The Millennium Development Goals Of The United Nations
argumentative Essay
1286 words
IAt the turn of the 20th century and the dawn of the new millennium, 189 Member States of the United Nations assembled at the United Nations and adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration (General Assembly resolution 55/2). The Millennium Declaration was agreed to establish a just and lasting peace all over the world in accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The Millennium Declaration further emphasized the collective responsibility of all nations with regard to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global and national levels. The goals represent a vision for the future with time-bound targets by which progress can be measured. This future aspiration embrace the ambition of a world with less poverty, hunger and disease, greater survival prospects for mothers and their infants, better educated children, equal opportunities for women and a healthier environment. A world in which developed and developing countries will work in partnership for the betterment of all human kind.
“No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable” (Adam Smith, 1776). Recognizing the problem, the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations also contain a commitment to halve the proportion of the world’s population living in extreme poverty by 2015. This is the central objective of the Millennium Development Goals. It directly reflects the intentions expressed in the Millennium Declaration which includes two targets, the first addresses extreme poverty and inequality –Target 1A, formerly Target 1, and the second target refers to hunger and malnutrition –Target 1C, formerly Target 2. By early 2008, and in the context of the...
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...e than 1 billion people were undernourished in 2009 (MDGs report 2010). Despite the reversal in global trends, at the regional and national level there are some encouraging signs. Between the baseline period of 1990-92 and 2004-06, 11 out of 103 developing countries already reached the target and 45 are on-track.
The extreme poverty in Asia and the Pacific that affects around 900 million people questions the long-term sustainability of the region’s economic growth and development. About one in every six persons in the region suffers from malnourishment, and about one in three children is underweight. These problems are particularly severe in South Asia and Southeast Asia. With its 1.6 billion people, South Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. It represents the paradoxes of rapid economic growth and extreme poverty. Due to the size, expanse
In this essay, the author
- Describes the united nations millennium declaration as a vision for the future with time-bound targets by which progress can be measured.
- Explains that the millennium development goals contain a commitment to halve the proportion of the world's population living in extreme poverty by 2015.
- Describes the mdg 1, its targets, and indicators.
- Analyzes the growth rate of gdp per person employed, the employment-to-population ratio, and the proportion of self-account and contributing family workers.
- Explains that the present chapter has been divided into four sections. the first section describes the current estimates and outlook of mdg 1 at global level and provides the comparison of poverty and hunger in india with other countries.
- Explains that the economic and financial crisis of the past two years has deepened the challenge of poverty reduction even further.
- Predicts that global poverty will fall to 15 percent by 2015, leaving 918 million people below the poverty line. sub-saharan africa is projected to fall short of the mdg target.
- Explains that the lack of progress in creating productive and decent jobs with stagnant farm productivity in many rural areas has been major reasons for the persistence of poverty.
- Explains that the mdg 1 c target "reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger" is among the worst performing of all m.d.
- Explains that the extreme poverty in asia and the pacific that affects around 900 million people questions the long-term sustainability of the region’s economic growth and development.
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- The Dependency Theory: The Dependency Theoryexplanatory essaySome believe that it is impossible to truly solve the crisis of global poverty, while others simply cannot agree upon the best way to go about it. The Sustainable Development Goals that have just been implemented aim to end extreme poverty by the year 2030. This is a comprehensive plan that aims to address all root causes of poverty. Many nations are on board with these goals and are working towards creating and implementing initiatives and policies to achieve them. For the purposes of this goal, extreme poverty is considered those that live on or under $1.25 a day.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that wealthier nations see poorer nations as a buffet. they take what they need or want and leave all the rest without plans of replenishing the supply. this is seen as an "exploitive" relationship that often results in war.
- Opines that the dependency theory is a very different approach than the others, but it risks being too narrow and does not account for other types of international relationships. power is at the center of this theory.
- Opines that international security is an issue that is always relevant, but is recently dominating the news cycle. the power players in the international system are being forced to come together to combat this unrest.
- Explains the "golden arches theory" that pertains to international political economies. the theory essentially says that developed democratic countries are less likely to go to war.
