Introduction The use of wasta to hire employees, or transact important business in companies is an age old behavior that has been in existence for many years. Here, individuals often use their influential capacity (wasta) operational in a trusted network of relatives (or other trusted but powerful members of the society) to acquire job/business opportunities (Hansen 1996). Although one can argue that the use of wasta can be beneficial in creating a network of trust for business organizations, as it will become clear here, its justification cannot withstand moral theories that should ideally apply to all business transactions within an organization. Moreover, with the present social costs in our society that have arisen through the use of wasta, it is impossible to justify the use of wasta in hiring and performing business transactions. Let us consider an example of a wasta ethical dilemma. Someone has just graduated from a university with a bachelor degree in business and is seeking employment. When applying for an employment opportunity, he undergoes an interviewing process after which he gets an evaluation of his chances of securing the job from his interviewer. Being honest with him, she (the interviewer) tells the interviewee that his chances of obtaining the given job are little since there are other candidates that have obtained higher scores during the interviewing process. At this moment, the interviewee starts wrestling with the idea of using wasta to contact his uncle who can effortlessly secure this particular job for him. How will he make his decision here? Let us consider the theory of utilitarianism. What one does here is judged from a threshold that measures how one’s act will affect the majority... ... middle of paper ... ... through the use of corruption that societal resources are diverted from improving the wellbeing of societal members (William 1973). Conclusion The practice of favoring persons apart from merit to secure job vacancies, as it is the case when wasta is employed by someone to secure a job vacancy, is the one that is well embedded in our society. When the three business theories that I have described in this paper are considered, one can see that such an act of ‘job favoritism’ is morally unacceptable. Moreover, when the consequences of such behavior on our society are considered, it can be seen clearly that the described kind of behavior has led to a number of societal burdens that we experience today. It is therefore necessary for all morally upright persons (in whatever sense: virtuous, deontological or utilitarian) to desist from such kind of behavior.
Moral Theories A. Morality comes from God. Therefore, moral behavior is that behavior that conforms to the will of God. Immoral behavior defies the will of God. The will of God is correctly interpreted by the Church. Rating: 6. I was feeling this one, until the last sentence. There are so many denominations, and the reason is that they disagree with one another. Many religions interpret what the will of God is differently, not to mention incorrectly. I do believe that a big part of morality
Deontological moral theory is a Non-Consequentialist moral theory. While consequentialists believe the ends always justify the means, deontologists assert that the rightness of an action is not simply dependent on maximizing the good, if that action goes against what is considered moral. It is the inherent nature of the act alone that determines its ethical standing. For example, imagine a situation where there are four critical condition patients in a hospital who each need a different organ in
Human Nature and Moral Theory in Plato’s Republic In Chapter 2 of Republic, Glaucon uses the Myth of the Lydian Shepherd to portray a pessimistic view of human nature. Plato, the author of Republic, uses his brother Glaucon to tell the Myth of the Lydian Shepherd. We are led to believe that Plato takes the myth and its implications on human nature very seriously by use of a personal character. The argument, originally given by Thrasymachus, contends that at the root of our human nature we
determine the moral difference between Deontological moral theory and Utilitarianism with regard to the changing of lives on a chance twist of fate with the brakes blowing out of the Trolley excursion. To turn or not to turn that is the question. Weather it is nobler of the heart and mind to follow the path of one and not the other remains a personal choice. I talked about this assignment with several people, probing their minds for a moral perspective and to see what the moral majority thought
Moral Theory and Personal Relationships In his article "The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories," Michael Stocker argues that mainstream ethical theories, namely consequentialism and deontology, are incompatible with maintaining personal relations of love, friendship, and fellow feeling because they both overemphasise the role of duty, obligation, and rightness, and ignore the role of motivation in morality. Stocker states that the great goods of life, i.e. love, friendship, etc., essentially
satisfactory moral theory would be like. Rachels says a “satisfactory theory would be realistic about where human beings fit in the grand scheme of things” (Rachels, 173). Even though there is an existing theory on how humans came into this world there is not enough evidence to prove the theory to be correct. In addition to his belief of knowing how our existence came into play, he also has a view on the way we treat people and the consequences of our actions. My idea of a satisfactory moral theory would
The purpose of moral panic theories are to create a society’s consensus towards an incident, individual or a group of people that are a threat to society’s expectations and values (Cohen). The media often constructs moral panic in a stereotypical sense around criminal events and these panics are targeted towards youth. The outcome of moral panic is the government will respond by introducing new laws or policies that prevent criminal behaviour. Today, Australia is known as a multicultural society
Essay 5: On Moral Relativism Yifei Wu 1. Introduction People sometimes differ greatly in their views about moral issues. Some claim that abortion is permissible while others consider it morally unacceptable. Some believe cannibalism was essential to survival while others find it offensive. Recognizing the great extent of moral disagreements, some contemporary philosophers start to wonder whether morality is absolute in its nature. They propose a theory known as Moral Relativism, which holds that
Philosophers attempt to answer arduous questions about the morality of certain actions if they were to be performed by justifying whether different theories can be applied to certain situations. In the text, Moral Theory: An Introduction, the case of Jim is a hypothetical situation that questions the morality of one’s actions that can be rationalized by two theories, classical act utilitarianism and rule consequentialism. In this case, the captain of a military group captured twenty Indians who are rebelling
Imagine a disaster. Rather, imagine August 6th, 1945 when the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima. Or October 17th, 1989, the 6.9 Richter earthquake that destroyed San Francisco, killing 60 plus civilians. Or April 20th, 1999, the deadliest school shootings in history, Columbine. September 11th, 2001 a terrorist attack on one of the world’s tallest buildings (the world trade center) in the heart of New York City. August 23rd, 2005 a category five hurricane that
The Theory of Moral Development The Theory of moral development was founded by the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. He argued that starting from infancy extending throughout adulthood, we develop a moral compass that guides us through our life. Each moral judgment can be categorized into three levels, pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality, with each level encompassing two stages. As we grow older and gain new experiences, we begin to view the world differently
Moral Truths Objective Moral Truths are truths that are thought to be true regardless of how an individual feels or thinks about those truths. An example of an Objective Moral truth is that a diet lacking of nutritional foods like sodas and Twinkies will not allow for a long, healthy life. This example is accepted by all persons regardless of their feelings or thoughts about fat enriched foods. The theory of Objective Moral Truths is often debated alongside the theory of Subjectivism and the Divine
thing about ethical theory, however, is not that there are so many theories, but that there are really very few. Most of contemporary ethical theory is governed by two basic theories, with an additional five or six theories taking up the vast majority of the rest of the discussion. Over the course of the next few pages I will explain to you the basics of eight different ethical theories: utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, contractarianism, feminist or care-based ethics, natural law theory, Confucian ethics
Compare and contrast two theories of child development Moral development Moral development is the understanding of what 's right and what 's wrong . This is what is needed in life to make the right decisions in life the moral development is based on child 's experiences and environment . The theorist that I have chosen is Piaget and Kohlberg theory’s . Jean Piaget was the first psychologist to suggest a theory of moral development .He believed that there was three stages
cited by Psychology 216, 2009). From this, the moral reasoning theory was developed based on the thinking of the University of Harvard Profession Lawrence Kohlberg and inspired by renowned philosophers Jean Piaget, John Dewey and James Baldwin Barger, 2000). It suggests that forms of aggression is related to the stage of moral reasoning or ethics amongst athletes who respect reward commitments in sports (see figure 1) Figure 1: Kohlberg 6 stages of moral reasoning identifying the social orientation