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Raw water undergoes coarse screen to eliminate floating material of fairly large size as preliminary treatment for the next step. These floating or submerged debris would damage pumps or block inlets, hence it i... ... middle of paper ... ...ater treatment. London, UK: Thomas Telford Limited. Hendricks, D. W. (2006). Water treatment unit processes: Physical and chemical.
Floods are natural hazards that have shaped the landscape of our environment over thousands of years. Recently, the effect of floods has been intensified by the sustained population growth, changes in land use, and climate change with more intense rainfall patterns. The impact of these effects depends on the extent of the flood and temporal nature of their occurrence, as well as on the vulnerability and associated risk of the exposed communities and elements (infrastructure, ecosystems, etc). Most flood hazards result from insufficient drainage systems, breaching or topping of levees or dams, and intense rainfall events (Kulkarni, et al., 2014). One of the most devastating effects of flood events is the loss of life, along with the damage to properties.
Generally, application rates consider nutrient volatilization, nutrient availability, method of application of the waste material, as well as cropping system utilized. Another water quality problem that has emerged from anaerobic lagoons is seepage. Seepage from lagoons to surrounding groundwater or surface water resources can pose a threat to human health, as well as toxicity to aquatic life. Excessive nitrogen in drinking water is belie... ... middle of paper ... ...e ponds: A case study. .
This implies that different life forms are affected in one way or the other given the effect of temperature on life. Different species of flora and fauna have and continue to suffer the effect of climatic changes. Coral reef is one of seawater features that have been affected by climatic changes. This has led to destruction through coral bleaching and increased mortality, especially due to the warming of the sea that causes an increase in sea water levels (Bakerl, Glynn & Riegl, 2008). An increase in global temperature also increases ocean acidification (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007).
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