The Mathematics of Magic

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For the purposes of the exploration, volunteers will be labeled, Spectator A, Spectator B, Spectator C, and Spectator D. Throughout this exploration, the coins used will be in CAD. The magician brings $1.96 to a table, consisting of six pennies, six nickels, six dimes, and four quarters. Spectator A is asked to pick up one coin. Spectator B is asked to pick up a different valued coin. This process is repeated for Spectator C and Spectator D. Then, the performer asks Spectator D to pick up coins which adds up to four times the value of the original coin taken. Spectator A is asked to pick up the same value of coins they picked up before. Spectator B is asked to pick up double the value of coins they picked up, and Spectator C is asked to pick up three times the initial value of the coin they were asked to pick up. The magician then turns around and correctly identifies the initial value of the coin picked up by each of the spectators. An Example. Consider the following example: Spectator Coin Initially Chosen Final Value of Coins A Penny $0.01 + $0.01 = $0.02 B Nickel $0.05 + 2($0.05...

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