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Annotated bibliography on montessori education
Benefits of montessori vs traditional
Benefits of montessori vs traditional
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The Montessori Method (Word count includes Annotated Bibliography)
The Montessori method began in the early 1900's by the first female doctor in Italy, Dr. Mary Montessori, as a way of educating mentally disabled children. Her ideas were so successful with these children that she began to apply her understanding of learning to study the potential of normally functioning children (Oalf, 2001). Dr. Montessori's approach to education stresses the importance of learning styles, independence and responsibility.
According to Maria Montessori, 'In the special environment prepared?in our schools, the children themselves found a sentence that expresses their inner need, 'Help me to help myself.' ? (Standing, 1957). The ?prepared environment?, according to Montessori, consists of clean, bright, multi-sensory stimulating materials that are engaging for the child and that are placed in at their level so they can be accessed freely. There is a concentration on ?discovery moments?, defined as when a child learns new information through personal exploration (Fisher, 1964), in reading, math, social skills, and other subjects. The guided discovery approach means careful planning and direction for the child and that adults must know the purpose and meaning of each activity the child chooses in the classroom. Montessori teachers attempt to instill an internal drive into the children using this child-centered approach to teaching. An example of this is the use of mats or rugs in the classroom. Each child has a mat or rug to spread their materials out on. Every other child is respectful of this child?s space and he/she, in turn, is respectful of others. The result of this approach is a classroom full of self-monitoring students.
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...cation Week, 21, 24. Retrieved April 14, 2004 from ERIC/EBSCO database.
This article discusses the difference between direct instruction and the Montessori method, using the example of one school in Texas, which offers parents a choice of which instruction they would like for their child. The end of this article tells that test results from each classroom turn out about equal, despite the radically different teaching approach. This is because different children do well in different types of classrooms.
Zad, M. (1990, November 18). Montessori way highlights video for preschoolers. The Washington Post, pp. y.08.
This is a local article taken from The Washington Post regarding the use of video in Montessori classrooms. The use of video technology corresponds with the Montessori method if it is stimulating to the child and aids in discovery learning.
When Johnson took over the Presidency following the assassination of Kennedy, he was determined to push through the Great Society agenda. President Johnson used the recent death as a reason to quickly enact laws for social reform in memory of Kennedy. Despite Republican opposition, Johnson was able to get the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 passed through congress,
Martin Luther King was an inspirational figure in his time because he helped begin the civil rights movement through his courage and bravery. Martin was an African American born in a time where race was the major factor for weather you were treated with respect or treated very poorly and treated as if you were slaves His story begins when he was an executive member in the NAACP but his fight for equality in the American South happened out of sheer luck. Martin was picked to host a meeting to support an African American woman named Rosa Parks, she had been arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white person on a bus. Since King’s church was the closest church in the down town area his church was chosen.
... He fought his way to do everything he could to end our nations poverty and he made medical insurance available for the elders above the age of 65. He wanted everyone to be equal and have equal rights so he passed four different legislations such as; The Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Immigration Acts, and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment. These all outlawed discrimination against races and origins. He also helped form the education program by designing a preschool program for children. By creating the Job Corps Youth training program, it created equal opportunity to obtain and maintain a job in the work force. Overall, Lyndon B. Johnson was a wonderful man that accomplished so many different goals and truly helped America’s society, poverty, and made sure that everyone was equal. He is an above average president with a kind heart that made America a better place.
During Johnson’s presidency, the federal government significantly extended its domestic responsibilities in attempt to transform the nation to what Johnson called the “Great Society,” in which poverty and racial intolerance ceased to exist. A previously unsurpassed amount of legislation was passed during this time; numerous laws were passed to protect the environment, keep consumers safe, reduce unfairness in education, improve housing in urban areas, provide more assistance to the elderly with health care, and other policies to improve welfare. Johnson called for a “War on Poverty,” and directed more funds to help the poor; government spending towards the poor increased from six billion in 1964 to twenty-four and a half billion dollars in 1968. Not only did Johnson improve the American economy and greatly reduce poverty, but he also advocated for racial equality; he managed to get Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, making segregation illegal in public accommodations/institutions. He also enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965, prohibiting literacy tests in areas in which the amount of voters was under a certain number, which forced many southern states to allow more blacks to vote. As a result of his presidency, the poor and minorities enjoyed significant benefits from the more favorable legislations and more successful American legislation.
Colored folks lived with other colored folk and the white people lived with other white people.The Finch family was an exception. They were a white household with a rare trait, their housekeeper is black. This was rare because in that society white people did not interact with black people. Calpurnia, the housekeeper, is portrayed to act like a mother to Mr. Finch’s kids, Jem and Scout. She teaches them right from wrong and even takes them to church. Calpurnia is not like the rest of the colored folk, she can read and write properly. This, however, causes her to live a double life when she is around other black people, because then the blacks will think Calpurnia likes the white people better than her own race. Since s...
