INTERNET:
Introduction
The invention of 1960s has revolutionized the computer and communications world. It is a wide network of networks typically inter-connected by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies that has no geographical constraints whatsoever. Unlike technologies such as the telephone or the light bulb, the internet has no single ‘inventor’. Credit has to be given to dozens of pioneering scientists, programmers and engineers who overcame the obstacles of complex software and hardware designing over a period of time. The result is a miraculous medium of communication, often termed as the ‘information superhighway’. The history of internet can thus be termed as the ‘evolution’ of internet rather than the ‘invention’ of internet.
Who invented internet? When was it invented?
Leonard Kleinrock is often regarded to have come up with the initial idea of the internet. His Paper publication named ‘Information Flow In Large Communication Nets’ dated May 31st 1961, spoke of the possibility of a system called internet. J.C.R Licklider and Robert Taylor also had influential ideas on the creation of internet. Summer of 1968, Network Working Group (NWG) had its first meeting with the Stanford Resource Institute (SRI) and this meeting was headed by Elmer Shapiro and they resolved issues related to communications of host.
Licklider became the Director of US Depeartment of Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and this government agency is responsible for the creation of a time sharing network of computers known as the ARPANET, which is the predecessor of todays internet.
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn invented TCP/ IP protocol in the 1970’s and in 1972 the idea of netwrking was introduced by Ray...
... middle of paper ...
...s are not telecaste, internet turns out to be the saviour.
Internet is a cost efficient alternative to almost all the important softwares available in the market, software cd’s could be a bit on the expensive side and many of these softwares can be downloaded from the internet for free. Hence for office workers and people from all sorts of business enterprices, internet is often seen to be a time saving and cost efficient measure to upgrade their management system.
Internet has managed to reduce the gap between the rich and poor, literate and illiterate, male and female. The closeness the common people share from all the nations can be attirubted to the internet. Today, a man from India, can be seen playing an online game with someone from Argentina. So the day we percieve the world as one is not far behind and the internet is the sole reason for such a major feet.
The history of the internet takes us back to the pioneering of the network and the development of capable technologies. The explosion of the internet’s popularity of the 1990’s was large and dramatic, boosting our economy and then helped to bring it into a major recession. One can only hope that the explosion becomes organized and slightly standardized in the interest of the general public. Despite all of these conjectures and speculations only time can tell the future of the largest network in the world.
Soon, the Internet underwent a transition from a single network to a linked one, becoming a network of networks, making it the largest information source in the history of the world. Through the 1980's, the "Net", itself, sparked a massive demand...
The internet is a new way people can interact with one another or keep track on what is going on around the world. It is changing how people live their daily lives and is shaping a new way of society. New technology comes out every day to help people and make their lives easier. From finding a perfect couple to talking to old friends that live far away, the internet has brought society closer than It ever has been before. This is changing the outcome on how people track one another or knowing what’s going on around the world or even just around your neighborhood. The internet is making it easier to know what people are up to. These new ways of keeping in touch help society come close in times of stress or teaches people new ideas that they
The Internet was started over three decades ago as a US government sponsored project. The Internet originally connected several universities and the government; it eventually grew to include some private companies/research labs. As such, the initial users of the Internet were scientists/technologists who were well versed in the workings of the network (and who did not have the malicious intents of modern hackers). The motivation of the Internet at this time was to provide a robust nationwide communication network and to allow for the sharing of scientific research/resources around the nation1. The original architecture of the Internet is often described as an end-to-end architecture. The end-to-end architecture is a decentralized one in which a “mechanism should not be placed in the network if it can be placed at the end node” 2. This type of design keeps the core of the network simple and generic.
The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The original network has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a "de facto" standard.
“The Net’s beginnings went largely unnoticed by the public. For all its technological brilliance, the Internet of today is far removed from the concepts that propelled initial research. And the Internet’s story- which has become the World Wide Web’s story- has not been so much one of planned development as of individual genius, at least until recently.” (Gilster. 1997).
It is crazy to believe that such a brilliant invention like the internet has only been around for about sixty years. The internet began with the use of huge electronic computers in the 1950’s but the use of “telegraphing” and the general concept of the internet came in to play way before the cyber world was invented. The whole concept of the internet is to send data from point A to point B and this concept was being practiced way before dial-up internet on a Dell computer was in the picture. Before individuals had access to ...
The Internet was first introduced in 1969 when a program called ARPA or Advanced Research Projects Agency. ARPA had provided a way to communicate, through a network, with the country in case of a military attack had destroyed traditional communication. It also connected four United States universities and was used for research, education and government organizations. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced E-mail. In 1973, Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) became the standard for computers to communicate over the Internet. In 1982 the word Internet is used for the first time. The domain name system (DNS) is introduced in 1984, which identified network addresses with .com, .org, and .edu. From that point on everything began to rapidly change. Things like America Online was developed, viruses start...
In our society, there has been a revolution which competes that of the industrial revolution. It is called technological revolution. At the top of the technological revolution is what we call, the Internet. In the following report we will be discussing about what the internet is about in general and how it might be in the future, why it is necessary in our everyday lives, and why has it become so important to everyone (i.e. companies, individuals ).
The Internet has undergone a remarkable transformation since its early days. The original Internet was a low-speed, text-based network used to connect a few government sites to the research and defense contracting community. The Department of Defense began a project known as ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) back in the late 1960's, starting the first internet. It was designed by the network architects to interconnect government computers with defense contractors (Banta 2). The design of the network was such that no one computer system was dependent upon the functioning of any of the other computer systems. If any one computer network node was destroyed, such as in a nuclear attack, the rest of the network would continue to operate (Banta 2).
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
On October 29, 1969 Lawrence Roberts had created the first two nodes to travel between UCLA and SRI International. This project was originally conducted under the Advanced Research Projects Agency to counteract the USSR’s launch of the Sputnik. After the creation it had been called the Arpanet, and would be used specifically for government networks until the early 90’s. In 1990 the World Wide Web had been created as an online public network for everyday civilians to use. At least three decades later the web has grown to include over a million sites, while maintaining the original governments use to maintain a network between locations.
The use of the Internet offers a variety of benefits to everyone. Firstly, the internet makes it easier to search things and find out information within seconds. This helps us to know what is happening in the world and around us.
The Internet’s beginnings stemmed from the US Department of Defenses Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPNET, developed by ARPA in 1969, was the first stable link between multiple computers. This occurred ten years after the first conceptual network architectural models which were initiated by Paul Baran and Donald Davies (History, 2014, p. 1, para 3). During the 1960’s and 1970’s ARPA was a primary source of funding for
Only five years after Barran proposed his version of a computer network, ARPANET went online. Named after its federal sponsor, ARPANET initially linked four high-speed supercomputers and was intended to allow scientists and researchers to share computing facilities by long-distance. By 1971, ARPANET had grown to fifteen nodes, and by 1972, thirty-seven. ARPA’s original standard for communication was known as “Network Control Protocol” or NCP. As time passed, however, NCP grew obsolete and was replaced by a new, higher-level standard known as TCP-IP, which is still in use today.