The International Civil Aviation Organization
Origin, Objectives and Achievements
Introduction:
Civil aviation is a powerful force for progress in our modern global society. It creates and supports millions of jobs worldwide. It forms part of the economic lifeline of many countries. It is a catalyst for travel and tourism, the world's largest industry. Beyond economics, air transport enriches the social and cultural fabric of society and contributes to the attainment of peace and prosperity throughout the world. Therefore, providing a cohesive, global form of organization for such activities is essential in ensuring their quality, stability and effectiveness.
The International Civil Aviation Organization:
I- Definition:
The International Civil Aviation Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose mandate is to ensure the efficient, safe and orderly evolution of international civil aviation.
II- Origin:
The International Civil Aviation Organization was first established in Chicago, U.S in December 1941, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which also formed its charter. The convention, also known as the Chicago convention, established rules of airspace, airplane registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel.
The charter document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947. The convention has since been revised seven times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, and 2000).
The convention states that the organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.
 The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years
• Reviews in detail the work of the Organization.
• Sets policy for the coming years and establishes a triennial budget.
• Elects the Council, the governing body for a three-year term.
 The Council is composed of members from 33 States who maintain their offices and conduct their business at the ICAO Headquarters.
• Adopts Standards and Recommended Practices and incorporates them as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
• Gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO.
• Develops Standards, with the assistance of:
The Air Navigation Commission in technical matters.
The Air Transport Committee in economic matters.
The Committee on Unlawful Interference in aviation security matters.
A Standard: Is any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, which is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation .
For the phase-out of the CAB and its authority over domestic routes and fares, For the phase-out of existing economic regulations formerly constituting barriers to competition, Safeguards for the protection of air carrier service to small communities, For the facilitation of entry of air carriers in to new markets, and For certain protection of airline employees who may be adversely affected by the results of the Act.” (p. 228-229) During the times of regulation the Airline industry was completely controlled by the Civil Aero The CAB controlled everything from the price of fares, the routes that the airlines would travel and service, and also airline mergers. According to (Lawrence, 2004) “it was specifically charged with the promotion, encouragement, and development of civil aeronautics.”
The Web. 22 Apr. 2009. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'.
According to the International Air Transport Association, 2001 was only the second year in the history of civil aviation in which international traffic declined. Overall, it is believed that the IATA membership of airlines collectively lost more than US$12 billion during this time (Dixon, 2002).
33 countries. The ages of members range from 13 to 25 in which half the members
The FAA is a government agency who provides our country with the safest aerospace system in the world today. The FAA was not easily created though it was formed over many years and through the passage of many different bills and acts. The FAA started to take shape in the early 1900's. When the commercial aviation industry was first getting its start many leaders believed that without proper regulation and safety rules, that were set by the federal government, the aviation industry would not succeed. So to achieve their goal Congress passed the Air Commerce Act of 1926. This act made the Secretary of Commerce responsible for making aviation rules, regulations and certifying pilots and aircrafts. It also created an Aeronautics Branch in the Department of Commerce, which oversaw everything about aviation. This Branch of the Government was headed by William MacCracken, and it was the first predecessor to the FAA.
The ICRC is sometimes thought of as the Grandfather of the modern humanitarian movement. It is very well funded, sets high standards, and is highly respected around the world. The ICRC is not an NGO. It is an independent, neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war and armed violence. The Geneva Conventions give it a unique status. The ICRC has a permanent mandate under international law to take impartial action for prisoners, the wounded and sick, and civilians affected by
Those countries are also members to the UN. Another similarity between UN and NATO is that all the members are sovereign states. The membership between UN is open to all peace loving states that are able and willing to carry out the duties required by the charter. Both the Security Council and General Assembly must approve applications. If you violate the UN charter in any way, you may be suspended or expelled.
Flight fee is one of the biggest nightmares of the passenger. In this regard, such an initiative is a win-win situation for the Asiana airlines. The establishment of extensive cabin retrofits is also a great improvement to the customer service delivery. The airline also boosts customer experience in a bid to achieve the airline’s sustainability through the provision of lie-flat seats. The seats boost comfort for the passengers aboard; hence, reduction of exhaustion. According to Asian Development Bank (2009), the airline provides the passengers with a sizeable monitor, especially for the business class passengers. The practical productivity of team relies on upon its hypothetical planning, information of an aeronautical building, and tenets of its operation, including exceptional circumstances, and propensities for utilization of this learning, furthermore on order and determination of pilot-in-charge of aircraft and group individuals. The administration productivity air movement, the associations of flight action and a wide range of upkeep of aircraft in the greatest degree is controlled by the proficiency of the action association in the modern undertakings, cognizance of initiators, and the moral obligation of leaders of all positions for action concerning security control of
The Web. 29 Apr. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. http://www.2facts.com/article/i1700040>. The “Federal Aviation Administration.” Google Definitions.
The formation of the ICRC dates back to the year 1863 where there was need to provide relief and reduce the suffering of those involved in armed conflict and other disasters and development of laws and regulations to govern conducts of those who took part in this armed conflicts as International Humanitarian Law.
Air travel is a huge and tremendously flourishing industry. Globalization can be defined as the integration of national and local economics, culture and societies through a web of communication, transportation and trade. The current era considers globalization as the dominant driver of almost all business due to the influence or the international market. The emerging prosperity of the global aviation industry plays a substantial role in economic growth, tourism, global investment and world trade, which are the impacts of globalization. This essay portrays the negative and positive effects of this globalization on the airline industry.
The IOC is an international non-governmental and non-profit organization, which constituted itself on 23 June 1894. They also have an unlimited duration in the form of an association. The organization recognized by the Swiss Federal Council according with an agreement signed on 1 November, 2000. Besides providing a platform for the athletes to battle or competition, the IOC has work out a mission.
Although the UNSC was created in 1945, there has only been one noteworthy reform in its entire 69 year establishment. This was done in 1965 as a means to expand the Security Council from 11 to 15 members as well as the required majority from seven to nine. However, this was mainly due only to the rapid addition of around 53 member-states to the UN by 1963 (Diehl, 2005, p. 450). This is interesting as there are currently 193 member states apart of the UN but there has not been a significant Security Council reform in 53 years. This is interesting since the UN charter states that the UN is based on sovereign equality for all and the Security Council main goal is ...
The demand for aviation transportation has never been greater with airports playing a key role in the overall success of the air transportation system and for over 40 years the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has listed over 5,000 public use airports as being important to the public need for aviation services (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 10).
On July 17, 1998, a conference of 160 States established the first treaty-based permanent international criminal court (Hebel, n.d.). The treaty adopted is known as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It sets out the crimes falling within the jurisdiction of the ICC, the rules of procedure and the mechanisms for states to cooperate with the ICC (Hebel, n.d.). The main court of the ICC is in the Netherlands, but proceedings from the ICC may occur elsewhere in the world. The ICC is funded by 122 countries, and so...