In a research article by Gallet (2004), several aspects of the clean indoor-air laws were closely examined. Set apart from other literature on the same topic, Gallet (2004) proposed that the degree of enforcement of these laws was just as important as the laws themselves. States that maintained the most restrictive clean-air laws encouraged much more competition within the cigarette industry; hence prices were adjusted closer to marginal cost which caused the availability of supply to increase (Gallet, 2004). Conversely, Keeler, Barnett, Manning, & Sung (1996) concluded that the price adjustment closer to marginal demand could be explained as an attempt to compensate for the reduction of demand caused by the antismoking laws. Regardless of the opinions of the papers on this aspect of the clean indoor-air laws, both agreed that state regulations that prohibit or limit smoking in public places decreased the cigarette demand.
The famous writer, Shakespeare, was said to have been born in Stratford as the first son to John and Mary Shakespeare on either the 21st, 22nd, or 23rd of April 1564. Most assume that Shakespeare’s birth occurred on the 23rd where then; he was baptized three days later on April 26, 1564. When he was five years of age, Shakespeare attended King’s New School at Stratford. Around 1574 or 1574 Shakespeare graduated from the Lower school to the Upper. There is no record telling how long Shakespeare had spent at King’s New School. There is a chance that Shakespeare was also apprenticed at his father’s shop. In 1582 Shakespeare became associated with the eldest daughter of the Hathaway family. In November of that year, Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway were licensed to marry but the court of Worcester. The couple had approximately three children together: Susanna, Hamnet, and Judith. Susanna was born in 1583 and the twins were born two years after. The time after this, from 1585 -1592, became known as the lost years as there are little known about Shakespeare in that period of time. It is assumed that around 1590 Shakespeare left Stratford to London and began his play writing career. Shakespeare’s first play had been Henry VI, Part One. Then in 1593, the theatres became closed due to the bubonic plague and reopen the next year. During that ...
Morrison, G. S. (1976). Chapter 6: Early Childhood Programs APPLYING THEORIES TO PRACTICE. In Early childhood education today (10th ed., pp. 5-31). Columbus, Ohio: Merrill.
Sri Arunachaleswarar Temple is a Hindu Temple dedicated to the deity lord Siva, located at the base of Annamalai Hills in the town of Thiruvannamalai, South India, there has been a massive surge in devotees workshipping at sri Arunachaleswarar Temple and walking the Giripradakshina path around the Theyu (Fire) Jyothir Lingam Mountain of Arunachaleswarar, especially at the time of Full Moon Day.
There are basic Montessori methods. They are: The teacher must pay attention to the child, rather than the child paying attention to the teacher, the child proceeds at his/her own pace in an environment controlled to provide means of learning, and Imaginative teaching materials are the hear...
Owen Gibson, (2014, Feb 18). More than 500 Indian workers have died in Qatar since 2012, figures show. Retrieved on May 27, 2014 from:
In April of 1564 in an area of England known as Stratford upon Avon, William Shakespeare was born. Although his work can be found around the world and in various languages, Shakespeare’s personal life remains a mystery. What is understood about Shakespeare’s personal life can be found in his plays, poems, and publicly recorded information.(William Shakespeare 1). Although there is no birth record of Shakespeare it can be estimated that he was born on April 23, 1564 and he was baptized at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford upon Avon April 26, 1564. Shakespeare was born into a prominent family his father, John was a Glover and merchant, and his mother Mary inherited a lot of wealth (Shakespeare, William 1). William gr...
This may be due to the availability substitutes good likes illegal cigarettes. After Deputy Health Minister Datuk Seri Hilmi Yahaya announced that he is planning to increase the tobacco tax, there are many people stated that most of the smokers may change to illegal cigarettes which are more dangerous and harmful than legal cigarettes (Dr Saunthari Somasundaram, 2017). The hike in excise duty on tobacco leds the price of cigarettes increase of between 23% to 26% for each cigarette pack. This makes the sales volume of legal cigarette dropped and sales volume of illegal cigarette has been driven up. Some of the smokers may change to cheaper illegal cigarettes as the retail price is much different between legal and illegal cigarettes which is RM17 for legal cigarettes pack compared to RM3 for illegal pack (Adeline Paul Raj, 2016). Independent studies conducted that over 50% of illegal cigarettes are consumed in the country. There are about 8 millions of illegal cigarettes were coming to Malaysia each year. A continuous rise in excise tax on tobacco in Malaysia from 2012 to 2014, illustrated a decrease in legal cigarettes consumption, but the illegal cigarettes consumption still at the same level (Tharanya Arumugam, 2017). But most of the people still believed that increased in excise
... such a manner that its curriculum framework is open to interpretation enough to be adapted to most if not all child-centered early years educational approaches. Montessori has a structured curriculum, which while not as flexible as High/Scope can still adapt to Aistear’s framework into their own set curriculum using already established Montessori exercises. In addition, Montessori and High/scope both share an emphasis on the importance of the prepared environment for the children, which is in accordance of Síolta, without which the Aistear framework cannot be successfully undertaken.
When I began the unit, I believed that unless you sent your child to a Montessori or a Steiner school, you were basically getting the same pedagogy wherever you went. Killen (2007) states, “in the past 30 years our understanding of how people have learnt has changed dramatically. New approaches to cognitive research and developmental psychology suggest that learning is a much more individualised process than was previously thought” (p.2). I did not realise that there had been so much research on ...