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The history of criminal law
Differentiate between civil and criminal law
History of the criminal justice system
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Regulations have administrated human demeanor for hundreds of centuries, and in present-day, criminal laws are to standardize and occasionally preserve social order. By allocating which conducts are prohibited, they present comprehensible standards of actions, cautioning society about which actions will be or will not be held accountable for, depending on the degree of severity; it is also figurative in conveying a statement that the public objects to these particular deeds. The earliest identified account of written decrees dates back to the period of the Babylonian King Hammurabi, or what we now know today as Hammurabi’s Code, which instituted high principles of an individual’s actions and severe penalties to violators, inflicting consequences equivalent to that of their crimes. An additional early structure of written laws was the renowned Mosaic Law, like the Hammurabi’s Code, based on the rule of “an eye for an eye” (Realities and Challenges 99). The general public in the United States are directed by a great quantity of regulations from an array of foundations such as the federal, state, and local administrative institutes that concern everything from acquiring a license to drive to crime against person. Although the organization of laws in the U.S. is extensive, complex, and varied, it can, in fact, be more comprehensive when sorting American laws into two general groups: civil law and criminal law. Civil law administers associations among individuals and a party who is wounded economically or physically by another individual or group can claim a charge in opposition to that unit. Conversely, criminal laws function below the conjecture that the society rather than a person, has been wronged by the defendant’s proce... ... middle of paper ... ...ega murders. Encountering the death penalty, Bundy would soon appeal in his own argument he was not responsible for the all murders (Rule 102-105). The investigators in the Ted Bundy case adhere to all the legal elements in our constitution. When investigators knew they did not have enough evidence to arrest Bundy, they gathered all the evidence necessary in order to condemn him of kidnapping Carol DaRonch. They provided him an attorney when he could not possibly afford one and when he fired the attorney, he was allowed to represent himself in his own case. The detectives in Florida were able to provide many crucial evidence linking him to the assault and death of Kimberly Leach and the deaths of the other girls. Bundy was justly condemned, as the Mosaic Law would have it, to death through the electric chair for the death of the many girls he had murder.
The code of Hammurabi, dating back to 1772 BC, is one of the oldest recorded legal codes and reflects the early Babylonians’ views of justice. The code is best known for “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” By enumerating punishments for certain crimes the code removes ambiguity and combined with its relatively harsh penalties, especially on lower class citizens, served as an effective deterrent. More profoundly however, Hammurabi’s code formally shifted justice-seeking responsibilities from the individual to the state. Today, most modern legal systems are structured similarly to Hammurabi’s code with their own codified laws and listed punishments. Capital punishment and the idea that “the punishment should fit he crime” are derivatives from the ancient text that are widespread in the world today.
He was intelligent, articulate and handsome. During a gruesome killing spree, Ted Bundy slaughtered more than thirty five women within the span of five years, becoming one of the most notorious serial killers in American history. He grew up believing that his grandparents were his parents and his unwed mother to be his older sister. He was not very good at building relationships and had a lot of conflict with his stepfather and enjoyed the terms of violence and sex as a child. Ted shoplifted during his teenage years and enjoyed being above the law. He was generally very shy and gained a lot of popularity and self esteem in high school because of his good looks. It was there that he met his high school girlfriend Stephanie Brooks with whom he become obsessed, but the relationship did not last very long as she did not feel the same way for him so she broke up with him. Depressed by the break up, Ted dropped out of college and returned home with his family where he found out the truth about his biological mother. This left Ted in a state of confusion about his identity and he felt betrayed by the women in his life. He went back to high school where he and Stephanie got back together but right after she agreed to marry him, he broke up with her to seek revenge. After this charade his killing spree began, luring young women with lies, abducting, raping, physically abusing and killing them.
Ted Bundy is without a doubt one of the most notorious serial killers America has ever known. Active from 1974 to 1978, Ted Bundy has been linked to at least 36 murders but it is widely believed that he slaughtered more than 100 women. Ted Bundys victims were sexually assaulted then slaughtered. The locations of his kills were Washington, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, Florida, Idaho, and Vermont.
