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The Life of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest: Then & Now
It has been estimated that the population of Native Americans living on or very near reservations in the United States ranges from about 1.1 to 1.3 million, and is distributed across more than 330 Indian nations in America (16). American Indian nations display an incredibly wide variety of social and economic characteristics. Although “American Indian” is identified as a single race category on the US Census, each tribe boasts its own culture and values. Members of two separate tribes may be as different as the populations of China and Africa.
Long ago, the Indians of the Pacific Northwest depended entirely on their environment to support them. They were successful, self-sufficient groups who relied on their own means to sustain life. However, since the domination of Indian lands by the United States, these indigenous peoples have not had the resources to maintain their way of living. Not only were their lands invaded, but their culture was compromised as well. In response to their discontent with the sub-par living conditions, the US government has introduced laws to allow these groups to uphold their ancient values, while giving them the rights necessary to maintain the ability to support themselves. This includes the sovereignty of reservation lands, which has lead to the construction of casinos as a major money-maker for the Native American people, and a great deal of controversy to go along with it. From the ancient times of to hunting and gathering, to the invasion of Americans on Indian lands, to the modern compromises between the US and Native American governing bodies, the evolution of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest is astoni...
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...//www.indiangaming.org/info/pr/presskit/statistics.shtml>.
11. Native American Expressions. 15 May 2004.
<http://www.nativeamericanexpressions.net/naefolder/rugs.html>.
12. Native American Resource. 2002. 15 May 2004.
<http://www.ameritech.net/users/macler/nativeamericans.html>.
13. Native American Shelters. 9 May 2004.
<http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/settlements/index.shtml>.
14. Northwest Coast Canoe. 15 May 2004.
<http://www.anthroposgallery.com/gallery/nwcboat.html>.
15. Office of Hawaiian Affairs. May 27, 2004. <http://www.oha.org/ >.
16. Vogeler, Ingolf. Map of Indian Reservations. 1996. 15 May 2004.
<http://www.uwec.edu/geography/Ivogeler/w188/i3.htm>.
17. Your Tribe/Community’s History. May 14, 2004.
<http://www.ngsc.nnaapc.org/learn/history.html >.
When the word “Native American” is mentioned, the first thing most people will think of is Indian gaming. As many people know, only Native Americans can conduct gaming while people from other ethnicity cannot. This leads to the belief that it is an indirect way for the American government to repay the tribal government for taking their lands. This is partially true. The right to conduct gaming on reservations begins with the Indian Gaming Regulation Act (IGRA). Since its establishment in 1988, hundreds of tribes are able to negotiate an agreement with the governments to operate casinos on reservation lands. However, this is not the only intention of IGRA. Although Congress says that the real purpose of IGRA is to allow Indians to open casinos so tribes can support themselves, it is merely a set of laws that limits the tribe’s right on gaming.
Prior to the fall of 1940, Native Americans had never faced any significant effects of a military draft prior or during a U.S war. This was because before 1924, not all Native Americans were citizens of the United States. During the years of the first World War, it is estimated that as much as half of the Native American population in the U.S were not citizens (Bernstein, 22). Even so, many Native Americans still saw action during this conflict which later help influence the passing of the Citizenship Act that granted “blanket” citizenship to all Indians born in the United States (Bernstein, 22). This act played a huge role at the start of the 1940’s when the United States started militarizing large amounts of their citizens. After the passing
John Updike's short story “A&P,” centers on a young immature and morally ambitious teenager who faces down the generation gap and, rather than bending to the dictates of the elders, rebels against them, securing his rather insecure place as a young, unproven man. Sammy, the main character, describes the entrance of a group of young attractive girls into the supermarket, “In walk these three girls in nothing but bathing suits…They didn’t even have shoes on”.(864) Sammy is mesmerized by their presence that he cannot do his job. The supermarket manager, Lengel, scolds the visitors by exclaiming “Girls, this isn’t the beach”.(867) Within the few moments after Sammy dramatically quits his job in protest of the quite impolite treatment by Lengel he says to himself “…and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter”.(869) Because of his youth, and certainly because of the extremes of behavior that the young are prone to demonstrate, Sammy perceives that his life will forever be damaged by his actions. Though we certainly understand that this is not the case, that no one’s life is inexorably ‘ruined’ by the decision to do something momentous, it is certainly quite charming to transport ourselves into a time in our lives when such passions ruled us. This image awakens in us the expect...
