Before drug administration you should use the multiple check system. This is when you order the entry, bar-coding, and technological checks. The best method for this is to use the manual redundancy system and the “5 rights and 3 checks” method. You also need the drug label information. You need the drug, form, and dosage strength on the drug label. Also needed is to check the medication administration records. The trade name s the brand name and the generic name is the official brand name, A drug label includes the unit of dose method which is important for the drug administration.
Ratios are a way of comparing parts of a whole to one another. Proportions are methods of expressing equality between two ratios. They are often used to find unknown quantities. The first and last terms of the proportion are called extremes and the second and third terms are called the means.
A solute is a substance dissolved in a solvent. solutions are made by using a solid and a liquid or a liquid and a liquid. Drug labels are important sources of information. Looking at a drug label can tell you the correct dosage information, the unit dose, the trade name, the generic name, and the dosage strength.
Parental must be in a liquid form before being administered. They are available in three forms. They can be in disposable syringes or cartridges, ampules and vials, or in dry form. Parental and parental drugs may be based on the patient’s weight. Many times dosages will be in kilograms instead of pounds.
The first step in calculating dosages based on dimensional analysis is to find the unit of measure being calculated. Then you should write the identified unit to be calculated followed by an equal sign. The last step is to write the dosage strength ...
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...erse reactions to expect, and reactions that should be reported. Nurses should decide what knowledge the patient is lacking and then plan a teaching session that directly pertains to a specific area of need.
Vague uneasiness or apprehension that manifest itself in varying degrees from expressions of concern about drug regimen to total lack of compliance with the drug regimen decreases with understand of therapeutic regimen.
Evaluation is the decision making process that involves determining effectiveness of nursing interventions in meeting expected outcomes. Evaluation can be used to decide if the patient or family member understands the drug regimen. Evaluation is also used to evaluate the patients response to therapy. Nurses should check the patient’s or family’s understanding of the drug regimen noting if one or both seem to understand the presented material.
...estions if not 100% sure of something or use a double checking system. When a nurse is administrating medication, they should use the ten rights of medication administration (right patient, right drug, right route, right time, right dose, right documentation, right action, right form, right response, and right to refuse). Nurses should always keep good hand hygiene and always wear appropriate clothing to prevent from the spread of disease. Good communication with patients and healthcare team members is also key to success. Keeping on the eye on the patient within an appropriate time is important. If the patient ever seems to be looking different than their usual self vitals should be taken immediately. Encouraging patients to ask questions if they are unaware of something can prevent errors as well. Nurses should make sure the patient is on the same page as they are.
A team led by RN, should mentally prepare their patients to understand their responsibility towards good health. This can be done by showing them special documentaries during their stay in the hospital, in a common room where other patients can also join them in a group of six to twelve. After the session, patients should be given a short comments form with multiple choice answers (Appendix A). The purpose is to check their positivity towards the message conveyed through the documentary. At this time patient's vitals should be checked and recorded for the future
Some method such as audits, chart reviews, computer monitoring, incident report, bar codes and direct patient observation can improve and decrease medication errors. Regular audits can help patient’s care and reeducate nurses in the work field to new practices. Also reporting of medication errors can help with data comparison and is a learning experience for everyone. Other avenues that has been implemented are computerized physician order entry systems or electronic prescribing (a process of electronic entry of a doctor’s instructions for the treatment of patients under his/her care which communicates these orders over a computer network to other staff or departments) responsible for fulfilling the order, and ward pharmacists can be more diligence on the prescription stage of the medication pathway. A random survey was done in hospital pharmacies on medication error documentation and actions taken against pharmacists involved. A total of 500 hospital were selected in the United States. Data collected on the number of medication error reported, what types of errors were documented and the hospital demographics. The response rate was a total of 28%. Practically, all of the hospitals had policies and procedures in place for reporting medication errors.