Psychologists have tried to understand the mind of criminals for as long as time. The mind of a criminal is a very difficult thing to comprehend because each criminal is different. Their minds think in different ways, they have different motives and they all have different backgrounds. No two cases are the same. Often times psychologist also have a challenging time figuring out why a person committed a crime, such as murder, is because the criminal will not be able to help them comprehend why they did the things they did. In the wrongdoers mind it seems completely rational but to a sane person it does not. One serial killer that many psychologists have found fascinating, is Theodore Bundy. Psychologist have studied the motives
...Bundy was convicted for the two Chi Omega murders. Even though he was his own attorney he could not fight the evidence. He left bite marks on one of the bodies that was a definitive match for Bundy. He was given the death penalty twice for those crimes. He also received another death penalty the following year in the murder of Kimberly Leach. Bundy fought for his life for about 10 years. (3)
The basis of criminal justice in the United States is one founded on both the rights of the individual and the democratic order of the people. Evinced through the myriad forms whereby liberty and equity marry into the mores of society to form the ethos of a people. However, these two systems of justice are rife with conflicts too. With the challenges of determining prevailing worth in public order and individual rights coming down to the best service of justice for society. Bearing a perpetual eye to their manifestations by the truth of how "the trade-off between freedom and security, so often proposed so seductively, very often leads to the loss of both" (Hitchens, 2003, para. 5).
evidence and the right of a condemned man to ask for testing.("A.B. Butler").He was exonerated by
Introduction: On the spectrum of criminal activity, serial killers are rather rare. Rarer still is a serial killer like Ted Bundy. Bundy confessed to killing 28 women in the 1970s in ghastly fashion and some believe he may have killed far more. It is hard to imagine what could cause any person to cross the mental boundary into such macabre behavior as Bundy perpetrated. Nevertheless, it is important to try to understand that behavior because only though such an understanding would society be able to identify and deter mass murderers in order to save lives.
During any criminal investigation there are several main elements involved in the case. These are known as ‘building blocks’. This involves the scene, collecting evidence, and presenting to the court. For a case to be successful these elements need to be followed. The main elements throughout the trial of OJ Simpson were the bedroom sock, the glove which was the most dramatic moment in courtroom history, the trail of blood, the lab and the white bronco. All these were the key factors that they brought to trial. There were flaws and questions asked and questioned regarding this evidence. It was the evidence that was collected and evidence that was missed which resulted in the outcome of this case.
As the outset, there are numerous reasons why the law can change human behaviour, but the most conspicuous one stems from the fact by keeping following the
The definition of justice and the means by which it must be distributed differ depending on an individual’s background, culture, and own personal morals. As a country of many individualistic citizens, the United States has always tried its best to protect, but not coddle, its people in this area. Therefore, the criminal justice history of the United States is quite extensive and diverse; with each introduction of a new era, more modern technologies and ideals are incorporated into government, all with American citizens’ best interests in mind.
Law and authority have historically been, and indeed continue to be, at the forefront of importance in the functions of societies. The crux of the matter revolves around the idea of fairness – equality for all under the umbrella of moral convictions. One may see the implementation of law as the exercise of such moral convictions: those who do wrong unto others should justifiably face the consequences of their actions. Correspondingly, those who promote goodness and righteousness should seemingly be rewarded for their benevolence. However, this gamble of right versus wrong contains a fortune of implications and further inquiries. To what, if any, extent should punishments and rewards be implemented? Does law care for the magnitude of the action
This case is on Gary Ridgway who went on a twenty year killing spree. “The man whom cops would call the Green River Killer was to murder at least 49 women. Some investigators think he killed as many as 90, which, if true, would make him the biggest serial murderer in U.S. history. At his peak in '83, he was murdering as many as five women a month” (Mcarthy, 2002). This case happened throughout the eighties but he wasn’t caught until 2001 because of new technology with DNA testing which connected him to them in which he then admitted to the rest of the murders. This man was charged with forty-eight murders in which turned into forty-eight consecutive life sentences without the chance of parole. He agreed to show them where all the bodies were
Civil liability in today’s society is a big issue when dealing with the interaction between law enforcement agencies, prisoners and citizen’s. Civil liability means a lawsuit filed by a person’s against another person. Most civil lawsuits usually seeks monetary damages such as; for injury or losses that the party alleges that the other person which would be the defendant has caused. (Civil Liability, 2017). When the defendant is found guilty of the damages, he or she must pay whatever monetary damages the jury or the judge award to the plaintiff for the harm alleged by the plaintiff that the defendant caused and the damages suffered. Civil court work differently than criminal court because in civil court cases the plaintiff only needs to prove
Chapter two offers clarity on the subject of legalism and, through the words and actions of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., chapter two also conveys the dangers of blind obedience. The foundation of legalism is based on a set of laws that are intended to enforce morally correct behavior. Ultimately, in the grand scheme, these laws should protect personal rights, beliefs and safety whilst promoting ethical conduct. However, as Reverend Martin Luther King points out, laws should be carefully scrutinized for unfair and unreasonable policy that may only benefit a limited audience or agenda. If such laws are deemed unjust, doing nothing makes a person an equal contributor in the vain of moral corruption. Throughout the chapter it is shown that