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Bryde.D,Mouzughi.Y,Rasheed.T.2013.Sustainable Development Challenges in the GCC.Gulf Reasearch Center Cambridge. Retrieved from: http://grm.grc.net/index.php?pgid=Njk=&wid=NjU=&yr=2013
This paper discusses the “Triple Bottom Line elements”, which are environmental, social and economic sustainability issues. Under environmental sustainability issues, one of the biggest problems faced by the GCC countries is the depleting reserves of energy, making them future importers of energy sources. Other environmental sustainability issues include water, recycling, water usage and pollution (Bryde, Mouzughi,Rasheed, 2013).Under economic sustainability issues, the Middle East region has very large unemployment rate with regards to the youth. Moreover, it is considered a big challenge to provide employment in this part of the world. Also, it is worth mentioning that the MENA region underwent unequal distribution of wealth which was a byproduct of the lack of sustainable development strategies. In terms of social sustainability issues, due to heavy immigration in the Middle East, there is a failure to involve different communities while making sustainable development strategies. This article concludes that the GCC could learn more efficient sustainability method from other regions.
Andersson, T., and Lui, J.D. 2013. A Research and Development Framework for Sustainable Development in the GCC Countries. In: The Real Issues of the Middle East and the Arab Spring. Springer, New York City, NY. p. 275-295
This article discusses the main obstacles realized by the GCC nations today which revolve around the job of moving towards and improving sustainable development. Hence, this development is for the most part comprehended to speak to the joined accomp...
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...aste management. It is mentioned that the private sector still remains an unexploited area of opportunities. The governments in the GCC region have been delegating waste management to the private sectors, where 70% of total waste in Dubai is being collected by private sectors. The regional markets such as the Sharjah based Al Ghadeer Waste Collections company are showing tremendous potential for strong growth in the sustainability sector. GCC regions are also participating in international collaborations in order to maintain a sustainable and efficient environmental management system. For example, “Singapore based Keppel corporation is setting up an integrated waste management facility in Qatar”(Gautam,2009). The article concludes on a positive note indicating that environmental preservation and sustainability in GCC countries is entering an exhilarating phase.
The GCC is claimed to be one of the most flexible world’s organizations consisting of the UAE, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. These countries are rich in oil that gives them important political and economic stimulus. The GCC, the author underlines, is very influenti...
Clawson, Patrick. "Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World." Middle East Quarterly 13.1 (2006): 85. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 2 Jan. 2010. .
Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences. CDDRL Working Paper 80. Robinson, J. A., Torvik, R. & Verdier, T. (2006). Political Foundations of the Resource Curse. Journal of Development Economics, 79, 447-468.
World Development Report 2013. Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World. Trnasforming institutions, growth, and quality of life. A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press. New York, NY 2013.
Over the past 200 years, mankind discovered the fossil fuels and they used this source to produce hug energy. This affects the environment in many negative ways and caused many issues worldwide such as urban air pollution and acid rain, oil spills and the high temperature of earth. Saudi Arabia has the biggest oil reserves in the world by 19.66% (the world factbook, 2011) and the second oil producer country in the world with roughly 10.121 million barrels a day – which account for 12% of the total world production of oil in 2010 (Fontinelle,2011). Moreover, the country relies heavily on oil industry. And the most successful companies in the country are thus whose work in oil industry such as ARAMCO Company. The reason behind this success is because most of these companies get financial support and attention from the Saudi government and sometimes the government owes these companies. Because of the massive reserve of oil and the high income that generated from oil, the country has less attention to seek for other sources of clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy which leads to the increase of air pollution in the country. However, oil is expected to last in the next 50 to 100 years (Hubbert, 1956). Furthermore, the International organizations have made many decisions to protect the environment and environmental resource such as Kyoto Protocol which decided to raise the use of solar energy to 50%of the total global energy use by 2020 (UNFCCC ,2005 ). Recently, these issues lead the Saudi government to realize problems, such as air pollutions, and start to invest in clean energy area but not as expected. These days many people in Saudi Arabia argue the uses of clean energy and replace with the fossil fuels. And they d...
Sustainable development adapted after the Brundtlandt Report 1987, is a planned, aim- and process oriented procedure that meets the needs of today’s generations without endangering the needs of future generations and world regions (Ott & Döring 2004, 2006).2 The principle of sustainability describes the efforts of the international community, all countries and people to create equal opportunities for development by explicitly taking into account the interests of future generations. Most frequently the concepts of sustainability are based on a triple bottom line represented by the tree pillars – ecology, economy and social security (e.g. by the Enquete Commission, 1998). Apart from the general weaknesses of the column model that is the interchangeability of dimensions and the ignorance of (social) relatedness (c.f. Ott & Döring, 2004)3 the definition of sustainability (the model is illustrating), is seen as a bad compromise between the needs for conservation of natural resources and the aspirations for economic growth by some scholars (Döring & Muraca, 2010). Irrespective of that, the model sometimes is competed by other pillars such as “knowledge”, “institution”, ”governance”, “arts” or the like (c.f. a.o. Ott & Döring, 2004). Whereas in “Resetting the Compas...
