The Luddite Revolt
England at the Turn of the Century
At the beginning of the 1800's England was still largely an agricultural country. Frank Ongley Durvall in his text, Popular Disturbances and Public Order in Regency England, states that "over half the population [was] living in the country"(12). In London there were over one million dwellers. Nevertheless, this city's population comprised only one-tenth of the entire population of England. Aside from London, most cities and towns contained only several thousand people, where the average household size was between five to six persons.
The transportation of products and people around the nation was limited in part by the fact that the English population was still predominantly dispersed throughout the countryside and that most goods were still being made locally. However another factor that limited transportation was its relative lack of modernization. At the turn of the century England had yet to establish a railroad system. The primary means of shipping goods was either by boat using canals or by horse-drawn cart on roadways. Meanwhile, travelers depended upon either their feet or horse-drawn carriage to get them where ever they wished.
As I briefly mentioned above during this period most industry was located in the country, with the majority of work taking place in the home work-shops of craftsmen. Any manufacturing plants that did exist at that time were water powered. These factories were usually small and only employed a handful of workers. The major industries at the beginning of the 1800's were textiles, hosiery, lace, iron mining and manufacture, ship building, and coal mining.
Yet, agriculture was still the number one business, with some 35 percent, or more, of the populace of the island working in it(14). In many villages craftsmen would not only work making goods but would also cultivate small private lots. From these household plots they would harvest crops for their family's consumption and for trade. If these craftsmen did not own their own plot they would join others in tending to a communal field from which all members of the community could partake of the harvest.
Because of this agriculturally powered economy most businesses remained predominantly local. Business owners were usually residents of the town where their businesses were located, so that they had a material interest in the prosperity and success of the town. This localization of business, along with industry, allowed for a harmonious connection to develop between the owners and their workers.
In Andrea Lunsford's introduction she gives a brief background on both Kelly and his interviewee, Kirkpatrick Sale. From her descriptions it is very clear on how different the beliefs of these two men are from each other. Lunsford seems to be fascinated by how the interviews in Wired magazine, which she sort of reluctantly subscribes to, have all ended up in a debate or argument. And the one "which you are about to read,["Interview with the Luddite"] is no exception," she says(243). In this paper I will discuss the different claims of each of the two men and weigh them against each other for validity and persuasiveness.
Do you think picking your 4 favorite types candy is hard? Wouldn’t it be easier if you where able to chose your favorite 8 types of candy? Well right now it is like that with college football playoff system. During the BCS era they had one game between the 2nd and 3rd ranked teams and the winner would play the number 1 ranked team for the national championship. All the brad new FBS does is add one more game therefore only adding one more team, so instead of just adding one more team to the mix, this is still unfair. What they should add 5 teams to the 3 team mix to make the system fair. The recently removed BCS only allowed the top 3 teams to compete for a national championship but the new FBS is allowing 4 however, this is still a problem. These really affect small schools because “Undefeated mid-major schools and one-loss teams from major conferences still likely to miss the playoffs” (Douglas). The national championship is the championship of all college sports in every sport, and every year every college team in and a few out of the nation tries to compete for the national title. However some undefeated schools due to “easy schedules” do not get the same chance as one or two loss big schools that have slightly tougher schedules. In the NCAA basketball tournament “March Madness” over 60 teams get to play and compete for the national championship and they play multiple games every day so there should be no reason for football to not be able to have at least 8 teams instead of just 4. The NCAA college football playoffs should allow 8 teams to compete for the national championship instead of 4 because: It gives more teams a chance to compete, it makes more money for the schools, and it gets players more NFL attention and will get...
Roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads lowered the cost and shortened the time of travel. By making these improvements, products could be shipped into other areas for profit (Roark, 260). Steamboats set off a huge industry and by 1830, more than 700 steamboats were operating up and down the Ohio and Mississippi River (Roark, 261). Steamboats also had some flaws, due to the fact of deforesting the paths along the rivers. Wood was needed to refuel the power to the boat.
From the first two national champions, Rutgers and Princeton, to last year’s debateable Auburn national championship winning team, college football has always had difficulties deciding national champions. The BCS National Championship game was thought to give a less prejudice opinion on which teams play in the championship game than humans did. However, it has stimulated more controversy in college sports than Cal-Stanford “The Play.” The problem with the BCS teams is, it chooses two teams that are based on profit, popularity, and record. The BCS is in need of replacement by a playoff system because with a playoff system college football teams have more of an opportunity to show themselves.
The factories during the Industrial Revolution were almost impossible to work in, the conditions were dreadful. The workers had very little, if any, working wages and made eight to ten dollars a week. Women received half of what the men made and the children received even less (http://firstindustrialrevolution.weebly.com/).