- Explains trade restrictions are increasing in light of recent terrorist attacks, and policies and trade agreements are being reviewed. countries are forced to examine their policies on accepting refugees and decide the effects on their nation considering the security, social and economic components of the equation.
- Opines that the international system is on shaky ground. there are attempts being made to address and counteract threats and corruption.
- Explains that global poverty is a problem with deep roots. the problem lies behind simple financial status, and extends across many dimensions.
- Opines that impoverished nations hold little power in the international system and are of little importance from the realism viewpoint. they are not typically a threat militarily or socially.
- Explains that poverty is viewed as an internal issue, which is essential to solve in order to create balance in the international system.
- Opines that the issue of global poverty is relevant to the dependency/revolutionary viewpoint. solving it would prove well to those who subscribe to this theory.
- Opines that the debate in the field of global poverty is the best way to end it, the way in which it is measured, and the actual effects that it has.
- Explains that the sustainable development goals aim to end extreme poverty by 2030. many nations are on board with these goals and are working towards creating and implementing initiatives to achieve them.
- Explains that there has been an influx of data on poverty since the implementation of the millennium development goals in 1990. skeptics have criticized everything from the types of polls and surveys used to collect the data.
- Opines that liberalists believe that at its core, each nation is inherently good with good intentions, but corrupt governments, rebels, radical groups, etc., ultimately control the nation.
- Explains that nations should have their affairs in order internally, which contributes to a stable effective international system. however, when the nation doesn't have the knowledge or resources to combat the issue at hand, the responsibility shifts.
1223 wordsRead More - Poverty Essayanalytical essayMore than $3billion people in the world which is nearly half of the world’s population are living on less than $2.50 a day and more than $1.3 billion live in extreme poverty which is less than$1.25 a day. (Unicef 2013). One third of deaths a year are cause by poverty. An estimate of 600 million children live in absolute poverty, every year more than 10 million innocent children die of hunger and PREVENTABLE diseases, such as diaorreah, pneumonia and malaria 19 million kids worldwide remain unvaccinated, even a simple net would prevent malaria. During 2011, 165 million kids under the age of 5 were stunted( reduced rate of growth and development) due to chronic malnutrition 870 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat. More than half a million women die in pregnancy and child birth every year… one death a minute. Why do we have cases of poverty in 2014? “Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it’s an act of justice. Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man made an it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings”. Mandela (2005). It’s heart breaking that in this day and age there are children dying of hunger, and easily preventable diseases. Poverty reduction is one of the most dominant themes in current scholarship, policy formation and international discussion on economic development. A sign of it importance is shown by the fact that the very first target of the millennium development goals (MDG) is in fact to reduce the people living under $1 a day by half by 2015. Relative to this dissertation the role of economic growth in in poverty reduction is of high importance. Substantial and lasting reductions, if not complete eradication of poverty has been and will continue to b...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that poverty is not a task of charity, but an act of justice. it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings.
- Argues that the relationship between growth, distributional change, and poverty reduction must be studied in a way that allows for country heterogeneity but remains tractable.
- Explains the simplification of the poverty line in relation to mean incomes.
- Explains that income elasticity of poverty (iep) measures the relationship between income and the effects it has on poverty rates in countries selected.
- Analyzes the relationship between income growth and poverty reduction, stating that the poor are the ones who suffer from economic contraction.
- Argues that there are irreconcilable positions regarding the proportion of the world's poorest get pleasure from economic process fuelled by larger openness to foreign trade and investment.
- Explains that poverty tends to fall with growth in mean household income. the horizontal axis is the annualized change in real income value in the survey mean.
- Defines income elasticity of poverty (iep) as the percentage reduction in poverty rates associated with a percentage change in mean per capita income.
- Explains that among african countries where the lack of growth appears to have been the main culprit, there are substantial disparities in terms of the ability of countries to translate growth to poverty reduction.
- Opines that as an alternative to the current 7 percent average annual gdp growth that is generally accepted as the required rate for many developing countries to attain mdg1, poverty could be achieved.
- Explains that inequality is a majour issue when calculating the income elasticity of poverty, but growth is more important for poverty reduction than changes in inequality.
