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Recommended: Brazil economic
Subject Line: The Need for Higher Education in Brazil
This memo is divided into four sections. With the first three sections being informative regarding the current economic and educational landscape in Brazil and the opportunities for market penetration. The final section is unfortunately constrained given that Laureate is a private company, but we have included a cost analysis created by our analysts.
Section I: Introduction
Rough Roads Ahead for Brazil:
The prosperity of Brazil in the recent years has created a flourishing middle class. For an extended amount of time, Brazil was experiencing growth well above 4% (Graph 1) . However expectations of bad grades ahead (modest GDP growth) coupled with high inflation have significantly cut growth expectations. So no matter how much effort is put into reverting inflation back to normal levels, it is unreasonable to expect the government to reduce its expenditures, tax exemptions and other subsidies for education sector any time soon. Since investing more and establishing new infrastructures is timely and costly, a government with clear budget constraints won’t be able to provide much flexibility to the educational system. Providing this economical flexibility for the educational system would be like cutting to the bone when what this country really needs is its muscles and brains right now. For a country struggling to emerge from its status as a middle income country, the lack of flexibility and tremendous need for education looks to be on two different ends of the table. The question then becomes how is education going to improve if the government’s priorities are more short term than long term? Concurrent with the emergence of a strong middle class, the need for quality ...
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Spence, Janet T.. "Education and Attainment ." PsycNET. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2014. .
Springer. "Private vs. social returns to higher education: Some new cross-sectional evidence." Private vs. social returns to higher education: Some new cross-sectional evidence - Springer. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2014. .
Unesco. "Global Education Unesco FGV." . N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2014. .
Vasconcelos, J. R. and M. A. Oliveira, (2006). “Analise da Matriz por Atividade Economica
do Comercio Interestadual no Brasil,” IPEA, Texto para Discussão 1159.
For the government to overcome deficiencies efficiently in the sectors of industry, the private sector must have an active involvement in capital investment and creation of services. Brazil’s potential in a global market is set back by inefficiencies in infrastructure that turn away private investment.
The amount of funding for education was the most difficult to determine. This education system seems to be very inefficient and the huge backlog of teacher pensions restricted the more favorable budget. Well educated students leads to a more productive economy but there are many who do not take ad...
...o be accessible from a number of different places. Like the research shows, the roads are not the best. However, with all the revamping of major highways, travel by car will become much easier in the future. Ideally, the academy would draw talent from all over Brazil so access to highway systems are an airport would be necessary. The financial situation in Brazil however is unevenly distributed. Although Brazil’s income inequality has declined slightly over the past fourteen years, it still remains on of the most unequal countries in the world (Siegelbaum, 2013). The top ten percent of the country earns 40% of the national income, and most of these wealthier people live in urbanized areas. This leaves the rural population a much higher level of poverty. To overcome this obstacle the baseball academy will have to be available to people of all economic backgrounds.
Spending money on public universities is a problem mainly because the students attending said universities come from families that could easily pay for private schooling. However, since families see that public universities are getting a large amount of funding they chose to send their students there and save their money instead of spending more on a private education. “In Brazil the public universities have just 2% of all pupils in the education system, but get 25% of its funds” (Education in Latin America: Cramming them in). Even though universities should get funding, it should not be receiving a significant amount if such a low percentage of students are attending. That money from the existing funds can be spent towards enhancing and remodeling school buildings for students in primary and secondary levels. To go along with classroom resources, schools in Latin American countries also has many “poorly trained teachers” which means “education spending in Latin America is wasted” (Education in Latin America: Cramming them in). Instead of paying someone who has a college degree or is qualified to teach, schools hire untrained and unqualified teachers to do the job. Unlike the United States, Latin American countries do not focus on training teachers or teacher aides in safety regulations, teaching strategies, classroom management, etc. Having a poorly trained teacher adds onto the school’s disorganization. To work in a school in the U.S one must have some sort of high school diploma if not some college education or college degree. Ham and Castillo write, “Honduran teachers had no more than a high school education, and about half had nine or fewer years of formal schooling.” Although
De Lourdes Rollemberg Mollo, Maria and Alfredo Saad-Filho. "Neoliberal Economic Policies in Brazil (1994 – 2005): Cardoso, Lula and the Need for a Democratic Alternative." New Political Economy March 2006: 99-123.