With the annual debate revived by fans and sportswriters, the involvement of the federal government, and the financial benefit that bowl games offer schools, the issue of wheatear to replace the Bowl Championship Series with a playoff system continues to be one of the most discussed aspects of college football. Most people agree the Bowl Championship Series should be replaced by a playoffs, however there are a few who believe otherwise. The Bowl Championship Series works, and college football has never been more successful, thrilling, popular, or more enjoyable than ever. The Bowl Championship Series is fairer, safer and more effective than a playoffs.
The Industrial Revolution in America began to develop in the mid-eighteen hundreds after the Civil War. Prior to this industrial growth the work force was mainly based in agriculture, especially in the South (“Industrial Revolution”). The advancement in machinery and manufacturing on a large scale changed the structure of the work force. Families began to leave the farm and relocate to larger settings to work in the ever-growing industries. One area that saw a major change in the work force was textile manufacturing. Towns in the early nineteen hundreds were established around mills, and workers were subjected to strenuous working conditions. It would take decades before these issues were addressed. Until then, people worked and struggled for a life for themselves and their families. While conditions were harsh in the textile industry, it was the sense of community that sustained life in the mill villages.
Travel by land and water was both tedious and expensive. Transporting one ton of goods across states would cost around 100 dollars or 1,265 dollars in today’s money. In the 1790s, land routes connecting the east coast and the farther western regions of the United States were undeveloped. Along with this, when weather conditions were poor land routes could not support any sort of dependable shipping by wagon, or even travel by horseback. Natural waterways provided the most dependable method of transport west of Albany. Even travel by waterway in this time period was inconvenient because these water routes were unreliable due to shallow water and raging rapids.
College Football is a different business. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is the organization that regulates college sports in the United States, the college football league is very competitive because of its level of competence is has over 40 million viewers in the United States, obviously it cannot be compared to the NFL. The players on the teams in college football are all students one of the benefits of being a student in a college that plays within the NCAA is that they all have full scholarship for being part of the team. The reason behind the competence in NCAA is that they practice and play almost with the same standards and effort as a professional NFL player, the
Pre-industrial labor mostly consisted of farming and agriculture involving the entire family. In 1823, 97 percent of all Americans still lived in farms therefore the rural population and workforce was much larger than the urban population and workforce. The production and growing of food was used by the...
It is best to begin by describing what system college football used first to decide their champion, the BCS. The BCS decided who would play for the National championship by using a combination of polls and computer selection methods (Murphy, 2014). This method has been considered unfair by fans all across the nation, especially the smaller tier schools. The BCS would favor the larger power conferences (ACC or SEC) over mid-major conferences (Mountainwest or WAC) which would result in a team from the SEC finishing 11-1 going to the championship game over a WAC team that finished 12-0. This would take away the integrity of the s...
The first key player in the American industrial revolution was Francis Cabot Lowell. In 1810, in Waltham, Massachusetts, Lowell was responsible for building the first American factory for converting raw cotton into finished cloth. Large factories were built along the river to house the new water driven power looms for weaving textiles. At the same time that more factories were built to keep up with the growing demands of the consumer, the numbers of immigrants to the United States grew (Kellogg). This new labor force could be employed with even less pay and provided with a much lower standard of housing. This in turn increased the profit margi...
One of the most notable contributors to the field of astronomy, never actually worked a telescope. The unjust discrimination against women barred one of the most brilliant astronomers of the 20th century from ever actually viewing the stars she was studying. This did not pose a problem however, as Henrietta Swan Leavitt challenged these notions of female inferiority and ineptitude by entering the predominately male field of astrology and excelling. Henrietta Leavitt's prodigious discovery of the period-luminosity relationship amongst Cepheid variable stars would forever change the way we perceive the universe and known galaxies as well as lay the foundation for astronomers such as Harlow Shapley, Hertzsprung, and Edwin Hubble to expand our knowledge of the universe.
... era flourished. They were very much involved in factories, coal mines, and in textile mills. These businesses were major parts of the economy in the 18th and 19th century and they depended a lot on child workers.
To illustrate, before the revolution, between the years 1700 and 1750, the population of England remained stable, but between 1750 and 1850, the population more than doubled (C N Trueman, “Life in Industrial Towns). Pre- industrial society saw their population not growing as poverty, war, diseases, and poor hygiene resulted in high death numbers (bcp.org). In fact, during this time, 25 percent of newborns died before their first birthday, and approximately 25% of children did not make it past their tenth birthday (bcp.org). As more food and products were being produced by these new factories, a surplus of resources was created, death rates decreased. As more people began to work in industry, prominent cities began to flourish; industrial cities such as Manchester were actually formed from small towns (C N Trueman, Life in Industrial Towns). Between the years 1771-1831, Manchester experienced a growth of six- times its size, and it became home to over 700,000 people (Trueman). As a result of population growth, homes and apartment complexes were produced quickly, creating the cities and metropolises with skyscrapers, such as Boston, that we know today