- Concludes that absolute poverty in developing countries tends to fall with growth, which is supported by bruno et al (1998) empirical relationship survey.
- Explains that bourguignon (2002) states that there is an overall declining relationship between poverty and income, but this isn't always the case.
- Analyzes how nigeria is one of the most corrupt countries in the world, with the rich exploiting the poor.
- Explains that brazil cut the poverty rate from 17.1 percent to 7.8 percent over the same period. costa rica's gdp growth was more than twice that of brazil.
- Explains that the country's poverty rate rose from 4.0 percent to 19.6 percent over the same period.
2978 wordsRead More - Can We Reduce Extreme Poverty?analytical essayWe entered the 21st Century with 6.6 billion people and our generation’s challenges become bigger. Reading an article on worldhunger.org I found out that according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, one person in eight on this planet suffered from chronic undernourishment in 2010 to 2012 (p. 2). Extreme poverty is an extremely debated issue and it’s about today’s world population that live with one dollar a day. 70% of them live on the African continent and the rest are dispersed between Asia and South America, according to Paul Collier in The Bottom Billion (2007). Together with Jeffrey D. Sachs, the director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, they analyze the reasons of this major poverty and try to bring remedies to it.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that one in eight people on this planet suffered from chronic undernourishment, according to the united nations food and agriculture organization. extreme poverty is an extremely debated issue.
- Analyzes sachs' statement in his book, the end of poverty, which appeals to our generations' consciousness to take actions and stop this drift.
- Analyzes sachs' analysis that countries are caught up in poverty "traps" and that only outside aid is the solution to fight getting out of it.
- Describes sachs' three traps: the poverty trap, the physical geography trap, and the cultural barriers trap.
- Analyzes how sachs lays out his plan to save these countries from extreme poverty. his solutions are complex and require an extraordinary engagement from the rest of the world's population.
- Explains that paul collier, a professor of economics and an advisor to the british government's commission on africa, has different views on the extreme poverty causes and solutions.
- Analyzes how collier's solutions to economic development dispute the aid notion. he advises more military intervention from developed countries.
- Analyzes how robert thomas malthus warned about the increase of the world’s population and a future lack of food to sustain it.
- Opines that thomas piketty has new views about income inequality that is revolutionizing our modern world.
1694 wordsRead More - Sustainable Development Goals Essayexplanatory essayThe United Nations recently published a list of goals they hope to accomplish by 2030 called the Sustainable Development Goals. These goals will replace the Millennium Development Goals, which were set in 2000, when they expire at the end of 2015. Some of these goals include ending poverty, promoting gender equality, and improving water and sanitation conditions. Arguably, the most important goal is to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture” (in text citation- NY Times Article). Hunger was also an important goal on the MDG list, yet it was not fully accomplished (in text citation- Progress chart). The goals was to reduce hunger by half, and yet, the number of people who go to bed hungry
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united nations recently published a list of goals they hope to accomplish by 2030 called the sustainable development goals.
- Explains that the un published a progress chart to show which goals are being achieved. sub-saharan africa and southern asia have high hunger with only fair progress.
- Opines that the mdg to reduce hunger was not completely successful due to policies like the food and agriculture organization of the united nations (fao) and the european union's food facility.
- Explains that the second international conference on nutrition (icn2) discussed the importance of nutrient-dense foods and recognizing the different entry points for improving nutrition.
- Explains that bill and melinda gates are contributing to the sustainable development goal by setting four breakthroughs, one of which has to do with africa being able to feed itself by 2030.
1082 wordsRead More - Famine and Malnutritionexplanatory essayThe World Food Program has been extending funds and food donations in enormous amounts to countries that are in dire need of help. They’ve concluded that there are 842 million people who suffer from famine and malnutrition every day. The nations are coming together to solve malnutrition and famine by investing in good nutrition and productivity, which eventually creates economic opportunities for these countries that suffer from famine. The World Food Program has started the process o...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that famine and malnutrition is a problem that is plaguing almost everyone, everywhere. the causes range from natural disasters, poverty, lack of water, to corrupt governments.
