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The NCLB Act
History
The NCLB Act was created from initiatives originally introduced in the Elementary and Secondary School Act. The Elementary and Secondary School Act designed by then Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel and was passed on April 9, 1965. This was less than three months after the bill was first introduced. President Lyndon B. Johnson launched the 'War on Poverty' this being the most important educational component of the war. (Schugurensky, 2002) Through special funding this act allowed underprivileged and impoverished children a chance to receive education that met up to national standards.
The special funding allotted more than 1 billion dollars to low income families to receive education that compared to affluent families. The Head Start program quickly grew out of this Act. In the Head Start program preschoolers received education that would prepare them for the challenges they would face in elementary schools the following year. (Amis, 2001) The ESEA was amended in 1968 to include the needs of children that had limited English speaking ability which eventually became the Bilingual Education Act. The NCLB presents a sweeping overhaul of federal efforts to support elementary and secondary education in the United States. The NCLB Act is built on four pillars, accountability for results, emphasis on doing what works, expanded parental options and expanded local controls and flexibility. (Toolkit, 2003)
Standards
criteria established by an educational institution to determine levels of student achievement.” (EBSCOhost Thesaurus) Each of these sets of standards may vary slightly state by state. A school that does not meet the criteria laid out by the state for two years running is labeled as n...
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...n, L. S. and Owings, W. A. (May 2003) The Politics of Teacher Quality. Volume 84 pp. 687-92 Retrieved: May 1 2004 From: EBSCO
Amis, K. (2001). Bush says reading is first. Thomas B. Fordham Foundation. Retrieved: Feb. 16 2004 from: www.edexcellence.net
U.S. Department of Education (2004) No child left behind overview. U.S. Department of Education, Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2004 from: www.ed.gov
What Works Clearinghouse (2002) Retrieved April 15 2004 from: www.w-w-c.org
Schugurensky, D. (2002) History of Education Retrieved: April 22 2004 from: http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/1965elemsec.html
(2003) The Elementary and Secondary Education Act in Washington
An overview Retrieved: April 22 2004 from: http://www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/
U.S. Department of Education (2003) A Toolkit for Teachers. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
The author states in “A New Deal for Teachers” that in America, especially in poorer school districts, teacher quality is lacking. In urban districts, out of the new teachers hired in the next three years, about half of them will quit (usually the quality ones). The recruitment of better teachers is, as the author says, the biggest problem in our education system. He states that he’s been told by urban teachers that many of their colleagues are incompetent. Contributing to this is that state requirements are very low, which allows poor quality teachers into schools. Miller explains that smart and competent people who want to be teachers, are getting more and more difficult to find. This is true mainly because there are fields of work that those
Domenico, Desirae M., Ph.D, and Karen H. Jones. "ERIC - Education Resources Information Center." Education Resources Information Center. N.p., Fall 2007. Web. 26 Dec. 2013.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) created a national curriculum that would be taught in every school in America. The No Child Left Behind Act plays an enormous role in the education system. It touches on a broad variety of issues relating to public education, including the dispersal of federal funds and parental choice in the case of failing schools and for the learning disabled.
Office of Management and Budget,. U.S. Department of Education. 21 February 2011.7 March 2011 . Washington D.C. Printing Office
Peske, Heather G., and Kati Haycock. "Teaching Inequality: How Poor and Minority Students Are Shortchanged on Teacher Quality: A Report and Recommendations by the Education Trust." Education Trust. N.p., June 2006. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is currently the educational policy in the United States. Prior to NCLB the educational policies in effect were “A Nation at Risk, in 1987 America 2000, and a few years later with Goals 2000” (Eisner, 2001, p.21). No Child Left Behind is a test based accountability system used in schools to measure their performance holding the districts, administrators and teachers liable and accountable for the outcomes. Supovitz (2009) States that No Child Left Behind was a major reform initiative intended to bring about widespread improvements in student performance and reduce inequities between ethnic groups and other traditionally under-served populations like economically disadvantaged students, students from major racial
Stanik, Mary, Ed (2007) Open to the Public: How Communities, Parents, and Students Assess the Impact of the "No Child Left Behind Act," 2004-2007--"The Realities Left Behind" http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED498400
The NCLB Act was signed by former President George Bush in 2002, which was created to improve student and achievement gaps. In the article, “No Child Left behind and the Transformation of Federal Education Policy”, Patrick J. McGuinn exclaimed, “No Child Left behind is an attempt by the federal government to regulate educational policy in the 50 states” (Patrick McGuinn,2007, p. 370). It is also designed to make sure that all students can achieve high standards from all states which include students with disabilities. Before the NCLB was passed, students with disabilities were excluded from school assessments. Now that this act was ...
As students in a Structure & Philosophy class, one of the main components has been to introduce and familiarize us with the No Child Left Behind Act. President Bush passed this legislation on January 8, 2002. The NCLB Act was designed to ensure each and every student the right to a fair education, to give parents more options in their child’s education, and to guarantee all teachers are highly qualified. By highly qualified, the act means teachers must have at least a bachelor’s degree, have full state certification or licensure, and have demonstrated competence in their subject areas (US Dept. of Education).
Marshall, K. (2005). It's Time to Rethink Teacher Supervision and Evaluation. Phi Delta Kappan, 86(10), 727-735.
The Elementary and Secondary School Act has been amended on seven different occasions, but the most current is No Child Left B (NCLB). This act is a direct result of the 1994 amendment to the ESEA Improving America’s Schools Act (IASA), which is a result of the Clinton Administration and Goals 2000. Goals 2000, an act signed into law on March 31, 1994, set in place eight goals concerning school readiness, school completion, student academic achievement, leadership in math and science, adult literacy, safe and drug-free schools, encouraging teacher professional development, and parental participation (Paris, 1994). After Clinton signed Goals 2000, the IASA was implemented and signed on October 20, 1994, the new amendment to the ESEA that allotted $11 billion for most federally funded K-12 programs and enacts what is considered to be the most important changes made since the original act was passed in 1965 (Education Week, 1994). NCLB is the 2001 U.S. Act in accordance with which educational standards in primary and secondary education should be improved for students with disabilities to achieve successful individua...
Besharov, Douglas. "Teachers Performance: A Review ." Journal of Policy Analyis and Management (2006): 1-41.
The NCLB Act, “was designed to improve education and achievement in America’s schools in four clearly defined ways: accountability for results, an emphasis on doing what works based on scientific research, expanded parental options and expanded local control flexibility.” Basically the Federal government funds schools for after-school programs to try to encourage school participation among students and reduce dropping out of school. Examples of after-school programs funded by the NCLB act are first and foremost tutoring, then extra-curricular activities such as sports, community service etc.
U.S. Department of Education. (2006). No Child Left Behind executive summary report. Retrieved September 14, 2006 from http://www.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/execsumm.html
Sadker, D.M., Sadker, M.P., and Zittleman, K.R.,(2008) Teachers, Students, and Society (8th ed.).New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.