Vocabulary Axis Expansion
1. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident marked the beginning of further Japanese expansion in China. In the July of 1937, the Japanese conducted training without a notice, and the startled Chinese and the Japanese exchanged fire. One Japanese soldier from the small squabble was missing, and the Japanese accused the Chinese of taking him captive, demanding a full search of the area. The Chinese denied it, offering one soldier to accompany their thorough search of the area.
Although this incident could have died down, but tensions ran high. On July 7, a Japanese infantry unit opened fire at Wanping, the city the Marco Polo Bridge was located. Soon, both sides sent troops to fight near the bridge, and soon the city was shelled by July 20. The war began on July 25 when both armies committed to fighting.
2. Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, and Zuikaku were the six large Japanese aircraft carriers that helped the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941. The six carriers could launch a total of 408 aircraft, including
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The Winter War was the war between the Soviet Union and Finland from 1939 to 1940. Although Finland pleaded the world for help early in 1939, after the Soviet invasion in September, the Finnish army was left to defend themselves. The Nazis did come to help the Finnish people but soon backed away to honor the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and to save its resources.
However, the Finnish army effectively secured the defense in the winter of 1939 to 1940 using the environment to their advantage. The Finnish were used to moving around in the deep snow and the cold; they had white camouflage and skis to work with. In February 1940, however, the Soviet Union utilized heavy artillery bombing to break through the southern defensive barrier. Exhausted without help, Finland agreed on peace terms on March 12, 1940, ceding part of the western land and an area for a Soviet naval base on the Hanko peninsula, at the southern tip of
Japanese stood their ground and on December 7,1941.The surprise attack on the Americans that destroyed or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded at Pearl Harbor(document
“From the beginning, Japanese observers referred to the dramatic series of events from September 1931 onwards as the Manchurian 'incident' (jihen), a term apparently denoting an undeclared war..” Many historians agree with this statement and others think it was not so much an undeclared war but it was a major turning point for military usage in japan. Some believe that it was the start to the road to pearl harbor. Historian takehiko Yoshihashi believed that the Manchurian crisis was responsible for bringing the army's influence into japanese politics.
Japan's actions from 1852 to 1945 were stimulated by an extensive aspiration to elude the providence of 19th-century China and also to overtake as a great power. When Japanese soldiers stormed into Manchuria in 1931, Japan commenced the first in the succession of
Japanese aggression originated in the fall of 1931 when the explosion of a section of the South Manchurian Railway in northern China occurred, causing Japan’s Kwangtung Army, who was guarding the railroad, to exchange fire with the Chinese Army and then proceed to occupy all of Manchuria. Soon after, the Kwangtung Army set up a puppet government and renamed the region Manchukuo. The Chinese Army claimed that the Japanese purposely blew up part of the railroad to initiate a confrontation and therefore a reason to occupy Manchuria.2 Later, in 1937, Japan decided to go ahead with plans to further invade China, and conquered most of the northern and eastern regions within a year. This was later t...
Following the American Civil War, the use of railroads for trade was booming. The Detroit, Michigan and Windsor Ontario border, separated by the Detroit River, was a center for railroads at the time with the Michigan Central and Great Western railroads operating on their respective sides of the border. In the early 20th century, the railroads used ferries to transport shipments across the river. As production and population grew, so did the shipments of goods, specifically grain. An increasing delay in the supply and demand of agricultural products was hurting the economy for both farmers and consumers. In 1909, a tunnel was constructed to transport trains under the Detroit River but the need for a bridge with mass transportation abilities was still needed. This led to the construction of the Ambassador Bridge in 1929, funded by financier Joseph Bower and engineered and constructed by the heralded Pittsburgh McClintic-Marshall Company. No one could have ever foreseen the societal and economical impact the decision to engineer a bridge would have.
Throughout the attacks Sailors and Airman, from the entire island of Hawaii, immediately was on alert. As the bombs, bullets, and torpedoes began to drop impacting vessels in the harbor, Soldiers of the American armed forces began to battle back. As the vessels and aircraft began to fight, the Japanese began to fight harder. It was eminent that Japanese fighter pilots had no plan on returning from this mission, for the aircraft soon began to shoot from the sky and set their point of impact on vessels. Along with numerous 550-pound general-purpose bombs, one of the most detrimental acts during this time was to our battle ships by the Japanese, was the 1,800-pound weapon that dropped from the clouds directly hitting one of the now famous American ships below, the USS Arizona.
