informal system of government that many of the local areas of Afghanistan employ. This causes warlords and groups like the Taliban and al Qaeda to gain power and can contribute to continued conflict within the state.
Next, high levels of corruption in a state is crippling to all aspects of governance. Corruption undermines both the capacity to deliver services and the legitimacy of the state in the eyes of citizens and international actors. Corruption such as nepotism and cronyism also decreases participation as citizens become frustrated with the offices of government. The corruption that lower-level Afghan officials participate in gives citizens an impression that the central government is “predatory.” Corruption such as requiring bribes
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In addition to being a contributing factor to high levels of corruption, the low rule of law has other effects in Afghanistan. Katzman describes the phenomenon of the judicial process in Afghanistan:
There is broad agreement among outside observers that the Afghan judicial system remains weak and its independence is questionable. Judges and prosecutors are frequent targets of assassination, particular in insecure areas of Afghanistan. And justice is often subjective, with powerful factions and wealthy individuals often able to obtain the release from jail or non-prosecution of their members and supporters. (2015, p. 11)
Further, many of the judicial processes in Afghanistan remain informal. Often the trials are based on sharia law instead of the law of Afghanistan. The lack of a uniform judiciary throughout the country means that not all citizens of Afghanistan must follow the laws. This further exacerbates the problem the government in Kabul has with lack of legitimacy. The low rule of law also undermines the capacity of the government to deliver justice which can leave citizens frustrated at what they view as a weak and unjust
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For instance, it is incredibly difficult to build an economy in a state that is not unified. Having no clear-cut, enforceable system of taxes has the effects of a central government without much capacity and essentially no ability to provide services. A weak central government means that individual groups can monopolize resources and any wealth generated benefits very few citizens. Further, in Afghanistan, a nation with large untapped resource wealth, a weak central government provides little incentive to unlock those resources and harness the intrinsic economic
The problem of judicial corruption in United States is immense. The Sixth Amendment in the United States Bill of Rights refers to the right to a speedy, fair and public trial. Unfortunately, our judicial system does not always maintain these rights. The United States judicial system is very corrupt and most of our country’s citizens do not know how corrupt it actually is. When thinking about the judicial system, words that come to mind are justice, morality, and fairness. Sadly, these words are not accurate descriptions of this system. Correct depictions of today’s judicial system are corruption, rigged courts, extortion, and phony trials. Our legal system does not bring truth or justice to our courtrooms. Overcoming this corruption is not easy for the average citizen or anyone who is not in on the “game”.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
There are many sociological key concepts that would relate to the war in Afghanistan. The three that I have chosen are structural social mobility, modernization theory, and gender stratification.
Focuses the root of corruption on the character, or lack thereof, of the individual officer. This explanation proposes that corruption is the result of poor selection practices that fail to screen out applicants who are unsuitable for public service (Withrow & Dailey, p. 4).
Afghanistan since its beginning has been a place of conflict, despair, and at times lost hope. It has been taken advantage of and lost its sense of identity, which has had a direct effect on its people, and there own sense of what justice truly is.
Weak and failed states share many common characteristics. One of the most common features of a weak state is the presence of persistent violence. This violence is in the form of civil wars and civil unrest, this is an indicator that a government has lost legitimacy as well as control over some parts of territory. Other features include a weak bureaucracy that is very susceptible to corruption especially corruption from non-state actors such as terrorists and warlords. As the government’s power and influence continues to decline, citizens turn to these non-s...
According to Transparency International CPI (Corruption Perception Index) statistics in 2009: more than 100 countries have index lower than 5, what means that corruption level there is high. CPI is giving the results of 13 independent surveys showing the countries of the world according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. Bribery is a subject about which people hold strongly contrasting views, depending on person’s position in relation to bribery: being involved in it, or being
Afghanistan is like a time capsule. Many people farm for subsistence, and few are able to read or write. Afghans have been compared to Spartans in that they are a martial people who have been at war for thousands of years. The rough terrain in which they live lends itself to long periods of resistance. Time and time again they have been able to push away would be conquerors. The current war in Afghanistan stands in contrast to previous wars because its purpose is not one of conquest for land or for the exploitation of resources. The purpose of the current war in Afghanistan is to win over the Afghan people and to help them grow ideologically to assimilate into an ever more technologically advanced global environment.
In philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, corruption is the abuse of official power or position to acquire personal benefit. Corruption may include bribery, and embezzlement. Corruption among governments, political leaders, and military leaders is clearly relevant today due to scandals, fraud and leaders fighting for power illegally. I believe that corruption is a major part of every government no matter the country, and I firmly believe that countries should work to do away with corruption. India's government and army is being overrun with corruption with leaders from all the different branches according to Patricia Treble in " Corruption engulfs India's army ".
Before democracy began in Afghanistan, the Taliban imposed oppressive laws. I was just a little girl, living in the capital of the country, secretly studying at home, while my mother and the rest of my family faced the daily fear of terror.
Council, H. P. (2012). Afghanistan's vision by 2015 . Kabul: High Peace Council law committee .
Kearney, A.T. (2001). Corruption and the Globalization Index. Last access on 27 March 2005 at URL: http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/download/gcr2001/data_and_research.pdf NAIM, Mois´s (1995). Corruption Eruption. Last accessed on 2 April 2005 at URL: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=648 MORAN, Robert T. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (1994)
According to Amundsen (1999), the illicit or immoral nature of political corruption makes it even more “inaccessible to scientific investigation than most human behavior.” The concealed, under-communicated, and illegal nature of corruption “indicates the feebleness of statistical methods in assessing its quantitative aspects. ” It is problematic to measure the actual extent of corruption for four main reasons. Firstly, it is difficult to collect data on bureaucratic corruption in government agencies as corrupt bureaucratic conceal their activities to evade detection. Secondly, given the sensitive nature of bureaucratic corruption, survey research methods cannot be employed to obtain direct ...
In simple terms Public Corruption can be defined as the misuse of public office for private gain.Corruption is an outcome and reflection of a country’s economic,legal,cultural and political institutions. Transparency International(2005,2008) found that more than 65% of Indians had a first hand experience of paying bribes and nearly 45% used contacts to get job done.Institutionalised Corruption has long been prevalent in India.Big Business and individuals dictate bureaucratic norms by breaking law,paying off public servants just to gain access to elements of governance.
Montesh, M. (n.d.). Conceptualizing Corruption: Forms, Causes, Types and Consequences. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from