The Macro-Economic Consequences Of The Tsunami In South-Eastern Asia
During the course of this essay I will illustrate the macro-economic
consequences of the catastrophic tsunami that hit South-Eastern Asian
coastlines in December 2004.
The Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred
on December 26, 2004. The earthquake generated a tsunami that was
among the deadliest disasters in modern history. At a magnitude of
9.0, it was the largest earthquake since 1964.
The earthquake originated in the Indian Ocean, off the western coast
of northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
The resulting tsunami devastated the shores of 11 countries in
South-Eastern Asia with waves reaching 50 feet
high. At least 160,000 people are known to have died as a result of
the tsunami, and the count not yet complete. The true final toll may
never be known due to bodies being swept out to sea. Relief agencies
warn of the possibility of more deaths to come as a result of
epidemics caused by poor sanitation.
Natural disasters on this scale have less visible, but critically
important, economy-wide (macro-economic) effects. This is the
consequence of the impact of damage to productive sectors (fishing and
tourism for example) which produce local employment that locals rely
on, tax revenue and foreign exchange, but, more importantly, because
government expenditure has to be diverted from other uses.
One of the biggest economic factors affected by the tsunami is that of
unemployment. In all of the countries affected, the biggest source of
income was that from tourism. Because of the tsunami, not only have
all of the facilities, e.g.: Hotels, bars, Restaurants, Airport
buildings etc… been completely destroyed, faith ...
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...ic representatives, for a special prayer service. “A Jewish
Memorial Service for Tsunami Victims” at Adas Israel Congregation,
2850 Quebec Street, NW. Attendees include Deputy Defense Secretary
Paul Wolfowitz, a former ambassador to Indonesia; Ambassador Soemadi
Djoko M. Brotodiningrat of Indonesia; Ambassador Ronen Sen of India;
Ambassador Devinda Rohan Subasinghe of Sri Lanka; Ambassador Kasit
Piromya of Thailand; and Ambassador Danny Ayalon of Israel. Prayers
will be led by religious leaders from the Jewish, Muslim and Buddhist
faiths. 3
3. On 9 January 2005 at 16.00 hrs., the Royal Thai Embassy and Thai
Christian Community, Washington D.C. will hold a memorial service for
the tsunami victims.
4. On 8 January 2005, the Thai Community in Dallas, Texas will
organized a fundraising event to help the tsunami victims at Sterling
Hotel, Dallas, Texas.
One reason Haiti and Japan had such different effects after the earthquakes is because of the difference in their economy. Haiti's
Stephen Spender's "Epilogue to a Human Drama" and Toge Sankichi's "Dying" are poems detailing the destruction of two cities, London and Hiroshima, respectively, during or after World War II bombings. Spender wrote "Epilogue to a Human Drama," hereafter referred to as "Epilogue," after a December air raid of London during the Battle of Britain, which ravaged and razed much of England from Summer 1940 until Spring 1941. Sankichi wrote "Dying" from his vivid recollections of the surprise atomic bombing of Hiroshima, which decimated the Japanese city in less than a second. Both the Battle of Britain and Hiroshima were horrible, senseless, and vicious incidents that exacted gave tolls on innocent victims. Spender endured the Battle of Britain, and Sankichi experienced the horror of Hiroshima. The poets' responses differ greatly in style and perspective, but each work clearly defines the ramifications of atrocities such as those committed against Spender, Sankichi, and the populations of London and Hiroshima.
Tsunamis can go the same speed as a jetliner and that massive wave can out run the fastest runner. When there is a lot of waves at once, or the water goes back that is a sign that a tsunami is coming. If that tsunami is far then people need to get to the tallest and strongest building there is in the city that way they are safe and helicopter can pick them up. Tsunamis can wipe out an entire city or 1/4 of the country. Tsunamis can last up to an hour, or more.
The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake along the Indian-Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed more than 150,000 people, and a million more were hurt, homeless, and without food or drinkable water, making it perhaps the most destructive tsunami in the modern history. In spite of peninsular Thailand's location facing the northern part of this subduction zone, the lack of any written historical records, together with the lack of any major local seismic activity, the tsunami caused thousands of fatalities and huge economic losses in the popular tourist regions in Thailand. Immediately after the disaster, numerous organizations and individual citizens have helped out and contributed to this devastating tsunami. Indeed, the tsunami in Thailand was a worldwide event, with significant wave action felt around the world. In this context, I am focusing more on the key features of the tsunami’s natural causes, the psychological effects on citizens, the perspective of socio-economic impacts and the consequences of the tsunami calamity.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami took place on December 26th, 2004 and had a magnitude of 9.15. The cause of the Sumatra Tsunami was due to the sliding of two tectonic plates. Sumatra, an island in Indonesia, is situated on the boundary of the two plates; part of Sumatra is situated on the India/Australian plate and the other part is on the Eurasian plate. The Indian/Australian plate and Eurasian plate connect on the ocean floor at the boundary, a little over 100 miles off the short of Sumatra. Sumatra was one among the many countries that was impacted by these natural disasters. To fully understand the Sumatra Tsunami one must examine the events that led up to it, what a tsunami is, and the damage caused.
