africa as they sent millions through the slave trade. Many Europeans, such as the Dutch West Indian Company and the Royal African Company, made an enormous amount of money running the slave trade while African’s got little to nothing in return. American’s profited by having free labor for a one time fixed payment to acquire the slaves. This fueled the plantation economy in which Americans deepened their pockets leading up to the civil war. Overall, this relationship heavily favored the westerners and caused Africa to lose a great deal of human resources.
Throughout the centuries Africa has been a continent of agricultural achievement and plenty. Agrarian practices and technologies developed in Africa were emulated by the world’s great civilizations and radiated to every corner of the world. It’s speculated by many naturalist (most notably Charles R. Darwin) that modern agriculture originated in Africa. Ancient cave paintings discovered by archeologist in Africa are certainly some of the earliest evidences of plant and animal domestication. Arabic and European historical accounts agree that African diets were varied and abundant from the beginning of recorded history up until the middle ages. The African continent is rich with natural and intellectual resources. Northern Africa has rich oil deposits that, once discovered, have made billions of dollars. Sub-Sahara Africa is rich with deposits of precious minerals such as gold and diamonds. Throughout much of history Africa has been thought of as a rich land. But the Africa we know today as being plagued by famine, poverty and war came about at a much later date. These tragic circumstances could have been partly caused by the massive economic dislocation caused by the slave trade and colonization of the 19th and 20th century (Hopkins 13). Colonial powers representing outside interest setup “extractive institutions” across Africa. These “Extractive Institutions” refer to those entities that exist for the sole purpose of pull resources out of a country. Now that many of the colonialist powers have left, these “European-style institutions” still exist well into the turn of the century.
...tries. These ideas were discussed in lecture on February 16th, 2011, as well as explored in Manfred B. Steger's, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, and I.B. Logan and Kidane Mengisteab's article, "IMF – World Bank Adjustment and Structural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Instead of globalization as a positive system for SSA, it did the opposite, and made the region stagnant in economic terms. It was about expanding relationships among countries, but adjustments were creating barriers that prevented SSA from economic communications with other countries. Therefore, it contributed to colonialism after World War II; colonial powers were able to indirectly control what SSA could do, and whom they were able to contact. The World Bank as a financial institution affected SSA's economic industry, and was partly responsible for the control colonial powers had.
Over the past 30 years the globalisation of the economy led by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and transnational entities have happened at a very quick pace. These institutions have pressured governments of developing countries such as South Africa to remove barriers to the cross-border flow of capital and products.
For the passed decades questions came up about globalization impact on civilization such as, South Africa have been a concern to many people around the globe. Based on, agriculture, politics, business affairs, decisions making, animals, and environmental changes been at the frontline of discussion concerning this region. The purpose of this research wills examine the impact of globalization on this society that affects all spectrums from businesses to human begins lives, animals, and environment in this region. Also, the awareness of the financial growth is unstable and irregular across the South Africa regions. The monetary increase has been rigorous just in 11 rich nations, which do not include South Africa. While, 89 other countries represent 1.0 billion citizens or one quarter of the planet populations are economically poorer off than they were five or more years ago like South Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa requires greater focus on their poverty, so the issue is who needs come first poor or rich. In this research paper it will go more in details about these problems that South African faces each day to survive.
The majority of the continent of Africa has not been as economically progressive as the other continents in today’s world. However, over the past few years, it has been rapidly growing. Although there have been multiple countries in Africa that have reflected a strong growing economy, such as South Africa and Botswana, there are many other countries that are still corrupt and are still struggling to grow as a nation. There are many challenges that are facing Africa currently. Some of these major challenges being, corrupt governments, vicious cycles of aid, and poverty traps. However, among these challenges, there still lies to be great opportunities for Africa within their technology and business sectors.