Introduction
In the last few decades, tremendous technological advancement has revolutionised the manner in which intelligence and information are gathered, processed, utilised, and disseminated. According to Curry et al. (2013), organisations are grappling with the challenge of processing and analyzing huge volumes of highly dynamic data. The same challenge continues to be experienced by our intelligence apparatus and those charged with the responsibility of protecting the citizenry from both internal and external threats (Cogan, 2004). Importantly, the new role of big data has come at a time when more and more complex adversaries are emerging, and when the compelling power of globalisation continues to eliminate national boundaries (Curry et al., 2013).
A universally agreed definition of the word “intelligence” is yet to be adopted. Nonetheless, a common element of intelligence operations, as evident in most conventional definitions of the phenomenon, is secrecy (Dupont, 2005; Cogan, 2004; Scott & Jackson, 2004). However, with technological advances, information can now be accessed from sources the intelligence community views as open (Rolington, 2013). As seen later, this has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some contemporary definitions are firmly emphasising that the traditional concept of secrecy is increasingly becoming less useful as the need for information sharing becomes imperative to intelligence operations (Scott & Jackson, 2004; Cogan, 2004; Warner, n/d). On the other hand, it is argued that as long as it is open, it cannot be secretive (Lowenthal, 2009). Certainly, big data holds a huge promise for intelligence, but whether or not the line between intelligence and information is disappearing is a two-sided c...
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... ago. Conventionally, secrecy has been the constitutive element of intelligence. Proponents argue that secrecy is important for intelligence operations due to the need to protect the sources from which it is obtained and the need to avoid premature judgments. However, critics have broadly questioned the validity of defining intelligence from this perspective and its applicability today. There have been concerns that such a description limits the understanding of where the line between intelligence and information can be drawn. With multiple sources of information in the internet age, open source intelligence has become more prominent than ever before, despite the widespread reluctance of the intelligence community to recognise it. Whether or not the boundary between intelligence and information has collapsed under the weight of big data is a two-dimensional matter.
The pros of electronic surveillance are extensive. The ability for agents of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) to intercept and process communications and information from foreign powers, agents of foreign powers, international terrorist organizations, and others who seek to engage in activities with such groups, provides the ...
For the American intelligence community, George Washington is considered the father of intelligence. The introduction of the intelligence concept and its application in some missions during the early days of America helped America’s Founding Fathers to succeed against t...
The Department of Homeland Security faces challenges of failure to coordinate and cooperate in the latest fight against computer crimes as well as more general intelligence-gathering operations. (...
"The Triumph of Technique – The Logic of the NSA." LibrarianShipwreck. WordPress.com, 22 June 2013. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.
With the introduction of the internet being a relatively new phenomenon, the act of cyber espionage is not something that has been properly acknowledged by society. The American Government has done a stand up job of keeping its methods in the shadows and away from the eyes of its people since its documented domestic surveillance began on October 4th, 2001; Twenty three days after the Twin Towers fell President George Bush signed an order to begin a secret domestic eavesdropping operation, an operation which was so sensitive that even many of the country's senior national security officials with the...
Another issue discovered during the process of Snowden’s leaks is Over-classification. Allowing abuses to remain hidden and impeding information sharing can create risks to national security and obstruct the democratic process. Most importantly, these actions create distrust in government. Intelligence investigations must, of course, go forward in secrecy, but not all aspects must be so cloaked.16 Because of the secrecy surrounding the leaks it is difficult of the
Through the progression of the years, the intelligence operation within the United States government has changed tremendously over the last decades for both domestic and foreign intelligence. The intelligence community has grown and has evolved into executing different roles within the government; this includes law enforcement and government agencies. Both law enforcement and intelligence organizations have recognized the necessity to collaborate and exchange data in eliminating high security risks. The September 11 attacks also led to the expansion of more agencies and organizations to combat
Intelligence tests have been developed by scientists as a tool to categorize army recruits or analyze school children. But still discussing what intelligence is, academics have a difficult time defining what intelligence tests should measure. According to the American researcher Thorndike, intelligence is only that what intelligence tests claim it is (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). Thus, depending on what is being researched in the test and depending on the scientist’s definition of intelligence the meaning of the word intelligence may vary a lot. This essay will discuss what intelligence is in order to be able to understand the intelligence theories and aims of intelligence tests.
