The Nervous System and Multiple Sclerosis

1407 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Introduction to multiple sclerosis

#### change the name #######Structure of the Neuron:

The nervous system is a composed of billions of cells called, Neurons. These cells deliver messages and signals from the Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord), to the rest of the body. The Neuron is found on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (CVS, PVS) and they are especially designed to transmit and receive messages quickly and efficiently. (1)

The main parts of the neuron are, the cell body, dendrites, axons, terminal Buttons, and the Myelin Sheath.

Dendrites- a fiber like structure that extend from the neuron’s cell body; this increases the surface area of the neuron, which allows it to receive more information from other neurons. (1) (2)

Terminal Buttons- Terminal Buttons are on the ends of the axons, and they are responsible for releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters. This chemical transfer signals from the terminal buttons of one neuron, to another neuron. (1) (2)

Axon- a fiber like structure that attaches the cell body to the terminal buttons. The shorter the axon, the longer it takes for the information to be transmitted, so longer axons are more effective. (1) (2)

Myelin Sheath- Myelin Sheath acts as an insulator, and it surrounds the axons. And because the myelin is an insulator it helps increase the speed of the transmission. The Myelin fibers disallow the electrical impulses to exit the axon, thus it creates a good environment to transmit signals and messages. (3)

What Is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease (a disease in which your own immune system attacks your body’s somatic cells.) (5) that attacks the myelin sheath covering the axon on nervous cells, in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. ...

... middle of paper ...

...clerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/what-causes-ms/index.aspx

9. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/who-gets-ms/index.aspx

10. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/basics/symptoms/con-20026689

11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21371012

12. http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=18579

13. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple

14. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/detail_multiple_sclerosis.htm

15. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/treatments/medications/plasmapheresis-plasma-exchange/index.aspx

16. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000674.htm

17. http://mssociety.ca/en/treatments/modify_avonex.htm

18. http://bionews-tx.com/news/2014/01/08/multiple-sclerosis-cure-tb-vaccine/

Show More
Related

  • Synapse Case Study

    713 Words  | 2 Pages

    Briefly explain the process of neurotransmission. Neurotransmission starts with the neuron, the most important part of the central nervous system. A neuron contains a cell body, axon, and dendrites. When a neuron receives an electrical impulse, the impulse travels away from the cell body down the axon. The axon breaks off into axon terminals. At the axon terminals, the electrical impulse creates a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, a space between two neurons. If the neurotransmitter tries to stimulate a response of another neuron, it is an excitatory neurotransmitter. If the neurotransmitter does not stimulate a response of another neuron it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. If a response is generated, the second neuron or postsynaptic neuron will receive an action potential at the site of the dendrite and the communication process will continue on. If a response is not generated, neurotransmitters left in the synapse will be absorbed by the first neuron or presynaptic neuron, a process known as reuptake. Neurotransmitters control our body functions, emotions, and

    Read More

  • A Comparison of Guillain Barre Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis Related to Central and Peripheral Nervous Pathologies

    2431 Words  | 5 Pages

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the myelination of the central nervous system, leading to numerous issues regarding muscle strength, coordination, balance, sensation, vision, and even some cognitive defects. Unfortunately, the etiology of MS is not known, however, it is generally thought of and accepted as being an autoimmune disorder inside of the central nervous system (Rietberg, et al. 2004). According to a study (Noonan, et al. 2010) on the prevalence of MS, the disease affects more than 1 million people across the world, and approximately 85% of those that are affected will suffer from unpredictably occurring sessions of exacerbations and remissions. The report (Noonan, et al. 2010) found that the prevalence of MS was much higher in women than in men, and that it was also higher in non-Hispanic whites than in other racial or ethnic groups throughout the 3 regions of the United States that were studied.

    Read More

  • Pathological Book Review on Multiple Sclerosis

    1518 Words  | 4 Pages

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally thought to be an autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheaths, or oligodendrocytes that cover nerve axons in the central nervous system (PubMed Health 2013). This immune response causes inflammation, which triggers immune cells to destroy axons “along any area of the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord” (PubMed Health 2013). When the myelin sheath “is damaged, nerve signals slow down or stop” thus hindering the propagation of action potentials and limiting function (PubMed Health 2013).

    Read More

  • Multiple Sclerosis Informative Speech

    750 Words  | 2 Pages

    What is Multiple Sclerosis? Ms is an Autoimmune disorder. When the disorder progresses the nerves will be damaged and so the damaged is caused by inflammation. Another thing is the cells that were protected by a layer will be damaged as well. So when you have the damaged cell this will lead to the brain and the spinal cord. So that is what MS is.

    Read More

  • Multiple Sclerosis Case Study

    1264 Words  | 3 Pages

    (Marieb, 2016). Myelin is the protective coat surrounding and insulating the nerve fibers of CNS. Myelin is fatty tissue substance that if attacked by immune cells causing a short-circuits in the current so that the successive gaps are excited more and more slowly, and eventually impulse conduction ceases which resulted in various forms of symptoms (Marieb, 2016). The degradation could either be “by inflammation, stroke, immune disorder, metabolic disorders, or nutritional deficiencies” (Slomski, 2005). The target that immune cells are sensitized to attack remains

    Read More

  • The Skeletal System In The Human Body

    1204 Words  | 3 Pages

    Sensory neurons behave to physical stimuli such as light, sound and touch and send observation to the central nervous system about the body’s surrounding environment. Motor neurons, based in the central nervous system or in peripheral ganglia, disseminate signals to mobilize the muscles or glands.

