The metabolic rate of an organism is commonly defined as the amount of energy that is metabolised via food or oxygen uptake per unit time. The metabolic rate for organisms plays a pivotal role in certain biological processes and overall maintenance of the organism. There are many ways of measuring metabolic rate but the most common way is to measure the amount of oxygen that is produced provided that there is no anaerobic metabolism. It can be hypothesised that the metabolic rate increases with body mass. This will be done by preparing four vials ensuring that there is soda lime to absorb the carbon dioxide when the organism respires and there is gauze so that the invertebrates namely the snail, cockroach and crab have no contact with the soda lime and to restrict their movement. The 4th vial is used as the control. The vials must be acclimatised then placed under a water bath with a stopper and a pipette to cover the opening of the vial and so that the oxygen consumption via the change in volume readings can be noted. These readings can be used to determine the specific oxygen consumption (μl O g^(-1) h^(-1)) and the average volume of oxygen produced. Even though the specific oxygen consumption values didn’t conform to the usual elephant and shrew assumption (specific oxygen consumption is inversely proportional to the body mass) the average volume of oxygen produced increased with increasing mass consequently the hypothesis is accepted and it was concluded that the mass of an organism and their metabolic rate are directly proportional to each other.
Metabolic rate can be defined as the total amount of energy that has been metabolized via food or oxygen uptake by an animal per unit time (Willmer et al., 2005). This energy p...
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... errors could have occurred whilst the study was being conducted because we were not highly trained for this type of experiment a lot of human error could have occurred. The animals where maybe in a state of shock upon arrival to the lab, the acclimatization period maybe it was too small, different sizes of pipettes were used thus creating different readings, not to compare a cockroach to the other animals because it respires very quickly in room temperature and the water was in room temperature and maybe the animals were really not in resting conditions. We then conclude that the rate of oxygen consumption is inversely proportional to the body mass of that particular animal. In future in order to make the study more accurate animals must be almost the same that can be used to study this ideology, like mammals, amphibians or reptiles it makes most factors constant.
Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) were the ectotherms used to compare standard metabolic rates and mass specific metabolic rates between organisms. To calculate metabolic rates for these individuals a system comprised of many parts was needed. A gas pump was needed to deliver airflow into the system. This gas pump was connected to a flow meter that could detect the flow rate of the gas passing through. The air would then flow into a Ascarite Column that would scrub out the CO2 from the system before the animal chamber was reached so that no CO2 that was not emitted by the animal would be collected. Then the Madagascar hissing cockroach would be in the animal chamber connected to the Ascarite Column and it would
Exploring the Ways in Which Organisms Use ATP The major energy currency molecule of the cell, ATP, is evaluated in the context of creationism. This complex molecule is critical for all life from the simplest to the most complex. It is only one of millions of enormously intricate nanomachines that needs to have been designed in order for life to exist on earth. This molecule is an excellent example of irreducible complexity because it is necessary in its entirety in order for even the simplest form of life to survive.
The respiratory system is responsible in regulating gas exchange between the body and the external environment. Differences in respiration rate indirectly influence basal metabolic rate (BMR) by providing the necessary components for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation (Williams et al., 2011). Observation of gas exchange were measured and recorded for two mice (mus musculus) weighing 25 g and 27 g under the conditions of room temperature, cold temperature (8°C), and room temperature after fasting using a volumeter. The rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured and used to calculate BMR, respiratory quotient (RQ) and oxidation rate. The mouse at room temperature was calculated to have a BMR of 2361.6 mm3/g/hr. Under conditions of cold temperature and fasting, the BMR values decreased to 2246.4 mm3/g/hr and 2053.2 mm3/g/hr respectively. Rates of glucose oxidation increased under these treatments while rates of fat oxidation decreased. Respiratory quotient (RQ) values were calculated to determine the fuel source for metabolic activity. On a relative scale, protein or fat appeared to be the primary fuel source for all three treatments although the mouse at 8°C had the highest RQ and may have relatively used the most glucose. It was also concluded that BMR in mice are greater than in humans.
