The Nature of Light
Thomas Young Theory.
Thomas Young was the first person to produce evidence on the wave
nature of light although he was not the first person to suggest that
light had a wave theory, this was also suggested by Christiaan
Huygens.
Experiment: Young’s double slit.
Thomas Young proposed that when two light beams interact they create
interference which can be constructive or destructive. The places
where constructive and destructive interference occur are subjected to
constant change, since electromagnetic waves emitted are capable of
varying phase. Using one light source and splitting it into two beams
you can create two coherent sources, meaning they are of identical
frequencies and have a constant phase difference.
The apparatus consists of a source matching the above requirements, a
screen with two very thin identical slits and a screen to view the
interference on.
In principle, a light bulb, or lamp can be used, but the light must be
reduced to a monochromic source with filters. It can also be done by
splitting the light into its various frequencies using a prism, a
frequency can be selected by channeling the light with a further
screen with only a pin prick in it to allow the light out. These days
lasers are used to provide the light source.
When the light is switched on, it travels up to the first screen and
is split into two beams by the slits, we have seen that when this
happens waves are diffracted and bulge outwards causing two curved
wave fronts to propagate the other side of the slits, at many places
between the slits and the viewing screen there are areas of
constructive interference and by moving the viewing screen it is
possible to get a picture of where they are occurring.
If we could calculate the intensity of the light along the screen (
this could be done by replacing the screen with a instrument such as a
photo-multiplier) we would see the following
Where the greatest intensity occurs at a point equidistant between the
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