The Neem Tree: The Village Pharmacy
The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (=Melia azadirachta L. and Melia indica Brandis) is known as the Indian lilac or Margosa (Koul, 1990). Neem is a large evergreen tree with a wide trunk, which can grow 12-24 meters tall. The leaves are bright green with 9-15 leaves, oblique at the base or slightly curved, coarsely toothed, with a pointed tip Shodini, 1997). In India, neem flowers from January to April, and fruits mature from May to August (Koul, 1990). The one-seeded neem fruits are yellow when ripe, and are about one inch long (Shodini, 1997). neem is native to the and regions of the Indian subcontinent, was introduced into Africa, and is presently grown in many Asian countries, as well as tropical areas of the New World (Koul, 1990).
Neem trees are fast growers, and in three years may grow to 20 feet in height from seed planting. It will grow where rainfall is only 18 inches per year and it thrives in areas of extreme heat up to 120 degrees. Neem trees can live up to 200 years (Conrick).
The neem tree's history goes back a long way, with indications it was used in medical treatments about 4,500 years ago. There is evidence found from excavations at Harappa. and Mohenjo-Daro in Northwestern and western India, in which several therapeutic compounds including neem leaves, were gathered in the ruins (Conrick).
India's ancient books of knowledge are called the Vedas. Some of the most ancient surviving documents that have been translated, are the Caraka-Samhita (about 500 BC), and the Susruta Samhita (about 300 AD). These books are the foundations of the Indian system of natural healing, or Ayurveda. These texts mention neem in almost 100 entries for treating many diseases whi...
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...Association. http://www.ajtsc.coni/neemtree.htm
Koul, Opender, et. al. 1990. Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany. v68. National Research Council of Canada.
McCaleb, Rob. The Original neem Co. neem Ancient Herb From India. http://www.neemaura.com/.
Randhawa, 1997. Cyber India Foundation. http://www.neemfoundation.org/
Sharma, Priya Vrat. 1996. Classical Uses of Medicinal Plants. Chaukbambha Visvabharati. Varanasi 1, India.
Sharma, S.B. 1997. ( Book Review) The neem Tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Other Meliaceous Plants: Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. International Journal of Nematological Research. E.J. Brill Leiden, The Netherlands.
Shodini. 1997. Touch Me, Touch-me-not: Women, Plants and Healing. Kali for Women. New Delhi, India.
Thoreau distinguishes what he wishes his life was; he compares what he wants out of life to what he currently has. He says “I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.” He makes note of how dear and important life is, and how he wishes to live in a way which he hadn’t been before, by making the most out of the life he has left.
Monarda fisctulosa had various uses for the Native Americans. This multipurpose plant may also be known as Bee Balm, horsemint, wild oregano, or many more. The most common name is bee balm due to the multitude of bees that are drawn in; some rest on the back side of flower petals, while others spread pollen between the plants. In total, there is approximately fifteen known species currently growing. The parts of the plant can be consumed in a variety of ways. The plant was, and still is, used to treat many issues and illnesses. This paper will describe the characteristics of Monarda, and the many uses for the leaves and flowers.
...ong, and shorter stalks are 20-100mm long. The flower length from the axils are one to three centimeters long. The optimum flowering time is from May through August. The fruit are pod shaped with seedlings coiled into two to three spirals with a strong net vein three to four millimeters long (montanaplant-life.org).
1.) Intro: I decided to focus my Religious Ethnography on a friend whom I recently have become close with. Adhita Sahai is my friend’s name, which she later told me her first name meant “scholar.” I choose to observe and interview Adhita, after she invited me to her home after hearing about my assignment. I was very humbled that she was open to this, because not only was it a great opportunity for this paper, but it also helped me get to know Adhita better. I took a rather general approach to the religious questions that I proposed to the Sahai family because I didn’t want to push to deep, I could tell Hinduism is extremely important to this family. Because this family does not attend a religious site where they worship, I instead listened to how they do this at home as a family instead.
The first plant will be introduced is Gamboge, Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. , which is a dicotyledonous plant. The leaves are in opposite arrangement. The apex of leaf is obtuse. It grows in tropical area and the fruit is berry typed with a smooth skin on top. The xylem sap is usually used in to put on the wound or being treated to synthesize Chinese herbs. It is good in blood
...le experience, if [one] live[s] simply and wisely” (Thoreau 51). Thoreau believes that living without the items that are unnecessary prove to lead to an enjoyable life. Thoreau believes that one can live an enjoyable life by being wise and living a simple one. Thoreau is a believer in not spending unnecessarily on items that are unneeded. For his furniture, “part of which [he] makes himself…cost[s] him nothing” (Thoreau 48). This idea is essentially how Thoreau feels a good life should be spent. Thoreau only needs to work “about six weeks in a year [to] meet all the expenses of living” (Thoreau 50). By being able to not buy items that are not pertinent to life and frivolously spending, Thoreau is able to be “free and clear for study” (Thoreau 50). Thoreau was living simply and wisely which made living not difficult for Thoreau, but enjoyable.
Before one learns of Handel’s life it is important to know his music genre and methods. Handel’s musical collection has been placed in the style of Baroque. A term used generally, Baroque has many different origins and definitions. The word in Portuguese is defined as odd pearls and in English simply means strange or different (Buelow 1). Defined in The Oxford Dictionary of Music by Michael Kennedy as Bizarre, Baroque was a term applied to German and Austrian architecture in the 17th and 18th century. Only later was the term borrowed to describe music (51). Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Henry Purcell and Handel have all had works classified in the Baroque set. The Baroque style eventually began to describe a large portion of musical styles in the late 16th century, which ultimately added even more vagueness to an already imprecise term. Not a lot of things tied pieces of the time together; every piece seemed to be different in style (Buelow 1-5). Contrary to the information put forth by Buelow, Baroque was described in The Complete Book of Classical Music as having a fairly uniform style. Most of the works of th...