Many children, including myself, have once played the game Marco Polo. Although, I have always been curious, who exactly is Marco Polo? My fascination of Marco Polo warped into a fixation of his travels. Marco Polo was born in Venice in the year 1254. His father, Nicolo, and his uncle, Maffeo, were merchants who had seats in the great nobleman council of Venice (Polo IV). According to his records, he had traveled thousands of miles with his father and uncle.
middle of paper ... ... In conclusion, Japan tried to isolate themselves, and China tried to compete with them, using their land, and excess population. Documents one through ten were all about China, and documents eleven through sixteen were about Japan. Documents one, two, three, and seven talked about whether China was prepared for the European countries, and documents five, six, and nine talked about whether or not China compared to the European countries.
Japan had to open ports to foreign commerce when they lost the fight against Europe and America in Tokyo Bay (Bentley 508). After losing, Japan began industrializing and soon enhanced their military by investing in tools from western empires, who had very strong and powerful militaries. Once Japan had built a strong military they began to fight for Korea. They fought China and “demolished the Chinese fleet in a battle lasting a mere five hours,” and they later gained Korea and treaty rights in China (Bentley 550). China’s military was very weak. After losing Hong Kong and many trading ports to western empires following the Opium War, China was in trouble. Chinese people began rebelling against the Qing Dynasty. After the most popular rebellion, The Taiping Rebellion, China began the Self-Strengthening Movement. “While holding to Confucian values, movement leaders built shipyards, constructed railroads, established weapons industries, opened steel foundries with blast furnaces, and founded academies to develop scientific expertise” (Bentley 543). After doing all of these things, China still did not have a strong enough military. They continued to deal with problems from the western
"Nevertheless, like its predecessors, the Cold War has been a worldwide power contest in which one expanding power has threatened to make itself predominant, and in which other powers have banded together in a defensive coalition to frustrate it---as was the case before 1815, as was the case in 1914-1918 as was the case from 1939-1945" (Halle 9). From this power struggle, the Cold War erupted. In April 1945, Russian forces that had been triumphant at Stalingrad had pushed the German forces back into Germany and American and British forces that had been victorious in their invasion of Normandy did the same; they met at the Elbe River in central Germany (Lukacs 17). Europe was separated into two independent halves, one Russian occupied and the other American. From this division, the Cold War emerged.
By breaking the non-aggression agreement reached between Germany and Russia, this contributed to the defeat of Hitler’s forces. Harsh weather conditions left vehicles battered and stuck in mud, leaving the Germans to rely on rations of food and little to no ammunition as there was no way for them to resupply. The failure of a German take-over can be seen through a combination of these issues and problems faced by the Germans. Near the end of the battle, the fighting Soviet forces had saved Moscow and the Red Army would now embark on an offensive of their own. Hence, Moscow was significant in contributing to the retreat of the German forces.
In the Native American, religious community there is skepticism regarding the Land Bridge Theory , which hypothesizes that the native populace migrated into America via a land bridge in the Beringia region. Some of the skepticism, and rejection of the Land Bridge Theory, is a result of a strong claim that science has created a largely fictional scenario for Native Americans in prehistoric America. The Native Americans who reject the Land Bridge Theory have an alternative view of history as seen through the myths of their people. There are several Native American religious traditions whose myths of creation hold that they were born out of the earth in their traditional homeland.
The Battle for Shanghai was part of a much wider war fought between China and The Empire of Japan. These two rivals had a mutua...
The Manchurian incident was a turning point in Japanese history in which it abandoned its somewhat general policy of cooperation and peace and instead chose to pursue their personal interests in Asia (S,191). The Japanese interest in China was evident even before its invasion in 1931. In both the Sino Japanese war from 1894 to 1905 as well as the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905 Japan secured specific locations in Manchuria and other areas in China (U,351). Overall, the consensus for the extensive needs of the empire ultimately drove its policy making until the end of World War 2. To take control of what they believed to be the most mineral rich section of China in which they controlled expansive holdings in such as the South Manchurian Railroad, officers part of the Kwantung Army that were stationed there hatched a plan that would become to be known as the Manchurian Crisis. On September 18th 1931, Japanese soldiers located at the South Manchurian Railroad set off an explosive that they blamed on China (launching both nations into hostile relations for years to come.?? (P,115)) The Japanese invaded Japanese Invaded Chinese controlled Manchuria in 1931 because they wanted to accommodate the rising of the Japanese population, obtain more natural resources, and to stimulate their nearly collapsed economy.
The opening of the Eastern front caused Germany to shift some of its forces from Europe to invade the Soviet Union and the eventual loss of the war. The Siege of Leningrad is a battle between Germany and the Soviet Union, with little involvement from Finland on the side of the Axis Powers. During the start of the Operation, the weather was in favor of the invading German Forces. As the months passed, heavy rains began to slow the German Army due to the mud stopping armor and slowing the troop’s forward movement.