It is critical to initiate change in the culture of intelligence professionals in this new changing support environment. Setting the conditions and training to a strategically deployable capability must be embraced by the TIB/MIBs in each operational theater. Moving beyond the imprinted habits of Cold War intelligence support to the GCC, the MI culture must change to meet future challenges. The MIB must expand its intelligence support beyond the ASCC headquarters in order to truly fulfill its role as a modular intelligence unit. Emergent threats or critical intelligence requirements require an in depth knowledge of a geographical area and groups or individuals that operate in them. This level of detail can only be provided by analysts that are dedicated to one particular geographic area on a steady basis.
In order to fulfill its duty of ensuring the safety of its law-abiding citizens, and apprehending those who would cause them harm, the government does need to access certain information. In fact, many blame suppressed intelligence operations for allowing the terrorist attacks in 2001 to slip through (Cooper). It would be foolish not to tighten security after suc...
Intelligence collection and apprehension of criminals have occurred for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were performed by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of the government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels aid in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence gathered to protect national security and law enforcement intelligence are kept separately. Even though law enforcement operations can strengthen intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information does not leak or is not compromised when sharing intelligence. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss the expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations.
James Madison once said “Knowledge will forever govern ignorance; and a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.” To gain a better understanding of a society, one must gain knowledge of the needs and wants the citizens’ demand from the country’s representatives. In every country the needed to protect its citizens is the same. In some nations, security is a higher priority which causes sacrifices to be made to obtain an indefinite protection against all rivals. In Peter Singer’s essay titled “Visible Man: Ethics in a World without Secrets” he states that there is a way that governments can collect information by using technology; to allow more ‘openness’ and exposure as an increase of unknown surveillance that the public is not aware of. Singer’s essay also talks about how also with the rise of secrecy within politics; organizations such as ‘WikiLeaks’ and ‘Anonymous’ reveal to the world what is really going on within their privacy. Benefits come from both sides in a world where surveillance exists to the highest priority with or without privacy.
Google is “making us stupid” by contributing to a rising trend of superficial thinking. In this case, the definition of stupidity is based on Nicholas Carr’s belief that Google reduces our intellectual power by narrowing our focus and processing ability, which may alter the structure of our cognitive processes as we adapt to technology. This narrowing of thought impacts our critical thinking abilities, which contributes to our increasing dependence on technology. The combination of superabundant information and the decline of patience and slower thought may be creating a situation where we are passively watching as “our own intelligence flattens into artificial intelligence” (Carr). We seem to be moving towards a model where we lazily substitute Google’s ideas for our own, consuming instead of creating.
When a person utters the word “intelligence,” people tend to think of a genius like Albert Einstein developing some obscure equation that the great majority of the population will never understand. The problem with the definition of intelligence is that people relate intelligence to words like “genius” which require intelligence but do not have the same definition as intelligence. Often, people try to use related words to define intelligence, but these words are unable to define intelligence since many are only different levels of intelligence. While many definitions try to encompass the meaning of intelligence and various definitions describe a small part of intelligence, no definition completely explains intelligence, because intelligence is a concept that is understood only after realizing that intelligence is based on three basic concepts: logic, growth, and emotion. Although many people believe that humans are the only creatures capable of intelligence, other animals exhibit intelligence and are capable of further demonstrate the complex concept of intelligence.
Thought out our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others. This can be attributed to everyone’s different multiple intelligences or learning styles. A persons learning style is the method though which they gain information about their environment. As a teacher, it is our responsibility to know these styles, so we can reach each of our students and use all of the necessary methods.