- Explains that the world food program has been extending funds and food donations in enormous amounts to countries that are in dire need of help.
- Explains that the wfp is teaming up with small farmers who can barely grow enough food to support their family. the un has called agencies to warn them of famine and severe malnutrition in central african republic.
- Explains that madagascar is against famine and malnutrition, but is all for the help and assistance that is being handed out. because of deforestation in madagascar, trees have become a depleted food source.
- Opines that a work-for-food program would be solace for these countries that have been consumed with famine and malnutrition.
- Opines that madagascar is working toward a better country with the wfp and other un committees because of the deep famine thrust upon it by natural disasters, disorganization, and hordes of locus storms.
- Opines that there is no plausible reason another country would oppose madagascar's reasons. some countries may be envious that they aren't getting any aid, and claim that their country doesn'
534 wordsRead More - Efforts to Fight Against World Hungeropinion essayThe estimations of hunger play a big role in goal setting to help world hunger. Now making accurate estimations does not mean that world hunger is going to go away and that’s why it’s called estimation, because we can’t possibly get to every single person in this world and help him or her. But together we can get pretty darn close. In the new estimates of world hunger, the number of undernourished people was 1 billion in 1990-92 that has decreased to 870 in 2010-12. The goal for this millennium is to get down to 500 million people. In 2013, the world was estimated to be .033 away, or 234 million people, from reaching this target. Statistics from Global Hunger Relief are as followed: “1.02 billion people in the world do not have enough to eat. This means one sixth of humanity is undernourished. (FAO, 2009). Hunger and malnutrition are still the number one risks to health worldwide. (World Food Programme). In 2008, nearly 3 million children died before they re...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that world hunger is a problem mostly in still developing countries such as some places in africa.
- Explains that estimations of hunger play a big role in goal setting to help world hunger.
- Describes how organizations like free rice, unicef, global hunger relief, bread for the world, and world food programme help people suffering from hunger.
- Opines that everyone should always help others, whether it's donating, volunteering, or just helping in your neighborhood. if only we could all donate and volunteer we might be able to get rid of most of world hunger
728 wordsRead More - The Hunger Gamesopinion essayTo the United Nations, nearly a quarter of children under the age of five are expected to remain underweight in two thousand and fifteen. The World Health Organization has reported hunger and related malnutrition as the greatest single threat to the world's public health. Improving nutrition is widely regarded as the most effective form of aid. Nutrition-specific interventions, which address the immediate causes of under nutrition, have been proven to deliver among the best value for money of all development interventions. In Africa, rates have been increasing for malnourished people (Hanson 204-5). For hundreds of millions of people, starvation is a daily threat. In the poor nations of Africa, Asia, Latin America, billions of hungry people face starvation. It begins with an ache in your stomach that eventually weakens your heart and stops beating. Today about five billion of the world’s five point nine billion live in poor nations. (“Hunger and Malnutrition” web).
In this essay, the author
- Opines that if we could prevent sickness and have low income, the world would not be decreasing in population nearly as much.
- Summarizes alamo, katherine, and proquest's research on food insufficiency, family income, health in the us preschool and school aged children.
- Opines that hanson, holly, “the atlas of world hunger.” african studies review 54.1 (2011): 204-5.
- States that struble, m.b., and l.l. aomari, "position of the world dietetic association: addressing world hunger, malnutrition,
- Analyzes uphaus, charles, and the role of agriculture in ending world hunger.
- Explains that the movie the hunger games portrays the struggles between different sectors of society.
- Explains that hunger is not caused by a lack of food. the united states has more trouble fighting poverty than hunger.
- Cites pugh, tony, and sirs issues researcher, in their article, "food insecurity strikes 17.6 million us households."
