Introduction
Menstruation is the monthly passing of blood, tissue, fluid, and mucus. It is also known as a period. Your body is shedding the lining of the uterus. The flow of blood usually occurs during 3–7 consecutive days each month. Hormones control the menstrual cycle. Hormones are a chemical substance produced by endocrine glands in the body to regulate different bodily functions.
The first menstrual period may start any time between age 8 years to 16 years. However, it usually starts around age 12 years. Some girls have regular monthly menstrual cycles right from the beginning. However, it is not unusual to have only a couple of drops of blood or spotting when you first start menstruating. It is also not unusual to have two periods a month or miss
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First, the pituitary gland in the brain produces the hormone follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen, which thickens the uterine lining and begins to develop an egg in the ovary. About 14 days later, the pituitary gland produces another hormone called luteinizing hormone (LH). LH causes the egg to come out of a sac in the ovary (ovulation). The empty sac on the ovary called the corpus luteum is stimulated by another hormone from the pituitary gland called luteotropin. The corpus luteum begins to produce the estrogen and progesterone hormone. The progesterone hormone prepares the lining of the uterus to have the fertilized egg (egg combined with sperm) attach to the lining of the uterus and begin to develop into a fetus. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops producing estrogen and progesterone, it disappears, the lining of the uterus sloughs off and a menstrual period begins. Then the menstrual cycle starts all over again and will continue monthly unless pregnancy occurs or menopause
The dominant assumptions of the cycles that are present in both sexes, are that as followed, men are to be strong showing no emotion, and women are to be weak and over emotional. This is why such an occurrence is not widely talked about between men. The stigma that follows women is such a horrible thing. It seems that society put out research more on women than men in regards to the “cycle.” It makes it easier for the world to blame things on a women when you can say its because she is on her period. This keeps oppression on women and only makes them become more
Estrus synchronization is the practice of regulating when one or many mares will be in estrus. Breeders can follow certain protocol in order to cause synchronization in the cycle. According to Samper (2009), there are three methods of inducing estrus. These are induction of luteolysis, prevention of estrus using progestins and progesterone with estradiol which allow natural luteolysis to occur and are almost always combined with a treatment for ovulation induction, and follicular ablation. This paper with examine and explore the hormones, methods, doses and protocols used to synchronize estrus in the mare.
The Female reproduction cycle includes seven key parts; FSH, LH, estrogen progesterone, ovulation, menstruation and pregnancy. When fertilization occurs, the egg will begin to divide through mitosis. After several divisions a cluster of cells surrounding the embryo, called a blastocyst implantation .Where they attach to the uterine wall by the secretion of enzymes. Within a few days of this process the uterus will continually divide , the embryo; Releasing hormones to keep the corpus luteum functioning for a few weeks to allow nourishment and protection to reach and line the uterus. Then membrane like chorionic villi are formed to help with protection. These form an essential organ called the placenta; the connection between mother and embryo. This serves as the embryo’s main source of nourishment.
hormone changes in the female body. A male is apt to cycle every two to four years, while
The follicular phase (Days 6 through 14) is the outcome of the ovarian cycle, and the menstrual preovulatory phase. During this phase the ovaries glands are maturing. In the follicular phase the process of the cells, glands and organs of the luteinizing hormone (LH), the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestrogen enables the maturation of the cavities, glands and sacs in the ovaries positioned through the womb to produce egg fertilization (Freudenrich 2014). In the middle of the cycle the egg that’s fertilized sends an cue or indication through the Luteinizing hormone and the Follicle stimulating hormone signaling the eggs produced in the female reproductive system to release the fertilize eggs. In which this is where the eggs travels through the fallopian tube and where it has a chance of merging with sperm in which this is the act of
should go through and if it doesn’t then the women has an irregular cycle. This process the movement of an egg to a fertilizing position, developing a lining in the uterus, then the shedding of that lining when the egg doesn’t become fertilized.
