The Methods Of Speaking Skills: The Strategies Of Speaking Skills

4. The strategies of speaking skill

The strategy definition according to (Freeman) is the primary procedure of how the content is expressed during the process of teaching, Freeman provided two approaches for the strategy; The cognitive and the affective.

The cognitive approach:

The Cognition refers to the mental activity which contains; thinking, remembering, learning and using language (Freeman), where we focus during the learning or teaching the language on how to understand the information. Our retention of material and our understanding will increase if we understand the relations between the concepts and rebuilding it with logical connections.

A. The affective approach:

This approach depends on exploring and using the inquisitiveness

Performance conditions

The performance conditions can influence the performance of speaking when students perform their task such as; planning, pressure, the support amount and the performance standard (Nation & Newton, 2009)

2. Affective factors (Oxford, 1990) showed that the affective side of the learner is one of the most important impacts that affect the success or failure of the language learning. In addition, Krashen (1982) showed that there are three affective factors related to the success when trying to acquire the language, these factors are; anxiety, motivation and the self-confidence.

3. Feedback during speaking activities

Most students love and expect feedback from their teachers on their performance, this feedback could be on the students' activities and mistakes according to its type and by whom. Furthermore, the purpose of the speaking will be destroyed if the teacher corrects any problem (Harmer, 1991) . From the students' part, they will become afraid to speak if the teacher corrects their mistakes all the time, the teacher should correct the students' mistakes with encouragement and in a positive way in order to avoid their fear during the class (Baker & Westrup, 2003) .

4.

Moreover, Littlewood (2007) confirmed that the foreign language classroom can create anxiety and inhibitions.

6. The weaknesses of speaking difficulties

1. Topical knowledge :

Bachman & Palmer (1996) defined the topical knowledge as; the structures of the knowledge in the long-term memory, which means the knowledge of the speakers about the related topical information, which enables them to use the language with the indication to the world they live in. On the other hand, Bachman & Palmer showed that the performance of the speaking is affected by the topical knowledge.

2. Mother- tongue use

There are three reasons behind using the learners the mother- tongue in the class; first of all; the incapability to say something about a subject need to be discussed in the foreign language, thus the best way to them is to use their mother-tongue for discussion and expressing. The second reason is using teachers the learners' language during the class which encourage them to use it and thus making them feel happy and comfortable. The third and last reason is using the mother- tongue is a natural thing. (Harmer,