Table of contents Introduction 2 The Accrual concept 3 Definition 3 Example 3 The Business entity concept 4 Definition 4 Example 4 The Materiality concept 5 Definition 5 Example 5 The Going concern concept 5 Definition 5 Example 5 The Money measurement 6 Definition 6 Example 6 The Realization principle 6 Definition 6 Example 6 The Prudence concept 6 Definition 6 Example 6 Introduction To understand the kinds of decisions and informed judgments that can be made fromthe financial statements, it is appropriate to understand some of the broad conceptsand principles of accounting that have become generally accepted for financial accountingand reporting purposes. The terms concepts and principles are used interchangeablyhere. Some of these …show more content…
In anyway, materiality concept is important while making correct business decisions by not having any errors on the business. The Going concern concept Definition The going concern concept states that the business will remain in existence long enough at least for one year in the coming future for all the assets of the business to be fully utilized. It means obtaining the complete benefit from their earning potential. Example ( for example, if you recently purchased equipment costing $10,000 that had 5 years of useful life, then under the going concern assumption, the accountant would only write off only one year's value $2,000 this year, leaving $8,000 to be considered as a fixed asset with future economic value for the business). The Money measurement Definition The money measurement concept in accounting is that every event recorded in a company’s account is assessed in money terms. Example In business, the money measurement concept that are not in monetary terms such as goodwill, customer service quality, staff skill are not included in account
In order to determine the value of operations, and using proforma income statement and balance sheet statement, Cash flow statement was formulated for the next 5 years. The Account Receivables plus the Inventory minus the Account Payable was determined as Net Operating Working Assets. An organization cost of 0,000 was amortized over the 5-year period.
Financial statement users around the globe use financial statements to evaluate the performance of companies (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006). In order to locate a company’s reported assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues, statement users rely on four types of financial statements. The four financial statements include: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Statement of Cash Flows (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 6). Each of these reports provides different information to the financial statement user. The Balance Sheet reports at a point in time: a company’s assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes) and stockholder’s equity (what is left over for the owners) (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.7). The Income Statement shows whether a business made a profit (net income) during a specific period of time (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p. 10). The Statement of Retained Earnings illustrates what portions of the company’s earnings was paid to stockholders and retained by the company for future operations (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.12). Finally, the Statement of Cash Flows reports summarizes how a business’ “operating, investing, and financial activities caused its cash balance to change over a particular range of time” (Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, 2006, p.13).
This report analyses the disclosures of objective of general purpose financial reporting and the qualitative characteristics of useful financial information according to The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. It investigates Bega’s current accounting practice of Property, Plant and Equipment in accordance with AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment, and how it satisfies the objective of general purpose financial reporting and the qualitative characteristics of useful financial. This result will then recommend Bega to improve their current accounting practices.
In the operating budget, the organization prepares to include the costs of acquisition of items to assist in providing goods and services in more than one fiscal year. In the case of Denison, the organization considers a capital purchase of $500,000 in oncology equipment to better serve their patients. The purchase of the new equipment will be paid immediately, however, the equipment maintains a five-year life span and expected to be used evenly over that life time (Finkler et al., 2013). After the five-year life of the equipment, the value amounts to zero because the capital item charges as an expense on a straight-line depreciation—the cost of asset spread over the useful life (Hui, 2013). The following graph illustrates the depreciation expense of the oncology equipment purchased by Denison Hospital.
Q1: Financial statements are an important tool to record and summarise company financial situation and it can provide lots of information to the users of the accounts. And financial statements usually include income statements, balance sheets, statements of retained earnings and cash flows. Comparability, relevance, reliability and understandability are the four main characteristics which lead to useful financial information. In general, there are two main users who are interested in accounting information, internal users and external users respectively. External users include investors, customers, suppliers, government, competitors, lenders, and community representatives while internal users include managers, employees and owners.
For example, the Revenue and Expense Recognition Principle, in which companies recognize revenues and expenses in the period of time when these are earned, these are the basis of Accrual Accounting. Another important concept considered is the Cash-Basis in Accounting, in which companies should recognize revenue once cash is taken and expense when cash is paid, but this is not always accepted. After analyzing both sides (the owners and the players), and considering the two versions of Income Statement we can realize that they agree in many points but the dispute is fundamentally in the following
The definition of key terms that follow are commonly used terms by accounting professionals and experts in the accounting industry that are not commonly known, used, and/or understood by the general populace. Some of the following definitions used by the accounting industry, in particular auditors, hold different meanings and thus are clarified below, as related to their application in this study.
The conceptual framework identifies the primary users of accounting information as investors, creditors, and those who advise them. It also assumes a “prudent” investor; that is, an investor who takes the time to become reasonably well informed with respect to accounting theory and practice. Discuss this concept with respect to the current economic environment. Are different groups of investors “prudent”? According to the conceptual framework, the potential users of financial statements are investors, creditors, suppliers, employees, customers, governments and agencies, and the general public (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006).
Financial accounting shows how the business is performing to people who are not working inside the organisation.
Accounting is the pillar of every company to measure its growth, loss, revenue , capital, its really specify the real terms in foam of figures and sometimes in tables, in accounting there are certain rules are obtained to make more accuracy while playing with figures.
Marshall, D. H., McManus, W. W, & Viele, D. (2002). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 5th ed. San Francisco: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
There are different understandings of financial reporting. In general terms, we can equate it to reporting of “external accounting”; which indicates an accounting that disseminates through internal business management to owner or broader stakeholder. From mainstream economist point of view, financial accounting can also be described as information that guides economic decisions. For information specifically in financial accounting, the approaching of perfect information is often taken as desired. More transparent information often leads to improved economic decisions. However, more transparent information means the more cost associated with providing the information.
Marshall, D., McManus, W., & Viele, D. (2004). Accounting: What the numbers mean. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.
The capital maintenance concept used results in differences between the relevance and faithful representation of the data that appears in the balance sheet and income statement. The difference between financial capital maintenance and physical is the treatment of unrealized holding gains and losses. Financial capital maintenance does not allow for unrealized holding gains and losses. Only realized gains and losses are included in income because they “are considered a return on capital” (Schroeder et al., 2013). This means, “income is measured only after the investment is recovered” (Gamble, 1981). Physical capital maintenance “consider[s unrealized holding gains and losses] as returns of capital and do[es] not include them income.” (Schroeder et al., 2013). Instead, they are treated as adjustments to equity and included in other comprehensive income. Therefore, with physical capital maintenance “an increase in an entity’s wealth as...
Accounting aids the government and organisations in decision making for their financial stability. This numerical data helps solve real life problems and contributes to how the economy and businesses perform.