This reinforces the idea that the topic of menstrual blood and menstruation itself is an unsuitable subject for open discussion. These ideas about menstruation presented to us in religious texts and reinforced through mainstream media, are the main factors in the development of women's silence on the subject of menstruation.
During a normal menstrual cycle, the lining of your uterus thickens and then sheds when a fertilized egg doesn't attach, resulting in your period. But when this lining starts to grow outside of the uterus, like on your ovaries or inside the pelvic cavity, it becomes inflamed, grows, and essentially has nowhere to go, says Ghadir. The result is severe pelvic pain, usually during your period, along with significant scarring to the surrounding tissue. It may also lead to large cysts on your ovaries called endome...
the ovaries to release an egg once a month but in some cases they release more
Imagine having to pay for something you biologically could not prevent. Every time your body committed a normal, healthy function, you were charged with not only the maintenance and the inconvenience, but the disadvantage of living in a society that does not adequately adjust to your needs. For those who are unaware, this is what having a period is like in America— let alone the world. Women are expected to not complain or even mention something that they go through for almost a quarter of the year, and still bear the added cost of buying sanitary products and items to help make the occasion as painless as possible. Society is too advanced, and culture is too aware to be turning a blind eye to something that is the direct result of having an
Countless animals are able to clearly display, as well as sense, cues to fertility. However, humans do not possess this important characteristic for reproduction. Over time, humans have developed concealed ovulation meaning neither the person ovulating, nor their partner, are able to tell when they are fertile and able to conceive a child. However, many scientists argue that human’s ovulation is not entirely concealed, and males are able to pick up on cues to fertility in women. The level of attractiveness men find in the body movements and physical features of women at different stages in the menstrual cycle are an indication that men may be able to subconsciously be aware of cues to fertility in women.
Human pregnancy begins with the fusion of an egg and a sperm within the female reproductive tract, but extensive stages precedes this event. First, both male and female sex cells must pass through a long series of changes under a process called gametogenesis. As the human embryologist Larsen (1997) states that gametogenesis is the process that converts primordial germ cells into mature sex gametes in the male (spermatozoa, or sperms), and in the female (definitive oocytes). The timing of gametogenesis is different in males and females. The later stages of spermatogenesis in males occur at puberty, and continue throughout adult life. The process involves the production of spermatogonia from the primitive germ cells, which in turn become primary spermatocytes, and finally mature spermatozoa. These mature sperms consist only half of the number of their original chromosomes and therefore they are ready to take part in fertilization. On the other hand, oogenesis begins in the female during fetal life. The process includes
The female reproductive systems is made of 9 parts. The sex cell for the female reproductive system is called the egg or ovum. The egg spends it’s dormant life in the ovaries until it is released. The egg has 23 chromosomes within it. The ovaries have two goals: to create and house eggs and the release the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes are what the egg travels through to reach the uterus. Fallopian tubes contain tiny hair-like structures called cilia; the cilia allows for mobility of the egg. The fallopian tube is roughly the size of 2 hairs, and is the site of where ectopic pregnancies happen. The process of the egg getting released from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes is called ovulation. Ovulation happens on the 14th day of the menstruation cycle The uterus is where the egg goes to after it travels through the fallopian tubes. The developing baby is held and nourished in the uterus. When the uterus is empty, it’s roughly the size of a fist but expands one an embryo starts to develop. The endometrium is the lining of the uterine wall. It’s used to protect the fetus. When the egg isn’t fertilized, menstruation ha...
Fertilization (conception) is the moment in which the sperm cell enters the oocyte and merges with it. From this moment, the cell division begins: at each division the number of cells is doubled in the fertilized egg. About two days after fertilization, the fertilized egg migrates the remaining way of the fallopian tube down to the uterus, where the implantation takes place. So that it can even come to the fertilization, some conditions are necessary, which will all together lead to the sperm and egg cell coming together. This is how fertilization works: After ovulation, the ovum migrates in the fallopian tube towards the uterus. In the next twelve to 24 hours she is fertile. The sperm arriving at the ovum try to drill through its shell. Fertilization