In The Development of Environmental Regimes: Chemicals, Wastes, and Climate Change, the authors provide a simple framework to analyze the development of global environmental regimes (GER) which ultimately addresses why states sometimes agree to cooperate on global environmental issues despite divergent interests. The chapter is divided into five subsections but begins with an introduction to explain the five processes involved in the development of GERs. The authors address questions such as who forms GERs and how are they formulated. Next, they apply the processes involved in the development of GERs to four case studies that are linked to global environmental issues: ozone depletion, hazardous waste, toxic chemicals, and climate change, respectively. The authors conclude that states and non-state actors can come together to address global environmental issues but not without obstacles.
Over the past few decades there have been discourses both in favor and against Globalization’s capacity to guarantee a sustainable future. Authors attest societies and businesses’ inability to account for ecological and environmental limits when dealing with economic growth, examples of this are some of the traditional business metrics used by most global companies, and nations’ measure of wealth (GDP); both sides heavily resting on economic factors, fail to account for societal and environmental concerns (Byrnea & Gloverb, 2002). Other researchers point at the intensive use of resources, especially by global corporations; such as the increasing and careless consumption of fossil fuels, water, precious metals, etc. leading to a rise in GHG (Starke, 2002) (United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 2000). Most fervent opponents go as far as to call ‘sustainable development’ an oxymoron (Ayres, 1995).
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. If we follow this definition, it becomes easy to see that the vast majority of the “developed” world has not, and is not developing sustainably. The idea of sustainable development requires us to consider how our action of developing will affect other countries, and future generations. Many people believe in “the butterfly effect”, where the flapping of a butterfly’s wings in one part of t...
According to the Commission on Global Governance (1995), global governance refers to “the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is the continuing process through which conflict or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken”. Some main actors involved in the process of global governance include states, international organizations (IOs), regional organizations (ROs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Global governance implements in various issue areas including security, economic deelopment, environmental protection and so on. Different states and organizations have different or even conflicting interests. Yet as globalisation continues and the world becomes more inter-connected than ever before, global governance or cooperation among different actors is increasingly taking a more significant role in the international stage. Some critics view global governance quite negatively as they believe that the current system lacks efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, however, I shall argue that global governance is carried out more effectively in maintenance of world security and promotion of economic development while less effectively in environmental protection and preservation. Thus, despite limitations of the existing mechanism, global governance is still largely a postive development in world affairs.
According to A/RES/69/221, the United Nations states that “desertification and drought can contribute to economic, social, security and environmental concerns.” The lack of water security and rapid climate changes in Iraq has brought severe damage to the country’s environment and corruption to the economy. Iraq, one of the 178 countries to agree on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, formulated the Iraq National Sustainable Development Strategy (INSDS) to discuss ways to prevent poverty and starvation in our country. This national strategy sets out priorities for Iraq’s renovation and development and determines that it is necessary to be educated regarding climate changes, poverty, and hunger. As revealed in A/RES/65/896, Iraq addresses “desertification, land degradation and drought in the context of sustainable development.” Furthermore, development programs such as the Sustainable Iraqi Community Fund were implemented to assist communities suffering from poverty achieve environmentally sustainable solutions. The United Nations urges “developing countries to undertake their own development strategies and policies” for efficient progress in
Sustainability simply defined to me as balancing act between the development of sustainability is necessary for both planet Earth and humans to survive. This is reinforced in the World Commission on Environment and Development report (1987) that sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the well-being of future generations”. The Earth Charter Organization widened the idea of sustainability to respect for a culture of peace, universal human rights, nature, and economic justice (What is sustainability?, n.d.).
Samarai M.A. Qudah L.M. 2007. Planning Sustainable Mega Projects in UAE. World Housing Congress. Pg 1 – 20.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.
Environmental health has been a very important issue to talk about internationally these days. We, human beings are leading the earth toward its edge unconsciously. We are using natural resource more than we give to the Mother Nature. Day by Day, people are aware of what damage they do the environment, but they do not care of fixing this damage. In a very simple step, the road of a better healthy environment will begin; recycling is the best idea that illustrate the previous point. To Andrew Roper, recycling is the conversion of waste products into new materials, such as waste paper that can be converts into new paper goods (n.d). There are many types of recycling, for example, there are glass, paper, metal, plastics, textiles and electronics recycling (Evans , 2011). This research will focus on recycling papers in the United Arab Emirates, the benefits or recycling and its effect on the environment, the difficulties of recycling, the process of recycling paper, and the finals products of recycling.