At first, this might not say much, but it shows that the short story takes place in time of American prosperity due to the ending of World War II. The store that they used in the story was located in a beach town, which led to the three girls in bathing suits shopping in A&P. If the story wasn’t located in a beach town, the whole plot would have been drastically changed; Sammy wouldn’t have felt the urge to show off to the girls because they would be wearing acceptable clothing in the store, resulting in Lengel, the manager, not confronting the girls as they were checking out. Sammy wouldn’t have felt the urge to quit his job just to stand up for the girls, because there would be nothing to stand up to. Sammy would have then retained his job and moved forward in life. This whole twisted scenario of A & P greatly shows the importance of the main setting and the outcome of the story. Sure, John Updike could have put the location of A & P somewhere else, but having it be in a beach town makes the whole specific scenario depicted in the short story seem more likely to actually
Considered the most notorious gangster in history, Alphonse Capone, otherwise known as Scarface Al, was born in New York, 1899, in a small apartment in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. Having many run-ins with the police growing up, he was always around the local street gang led my Johnny Torrio. After beating one of his sixth grade teachers, he quit school, and quickly learned the way of the streets, joining the Torrio gang, call the James Street Gang. James Street also included Lucky Luciano, one of Capone’s best friends, who would later also become a notorious gangster (Internet 1, 1).
“A&P” is a short story by John Updike about a nineteen-year-old male named Sammy. Sammy lives in a small town five miles from the beach and works at a grocery store called A&P. Throughout the story Sammy reveals signs of agitation at his job. Things begin to change as he gazed his eyes on three girls that walk into the store. The A&P and the girls are important symbols in “A&P” that help reveal the conflict in the story.
In the summer of 1992, Governor Andrus called a special legislative session in an apparent attempt to block casino-style gaming on the Indian reservations of Id...
Al Capone was one of the most known of all of the gangsters. He was one of the biggest gangsters in the underworld of chicago. Al capone was a sharp dresser a classy gentleman. Capone was the best at what he did. capone originally liyed in naples which is in italy .
The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre was failure; “Bugs” Moran mocked Capone for not being able to assassinate him. Eventually Moran was found guilty for robbing a bank and was sentenced to jail for ten years; he later died from natural causes at the age of 65, and after all the assassination attempts by Al Capone and “Bugs” Moran neither of them won the battle for control of Chicago.
Many people believe that Native Americans are a disadvantaged group of individuals in many ways. Culturally, in that many of the cultures of the various tribes across the Americas were taken from them by Europeans and their descendants. Socially, in that they are unlike other minorities in the United States because of their extra-constitutional status; and even medically, stemming from the general belief that Natives are at a higher risk for disease than other ethnicities due to tobacco and alcohol use, especially when used together (Falk, Hiller-Sturmhöfel, & Yi, 2006).
It is important to realize that Sammy’s 19-year old depiction of his surroundings might be skewed, but the story still maintains Updike’s basic use of this setting. Updike choses the dull setting of an A&P grocery store as a symbol, a microcosmic example of the societies tendency to conform. Also, the readers can easily relate to a grocery store. This A&P resides in a town where “the women generally put on shirt or shorts or something before they get out of their car into the street,” Sammy explains. Seeing a girl walking around wearing only a bikini in such a public place looks outrageous. “If you stand at our front doors you can see two banks and the Congregational church and the newspaper store…” The town is a conventional one. Updike turns this familiar, mundane piece of American life, and makes it extraordinary.
Sandefur, G. (n.d.). American Indian reservations: The first underclass areas? Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc121f.pdf
The very famous gangster, Alphonse Capone also known as, “Al Capone” was born in Brooklyn, NY on January 17, 1899. Born from an Italian immigrant family, Al Capone rose to be one of the most famous gangsters of all time during United States’ Prohibition era. At the time his family moved into the US, he already had 2 other brothers before he was born. His father and mother were from Italy, Gabriele and Teresa, they moved in at a poor apartment where Al was later born. The place where he lived was a very law abiding place, where from a young age it was notable that he would grow up to be in a world of crime. Capone at a young age, went to a catholic school, where he was an outstanding student, and had a very promising
Prohibition was a deeply unpopular law that never had any chance of working, and many illicit alcohol suppliers became minor folk heroes. Capone's charitable activities also won him admirers, and for a while he was regarded almost as a Robin Hood figure. His popularity began to decline after he was implicated in the Valentine's Day Massacre, when seven members of a rival gang were murdered. After his prison sentence his visibility and popularity faded away, but he remains one of the most influential of organized crime figures and many fictional gangsters have been closely modeled on him.
"Zombie hoard? Have you been sampling some of the new chemicals in the test lab?" I asked.