    Read More

  • Multiple Sclerosis

    2024 Words  | 5 Pages

    Primarily, the term MS refers to a chronic disorder that attacks the central nervous system (CNS). It is most common in temperate continents such as Europe and Australia with Asiatic and African continents having a lower risk of the disease (Wiley Online Library, 2013). A search organised by the Multiple Sclerosis Society (2013) has estimated that there are 127,000 people living with MS in the United Kingdom. Further research by Chipps, Clanin, and Campbell (1992, pp. 158-167) shows that MS disorder more likely affects women than men with its symptoms occurring between the ages of 20 and 40 in most cases and is quite uncommon in childhood and old age. The nerve cells known as neurons in the brain constantly transmit and receive signals. They invoke emotions, activities and cognition that constitute the day to day experiences of humans. Under normal circumstances, these signals travel on a protected insulation path known as the myelin sheath. This insulation is vital as it enables signals to reach their target. In Multiple Sclerosis, the myelin sheath gets disintegrated causing the nerve fibre to be damaged leading to a disruption in the abili...

    Read More

  • Sensory Neurons Essay

    596 Words  | 2 Pages

    Dendrites are located on either one or both ends of a cell.The peripheral nervous system then takes the sensory information from the outside and sends the messages by virtue of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals through the neural pathways of the spinal cord. The neurotransmitter chemicals are held by tiny membranous sacs located in the synaptic terminals. Synaptic terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from their sacs is stimulated once the electrical nerve impulse has finished travelling along a neuron and reaches the synaptic terminal. Afterward, neurotransmitters travel across synapses thus stimulating the production of an electrical charge that carries the nerve impulse onward. Synapses are junctions between neighboring neurons. This procedure is reiterated until either muscle movement occurs or the brain picks up on a sensory reaction. During this process, messages are being transmitted from one part of the body onto the next. The peripheral and central nervous system are two crucial subdivisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous

    Read More

  • Multiple Sclerosis Essay

    1668 Words  | 4 Pages

    Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. It is understood as an autoimmune disease, a condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks normal tissues. In Multiple Sclerosis, the patient’s own cells & antibodies attack the fatty myelin sheath that protects and insulates nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord, the two components of the CNS. This ultimately causes damage to the nerve cells and without the insulation the myelin sheath provides, nerve communication is disrupted. Hence, Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by symptoms that reflect central nervous system involvement (Luzzio, 2014).

    Read More

  • Doctor Rita Smilkstein's Natural Human Learning Process

    702 Words  | 2 Pages

    The neurons or brain cells are shaped like trees. Young brain cells, called soma, resemble an acorn or small seed of a tree. The seed sprouts limbs when stimulated, called dendrites. Further on in development, the cell will grow a trunk like structure called an axon. The axon has an outer shell, like the bark of a tree, called the myelin sheath. Finally, at the base of the cell, there are root-like structures called axon terminal bulbs. Through these bulbs and the dendrite of another cell, cells communicate with each other through electrochemical impulses. These impulses cause the dendrites to

    Read More

  • Understanding Brain Chemistry

    1216 Words  | 3 Pages

    Neurons are the cells that create brain activity, passing chemical and electric signals from on...

    Read More

  • Guillain- Barre Syndrome

    1448 Words  | 3 Pages

    The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of the nerves and provides protection. It allows messages to be sent rapidly and accurately to the axons from long distances (Serono, 2010). The axons are the part of the nervous system that allows electrical transmission of signals throughout the brain and spinal cord. Without these electrical transmissions, the body would not be able to function properly (Serono, 2010).

    Read More

  • Physics of Neurons

    1389 Words  | 3 Pages

    This reduces the amount of current that would otherwise leak out of the axon and increases the distance that the current can flow passively. Myelination, aka axon insulation, increases action potential conduction up to 150m/s compared to 0.5-10m/s conduction velocities of unmyelinated axons! Speedy delivery of current information along axons is also due to the nodes of Ranvier. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between insulated portions of the axon. The gaps create a place where the current can flow out of the axon so an action potential can be generated.

    Read More

  • Biological Psychology

    1432 Words  | 3 Pages

    The neuron plays an important role in the occupation of the brain (Rollin Koscis). A neuron is...

    Read More

  • Neuroplasticity

    1643 Words  | 4 Pages

    The brain consists of both neurons and glia cells. The neurons, which are cells housed in a cell body called a Soma, have branches which extend from them, referred to as dendrites. From these dendrites extend axons which send and receive impulses, ending at junction points called synapses. It is at these synapse points that the transfer of information takes place.

    Read More

More about The Nervous System and Multiple Sclerosis

Open Document