Medications very often are kept in unlabeled containers which are difficult to identify. This goal attempts to deal with this unsafe practice which neglects basic principles of safe medication management
Implementing technology in a clinical setting is not easy and cannot be successful without a well-organized system. It is important that healthcare providers understand the electronic medication administration record (eMAR) and its role in improving patient safety. One of the most significant aspects of healthcare is the safety of our patients. Medication errors account for 44,000-98,000 deaths per year, more deaths than those caused by highway accidents or breast cancer. Several health information technologies help to reduce the number of medication errors that occur. Once of these technologies is bar-code-assisted medication administration (BCMA). These systems are designed to ensure that the right drug is being administered via the right
When administering medications it is critical to pay great attention to the task at hand. This task becomes more important when administering medications to the elderly because of the different physiological and psychological changes that occur in the body. Equally important are, the lab values related to the medications being administered, differences in administering medications to the elderly, and the use of the six rights and three checks.
Bar code administration is being incorporated into the medication administration process across healthcare to increase patient safety and reduce medication errors
Safe and competent medication practice requires using the seven rights of medication administration. The rights are: Right Medication - This means that the medication that is given is the right medication. Right Patient -Giving the medication to the patient for whom it was intended. Right Dosage-This means that the patient is given the dose that was ordered and the dose is appropriate for the patient. Right Route – meaning the medication is given only the route that was ordered and that the routes safe and appropriate for the patient. Right Time -This means that the drug was given at the correct time as ordered or according to agency policy. Right Reason- This is important to make sure the right medication was ordered. Right Documentation-Nurses
Precision of a patient’s intravenous medication is essential; it must be safe from. contamination, toxicity, and side effects. Most people believe these medications are compounded or mixed by a trained and licensed individual. However, this is inaccurate because the pharmacy technician actually compounds a large percentage of a patient’s medications. Compounding involves a technician’s math skills, aseptic technique, and professional ethics.... ...
A registered nurses job is to take care of the patients and give the patients support (“Registered Nurses” para.1). To be a registered nurse, you need to have skills. If you don’t have enough skill, you need to improve them even though it takes a little hard work and motivation. You do need to be able to talk in front of people, see the patients condition, and understand the patients (Registered nurses” para.9). Registered nurses should ask appropriate questions and shouldn’t interrupt the patient. Nurses should be aware of others reactions and why they are reacting the way they are. Nurses always look for ways to help the patient. Nurses use logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their patients (“Occupation” para.19). Registered nurses must provide person assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to co-workers, customers, and patients. Nurses must be organized, must plan, and prioritize their work. Nurses need to keep up to date and should apply new knowledge to their job (“Occupation”para.23). Nurses must be emotionally stable, must have speaking skills, and have compassion towards the patients (“Registered Nurses”para.14). To b...
... a person stop and reconsider the decisions regarding the use of such extreme medications.
The underlying key action here is to communicate with the patient and their carers about what this means, patient become very attached to their medicines and it is a hard concept to grasp that a drug that was given to possibly prolong their life is now being stopped.
The Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 recognizes that beneficiaries who reside in long term care facilities have needs for specialized pharmacy services, have access to a pharmacist 24 hours per day, seven days per week, and emergency deliveries of medication to assure residents receive timely access to appropriate medication therapies (CMS, 2014). To meet this type of service, many long term care facilities have contract with long-term care pharmacies (LTCP).
Pharmacology is the science of drugs (from Greek pharmakos which means medicine or drug; and logos which means study). In actual use, it's meaning is limited to the study of how drugs and other substances affect our bodies. It has been defined as an experimental science which studies how substances that have entered our bodies affect our organism. The main tasks of pharmacologists are screening for desired activity, determining mode of action, and quantifying drug activity when chemical methods are not available.[1]
• The computer is becoming the key factor of hospital pharmacy practice. Enhancement of computer technology is essential to assist the hospital pharmacist in keeping all relevant data in order to provide optimal oversight of drug therapy. As more data become available on drugs, the factor which place the patient at risk for developing reactions to drug, pharmacist must place less reliance on committing all facts to memory and recognize that the computer is a necessary solution to optimizing patient care.