Tsunamis caused by the Earthquake leads to flooding along the coastal environment. This damages any homes. Flooding caused new lakes or sag ponds on the land. Increasing groundwater flow from springs and displacing stream channel. ("Flood Consequences")
The Tokugawa Shogunate, although a very strong government, gave way in 1868 because of slow economic decline. The economy suffered in many ways, starting with a population growth that strained resources. The Shogun, as Confucians, wanted Japan to be an agriculturally based civilization but that fell to pieces as more and more peasants moved to cities to become artisans or merchants. These merchants would then manipulate the price of rice in order to make the largest profit. Samurai had to convert rice into cash, but it became harder for them to do so when the shogun could not stabilize rice prices. Merchants soon grew richer than daimyo and samurai who still held the higher social status. The Shogunate made laws that stopped all travel in and
Many could argue that nicotine is solely responsible for the addiction found in using tobacco and not the health damage. Still, an addiction by itself is an extremely bad habit and it is not something that one should overlooked. It is common for individuals to pick up a bad habit on accident, and once they do, it will be very difficult to let go of the habit. In the case of nicotine and tobacco, individuals are knowingly picking up an addiction that they do not know if they could stop. In other words, nicotine is like an addicted bad habit that is extremely hard to stop once it started. Furthermore, this habit can and will lead to an expensive and destructive lifestyle. Even without the addiction and tobacco, nicotine is a dangerous
Nicotine (C10H14N2) is one of the most common and addictive of substances used in daily life worldwide. Chemically, it is a yellow-brown, soluble liquid that has a peculiar fish-like odor and a “MSD hazard diamond classification of 3 for health, 1 for flammability, and 0 for reactivity”(ScienceLab.com, 10/10/05). It is a chemical most commonly found in cigarettes, which combines the nicotine with tobacco. The nicotine in the cigarettes is what causes them to become addictive. Addiction is described as “a dependency or chemical imbalance in the brain that cause people to have no control of their actions where the addiction is involved” (Nordqvist, March 2009). A person can get addicted to anything such as gambling, alcohol, and nicotine. In 2011, it was collected that “38.1% of American adults smoke, with 21.6% being adult men and 16.5% being adult woman” (According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention). In a whole, Nicotine can have harmful effects on your nerves and senses like addiction, but can also make you feel happy, assertive, and concentrated. So is it worth the risk? Or does Nicotine do more harm than good?
Even with all the damage that has been done, there are relief efforts for Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico’s government made a presentation of all the supplies they are going to need to help. The American Red Cross, Salvation Army, and Catholic Charities are all accepting donations for places that have been affected by the recent hurricanes. There are several more organizations working to help with relief in Puerto Rico: The Hurricane Maria Community Recovery Fund, UNICEF, One America Appeal, Habitat for Humanity, and Caritas de Puerto
...ns also helped support the construction of four temporary hospitals and one permanent hospital and health care clinic. The [Japanese] Red Cross also helped people deal with their mental issues after the disaster by letting people talk to counselors who were trained in disaster-related trauma (Reliefweb). Which helped people who had PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder), depression, and anxiety cope with what was happening. At the end of the day the efforts of the Japanese Red Cross help alleviate the human suffering that happened as a result of the devastating tsunami that took over fifteen thousand lives.
While the early warning saved thousands of people, the Japan’s Meteorological Agency underestimated this earthquake as the subduction zone of Japan should not produce the magnitude 9.0 quake (Oskin, 2013a). The Tohoku Earthquake and its tsunami approximately killed 16 thousand people, injured 6 thousand people and around 3 thousand people were missing. Most people died from drowning. Around 300 thousand buildings, 4000 roads, 78 bridges, and many more were affected by the earthquake, tsunami, and fires from leaking oils and gas. Electricity, telecommunication, and railways were severely damaged. The debris of 25 million tons was generated and carried out to the sea by water (BBC News, 2012). The country’s authorities estimated more than 309 billion US dollars of damages. Landslides occurred in Miyagi and liquefaction in Chiba, Tokyo, Odaiba, and Urayasu (USGS, 2013). Furthermore, the tsunami destroyed protective tsunami seawalls. Approximately 217 square miles of Japan covered in water (Oskin,
Besides inhaling the carbon dioxide and affecting them, science has also proved that smoking cause lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, cancer, a opthelaryn, and tongue cancer. These types of diseases do not occur in a day or two, but it requires smoking for many years. Those people who do under age smoking would end up with early diseases and a short life. Smoking for women is more harmful as when they are pregnant the child takes the oxygen, and the child who is not born yet starts breathing carbon dioxide. It also slows the flow of blood which in return slows nutrients to a baby. Smoking not only damages lungs but its gives cough problems which remain permanent. People do not realize the amount of nicotine they take. It just makes a person addictive and if people want to leave this habit then one of the ways to cure is to put patches on their body to get rid of this habit. Teenage smoking has been created by the society itself as kids are always influenced by elders or parents, as children of smoking parents are more likely to smoke than children with non-smoking parents. Teenagers are also influenced by smoking in movies and television.
“Smoking kills, if you are killed you have lost a very important part of your life.” (Brooke Shleds). Smoking is very huge problem in our society. It is not just affect people’s live, but also affect their family and health. So people have to stop smoking which can help smokers to avoid many of diseases and stop affect who around them like their children. In fact, when children become aware of cigarettes, they are likely to start smoking at an early age.. And nicotine is lead addictive drug (Andrew Bridges and Janet Raloff).
The death toll climbs to over 10,000 and is still rising (Branigan 2). The disaster in Japan began without warning on Friday March 11, 2011 at 2:46pm with a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the strongest ever recorded in the country (Fackler 3). A massive thirty-three foot high tsunami, generated by the earthquake, swept over lands in northern Japan, taking objects and debris with it. To make matters worse, the tsunami caused the cooling systems at several nuclear power plants to fail. The disaster in Japan was a tragic event, and it had a plethora of causes and effects.