Kuddus , Mohammed, Ibrahim A. M. Ginawi, and Awdah Al-Hazimi. “Cannabis sativa: An Ancient Wild Edible Plant of India.” Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture 25.10 (2013) : 736-745. Print.
With the statement, “Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them,” Thoreau is saying that many people in the world, including the United States, are not able to enjoy life because they are too preoccupied with working and earning wealth to buy unnecessary goods. Thoreau believes that men only need four things to survive: fuel, food, shelter, and clothing. However, according to Thoreau, people still strive to obtain more and more unnecessary material goods. To obtain these goods, Thoreau writes, “He has no time to be any thing but a machine,” meaning that men are so busy working to make excessive money that work consumes their entire lives. Thoreau, on the other hand, ignores “factitious cares” such as excessive wealth, furniture, and a large home, in order to enjoy his life and not be forced to live his life as a machine.
Herbal medicine dates back a very long time. More than 4,000 years ago, the Chinese emperor Qien Nong put a book together, or a herbal, of different medicinal plants (O’ Sullivan 2). It contained descriptions of more than 300 plants. Some of these plants are still used today. The Sumerians, at the same time recorded prescriptions on clay tablets. Also, the Egyptians recorded their information regarding medicine on rolls of papyrus. A very famous papyrus is the Ebers Papyrus, which includes specific information on how to use different plants (Brody 1).
One of the oldest records of such medicinal recommendations is found in the writings of the Chinese scholar-emperor Shen Nung, who lived in 2735 BC He compiled a book about herbs, a forerunner of the medieval pharmacopoeias that listed all the then-known medications.
Ayurveda is the general name given to the collective practices of ancient Indian medicine and is made up of many different components such as lifestyle changes, iridology, massage therapy, aromatherapy and importantly, the application of medicinal plants and herbs. As an ancient science, until recently not much research has been conducted on the efficacy of such treatments and practices. This has been due to both the lack of availability of concrete resources and debate on the validity of translations of first sources. Of all the herbs, the use of three of the traditional plant-based treatments- namely Neem (Azardirachta indica), Sage (various Salvia species) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) - will be discussed due to reported high efficiency rates and frequent usage. These plants are reported to be highly useful in the field of Ayurveda and are not only the most frequently listed of all the herbs but also the most frequently researched. Although many cases have been documented to prove the usefulness of these herbs, there have been many cases that discourage the practice of Ayurveda by providing an argument against the safety and reliability of these herbs. Many of these claims now have recently been verified or shown to be false through proper scientific study. The use of neem and turmeric in particular has become highly controversial due to the concepts of biopiracy and biopatents and a brief introduction of that topic will be given with specific examples. Issues of safety and the general lack of scientific study will also be discussed. Negative effects of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic remedies that have been discovered through research are presented. Other benefits of using Ayurvedic plant-remedies such as cost effectiveness will also be analyzed.
So from last many thousands years the medicinal plant being used by humans for different therapeutic purpose and are changed to modern medicine like many modern drugs originated from plant source. Many of the life saving drug are isolated/extract from medicinal plant examples include Vincristine (Vinca), digoxin (Digitalis), quinine (cinchona bark), Atropine (Datura), Artimicine (Artimisia annua), morphine (from the opium poppy) (Vickers and Zollman, 1999). As per WHO the uses of herbal drug was increased day by day to two- three time more as compared to conventional drug in different form like nutraceuticals, ayurvedic drugs, traditional chinse medicine, Functional food etc (Evans, 1994).
Hamlet begins his soliloquy in Act I, Scene V with passionate diction by shouting to heaven, hell and earth. He compares his life to hell, and the beginning of the soliloquy continues to portray him as a man who is disgusted with life and humanity. He use the phrase “O, fie” which all serves to show Hamlet’s frustration and anger after having heard what the ghost, his father, has told him. He’s enraged because of the deception of his uncle and mother and knows he must get revenge. He tells his muscles to “grow not instant old” because he knows he will need the energy to get revenge. He continues to speak indirectly to the ghost by saying that he’ll “remember thee” and he continues to sound very passionate; but even he may realize that he is overestimating himself as he knows he is confused and tends to overthink as he speaks of his “distracted globe”. But he is very determined as he says he’ll “wipe away” all thoughts and memory, the “baser matter” and only think of his father’s “commandment”. This demonstrates how important it is to Hamlet in this act to get revenge, and in hindsight shows his overestimation for his ability to take action. The Hamlet in this scene is seemingly more passionate and less rational; but the use of his scholarly metaphors such as compar...
Since the birth of mankind there has been a close relationship between life, disease and plants. Ancient men started studying the diseases and treatments. There is no evidence till today that the prehistoric man had used synthetic drugs for their ailments, but proofs are there for the usage of things they could easily get for these kinds of problem. The common thing what they can procure easily for these ailments were from plants and animals. They found out that majority of flora were useful as food and others were of medicinally useful or of poisonous nature. By their own experience the knowledge on these plants were transferred from generations to generations and these forms as a basement of folk medicine. Thus the history of herbal medicine