1202 wordsRead More - Poverty In The Hunger Projectexplanatory essayMuhammad Yunus, a civil society leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient, once said, “Once poverty is gone, we’ll need to build museums to display its horrors to future generations. They’ll wonder why poverty continued so long in human society — how a few people could live in luxury while billions dwelt in misery, deprivation and despair.” Hunger can be defined as the physical state of desiring food. Hunger may ultimately lead to malnutrition, where one is unable to eat sufficiently enough to meet basic nutritional needs. According to the World Food Programme (2014), hunger and malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide — even greater than the combination of AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. There are over 842 million undernourished people who are suffering from hunger and malnutrition worldwide, everyday. That means that one in eight people do not receive enough food to be healthy and lead active lives (World Food Programme, 2014). Fortunately, hunger and malnutrition are easily solvable, though everyone must work together to permanently bring an end to it.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that hunger and malnutrition are the number one risk to health worldwide, even greater than the combination of aids, malaria and tuberculosis.
- Explains that 98% of all those suffering live in developing countries. the most at risk groups are farmers, children, and women.
- Explains that hunger can be caused by poverty trap, lack of investment in agriculture, climate and weather, war and displacement, unstable markets, and food wastage.
612 wordsRead More - Welfare System and Poverty in the UKanalytical essayAbsolute poverty can be defined in different ways but, regardless of the definition, it is generally agreed that is in an intolerable situation that requires action to reverse (Schwartzman, 1997). Absolute poverty can be described as ‘a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation, facilities, health, shelter, education and information’ (World Summit on Social Development, 1995). The UN measures absolute poverty by a lack of two or more deprivations of human basic need. The needs are; food, safe drinking w...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the essay will examine whether the welfare state has eliminated poverty and examine what poverty is and how the definition varies from societies.
- Explains that poverty is a difficult condition to define because it is often used to mean different things by different people.
- Explains that absolute poverty can be defined in different ways but it is generally agreed that is in an intolerable situation that requires action to reverse.
- Explains that relative poverty is a measure of the resources and living conditions of parts of people in relation to others.
- Explains that absolute poverty is defined as a household living on less than 60% of the median household income in the uk.
- Explains that the welfare state originated in the 1940s when the government took responsibility for the redistribution of wealth throughout all social levels. after the second world war, the country was in a challenging situation.
- Explains the aim of the welfare state was to abolish poverty by providing a safety net that no citizen could fall beneath. beveridge reported that there are five giant evils which need to be slain.
- Explains that the welfare state was to be paid for by national insurance contributions, which provided everyone with a sufficient income in times of unemployment and sickness, on the condition that everyone worked and contributed when they were able.
- Argues that liberals would prefer a system where each citizen is responsible for his own wealth; they believe that the welfare state does more harm than good because it impedes the individuals will to look after themselves.
- Explains that the recent announcement of welfare reforms has been described as the biggest single change since the beginning of the modern welfare state.
- Explains that the welfare state's aim is to ensure every citizen a sufficient income to live on as well as providing health care and education amongst other things. peter townsend studied poverty in britain from the 1950’s onwards.
- Explains how the joseph rowntree trust figures show how far the welfare state has failed to achieve some of its aims.
- Argues that the welfare state has succeeded in bringing about a fairer society at the most basic level.
1492 wordsRead More - The Millenium Development Goalsexplanatory essayIn the year 2000 the United Nations set out a goal to stop hunger poverty and unfair living to people of the world not just the United States. This idea was called the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Upon taking on a task such as this the UN wanted to break down goals in sections of eight to better categorize them to use every resource they had to make this plan possible. Not every catgeroy had the same plan put in place and for that exact reason these goals where not something to be done over night, hence how the name of the idea started with millennium. The UN has also been known for their work to gather its members and countries as one to work to accomplish its goals of maintaining peace and security, they wanted to protect human rights by providing humanitarian assistance, and assisting economic and social development throught the world. This gives us a better idea of what MDG project is for and how it was created.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united nations set out a goal to stop hunger poverty and unfair living to people of the world, called the millennium development goals.
- Explains that universal education is one of eight mdgs that can be met through technological development, innovation or implementation.
- Describes universal education as a goal that can be implemented through technongly this artifact being computers in classrooms of students.
- Opines that implementing computers for high education would be frowned upon because most countries see education as power. the flatting of the world is a metpohic term.
- Explains that universal education intergrates the world because it makes us be looked at as one. the mdg is a mission sought out by the un because they have the resources to do it.
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