Without the necessary funds, there is no education development and the fairness of education. Therefore, many countries continue to increase the investment for the education to promote education equity funds provide solid back. According to the data of economic cooperation and development United Nations statistics, Israel 's education Expenditure proportion of its GDP reached 9.1%, higher than that of the developed countries in the America, Sweden, Denmark, Australia level (usually 6.6%). Now with 2001 for example, the state budget is $61450000000, the education funds for $5750000000, which taken accounted for 9.35% of GDP, and one of the basic education expenditure Up to 56%, or $3220000000. In addition, from the per capital level to calculate, at present Israel Ministry of Education under the jurisdiction of the basic education (including pre-school about 270000 2~ 6 The public kindergarten children), in middle school education is about 1600000 people, root According to purchasing power, Israel each pupil can get $3939. The amount is higher than other developed countries, the average level of $3769(2004, P91). The constitution of Brazil made the following rules on investment grade three to federal, state, city, education setting: the country should use less than 13% of the state budget funds to the development of Education .The budget is from the federal income tax revenue. The state government should
4 Martha J. Bailey and Susan M. Dynarski, “Inequality in Postsecondary Attainment,” 2011. In Greg Duncan and Richard Murnane, eds., Whither Opportunity: Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, pp. 117-132. New York: Russell Sage
Globalisation has been crucial to the economic and social development of Brazil. In the late twentieth century Brazil face years of economic, political and social instability experiencing high inflation, high income inequality and rapidly growing poverty. However after a change of government in the 1990s and large structural changes in both the economic and social landscapes, the brazilian economy has been experiencing a growing middle class and reduced income gap. Since the start of the 21st century, brazil has benefitted from the move to a more global economy.
Hurd, G.E & Johnson, T.J (1963) Education and Development. Journal of The Sociological Review. Vol 15, No.1, pp59-7.
In the current economic times the development and growth of any economy has come to a near stop or at least to a drastic slow down. The face of the global economic environment has changed and many new countries are starting to change the way their country and the rest of the world does business. One such nation is Brazil, who has turned around their own economic troubles and is becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world (World Factbook). Brazil has started developing its economy and using the opportunity to achieve a level of respect in the world.
What this suggest is that the differences in educational institutions will determine an individual or a groups level of education in society, but one must bear in mind the fact that just because certain individuals and groups who belong to a particular socioeconomic status doesn’t guarantee them a successful career.
Holmes, D, Hughes & Jullian, R, 2007, ‘The more you earn the more you learn: Education Today’ Australian Sociology Pearson Education Australia, Sydney, pp.217-244.
Whitty, G. (2001) Education, social class and social Exclusion. Journal of Education Policy, 16(4) pp 287-295.
Individuals who attend institutions of higher learning offer many benefits to society as a whole. Some social benefits realized from those with a higher education include increases in the individual’s volunteer activity, as well as increase in overall individual health and well-being. A report from Analyst Diana Wardell, entitled “The Benefits of Higher Education,” states that individuals who did not complete high school made up 9.9% of those who volunteer their time, while those with a high school diploma made up 21.7%. Those who have some college experience made up 34.1%, and those with a Bachelor’s Degree made up 45.6 percent of those who volunteered their time. Additionally, those with a high school diploma, with an income ranging from $35,000-$54,000, 62%, report to be in excellent or very good health, while 73% of those with a Bachelor’s Degree, in the same income bracket, reported to be in excellent or very good health (Wardell, Benefits). Similarly, an article e...
Brazil is the largest country in South America and one of the most influential. The geography of Brazil is mostly flat to rolling lowlands in the northern areas along with plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt in the southern region (brazil.org.za, 2015). The area is rich in natural resources such as timber forests and mineral resources such as iron ore, diamonds, quartz and petroleum (Gigli, 2015). While Brazil’s economy has been commodity based in recent years technology investors have begun to establish business there a Brazil begins to invest more in technology and science (Lowman, 2014) .