The experiment studies the effects of Red Bull and its major components on the heart rate of a Daphnia. The experiment focuses on the effects of conditions on the cardiovascular system. The Cardiovascular system is responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients and waste circulating the body. It consists of the heart, vessels, and blood as in closed circulatory system and hemolymph in open circulatory system, the cardiovascular system is also responsible for thermoregulation in the body. (Gonzalez, 2012). The heart helps pump blood to the lungs and rest of the body. The pumping of heart or the contraction and relaxation of heart determines the heart rate and depends on multiple chemicals that we could influence by using stimulants, depressants, varying temperatures, aerobic, and anaerobic
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Respiration in Yeast There are two types of respiration in yeast: Aerobic: [IMAGE] Anaerobic: Glucose [IMAGE] Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy Respiration is controlled by enzymes, which are proteins which speed up one or more biological reactions. Within any cell many chemical reactions are going on at any one time. Yeast has many different types of enzymes that speed up respiration. Prediction I predict that as temperature increases, the rate will also increase, until a certain optimum temperature, after which, the rate will decrease until the rate is zero as respiration has stopped completely. Reason
With over nine hundred and seventy one tons, the United States is the country with the highest amount of caffeine consumption in the world. This chemical compound is known to have many affects on our bodies, primarily in our hearts. Caffeine has been shown to increase blood pressure and heart rate. However, as far as scientists know, the affects of caffeine may affect invertebrates differently than it affects vertebrates. The present experiment studied blackworms - Lumbriculus variegatus in the phylum Annelida- in solutions with different amounts of caffeine to see if it affected their pulse under a compound microscope. Worms do not have hearts; they have aortic arches that contract to push the blood into the dorsal and ventral
The Effects of Concentration of Sugar on the Respiration Rate of Yeast Investigating the effect of concentration of sugar on the respiration rate of yeast We did an investigation to find how different concentrations of sugar effect the respiration rate of yeast and which type of concentration works best. Respiration is not breathing in and out; it is the breakdown of glucose to make energy using oxygen. Every living cell in every living organism uses respiration to make energy all the time. Plants respire (as well as photosynthesise) to release energy for growth, active uptake, etc…. They can also respire anaerobically (without oxygen) to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
All living organisms require energy. In order to obtain energy, cells within the organisms must go through the processes of cellular respiration and/or fermentation. The way in which “oxidation of glucose leads to ATP production” is emphasized in cellular respiration (Freeman et al., 2014).
The study used a variety of species of fish, crab, shrimp, lobster, and other crustaceans known to live on the bottom waters of the Long Island Sound were exposed to low levels of oxygen in the laboratory. The effect of different concentration of oxygen on growth and survival was measured.
For this experiment, it is important to be familiar with the diving reflex. The diving reflex is found in all mammals and is mainly focused with the preservation of oxygen. The diving reflex refers to an animal surviving underwater without oxygen. They survive longer underwater than on dry land. In order for animals to remain under water for a longer period of time, they use their stored oxygen, decrease oxygen consumption, use anaerobic metabolism, as well as aquatic respiration (Usenko 2017). As stated by Michael Panneton, the size of oxygen stores in animals will also limit aerobic dive capacity (Panneton 2013). The temperature of the water also plays a role. The colder the water is, the larger the diving reflex of oxygen.
Our metabolism, “the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions”, manages energy usage and production of cells. We use energy constantly and our metabolism breaks down food through complex chemical reactions into energy our cells
Metabolism is the rate at which the body uses energy to support the basic functions essential to sustain life. This metabolism is comprised of three parts,which include physical activity (20%), Thermic Effect of Food, also called TEF (10%), and Resting Metabolism Rate or REM (70%).
“Animals were used in early studies to discover how blood circulates through the body, the effect of anesthesia, and the relationship between bacteria and disease” (AMA 59). Experiments such as these seem to be outdated and actually are by today’s means, scientists now commonly study for three general purposes: (1) biomedical and behavioral research, (2) education, (3) drug and product testing (AMA 60). These three types of experiments allow scientists to gain vast amounts of knowledge about human beings.... ... middle of paper ... ...& Co.
If you are going to build a house what is the one thing YOU MUST HAVE? A blueprint is what you will use to make sure that you build this house right. The only way you know that your house is not being built correctly is when it is different from the blueprint. You want just say I want to build a house and have no specifics. I want a roof, bathroom, kitchen, dining room, garage, 4 bed rooms, and then start building. However, how in the heck will you build a great
The experiment measured the survival rate, the growth rate, and the size of the brine shrimp at the time harvested in various environments. To obtain these measurements, three environments were created: sea water, brackish water, and freshwater. For this experiment the scientists used 5 liter plastic buckets. Every two days, half of the water from each bucket was discarded and new water, of each respective salinity, was added into each bucket...