The Injustice of Female Genital Mutilation
opinion Essay
1507 words
The horror of female genital mutilation is a global issue, and it is also one surprising foreign to Americans although an estimated ten thousand girls in the United States are currently at risk of this operation (Sarkis par. 1). This is a cultural practice that is both unethical and incredibly detrimental to its victims besides obviously being in direct violation of basic human rights. In order to attain a broader view of this issue the following will be examined: basic information about this practice, organizations fighting it, current news pertaining to it, recent academic articles evaluating it, and the question of how it can be stopped.
FGM has recently been receiving growing media attention due to the controversy surrounding it, but the newfound attention is also in hopes that widespread awareness will bring about change. Female genital mutilation, or FGM when abbreviated, is also known as female circumcision, but this practice is far more drastic than male circumcision and is actually more comparable to a surgery in males where the entire penis is removed (Sarkis par. 4). FGM is classified into three different categories based on the extent of the procedure, but it usually entails the removal or the clitoris and/or the adjacent labia. The third degree of FGM is so severe that the female must be cut open to engage in sexual intercourse from that point on (Sarkis par. 5). This surgery is commonly performed in unsanitary conditions with unclean sharp tools like razor blades, kitchen knives, scissors, and pieces of glass (Sarkis par. 6). Female children usually undergo this procedure at three years of age (Sarkis par. 10). Sarkis also states, “Besides the obvious initial pains of the operations, FGM has long-term physiological, sexual, and psychological effects” (par. 7). It is done for a number of reasons ranging from the prevention of marital infidelity to using it as a cultural rite of passage, but more numerous than the reasons behind it are the countries that partake in it. FGM is most common in Middle Eastern countries and throughout Africa (Sarkis par. 2). FGM is by no means a one-dimensional problem or something that can be recovered from. It is, most significantly, a life-altering procedure.
One of the major groups fighting FGM is The Female Genital Mutilation Education and Networking Project. It focuses primarily on the “knowledge is power” aspect, meaning that it concentrates more on educating the population of FGM in an effort to bring reform instead of direct actions.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the horror of female genital mutilation is a global issue, and it is one surprising foreign to americans although an estimated ten thousand girls in the united states are currently at risk.
- Explains that female genital mutilation, or fgm, is more drastic than male circumcision and is comparable to a surgery in males where the entire penis is removed.
- Explains that the female genital mutilation education and networking project focuses on educating the population of fgm in an effort to bring reform instead of direct actions.
- Explains that the horror of female genital mutilation is a global issue, and it is one surprising foreign to americans although an estimated ten thousand girls in the united states are currently at risk.
- Explains that female genital mutilation, or fgm, is more drastic than male circumcision and is comparable to a surgery in males where the entire penis is removed.
- Explains that the female genital mutilation education and networking project focuses on educating the population of fgm in an effort to bring reform instead of direct actions.
- Compares equality now, a major player in the war against fgm, which is more action-focused, and committed to the civil, political, economic and social rights of females.
- Explains that equality now played a major role in the recent banning of female circumcision in senegal, africa.
- Explains that more than half a dozen african nations south of the sahara have instituted bans, which are enforced with fines and jail terms.
- Opines that it is important for local groups against fgm to gain international support.
- Explains that kluge published a paper entitled "female genital mutilation, cultural values and ethics" that uses basic ethics to prove it "ethically indefensible."
- Opines that physicians who accede to such requests reduce the danger of medical complications, but become direct agents of harm that has no medical justification.
- Explains that it is medically unethical to perform any procedure that has no medical justification, and the cultural reasons that are offered are nonsense.
- Analyzes how the article names voluntary fgm as unethical since it is either performed on minors, hence their parents are to blame for not acting in the best interest of the minor, or because the adult woman agrees out of coercion.
- Analyzes adinma's article on the practice and perceptions of female genital mutilation among nigerian igbo women based on a questionnaire-based face-to-face interview.
- Opines that combining general information, information on organizations, news stories, and academic reports brought in a sense of connectedness and thoroughness that would have been impossible otherwise.
- Cites adinma, j.i.b., crossette, barbara, and kluge, e.w.
- Explains sarkis, marianne, and the female genital mutilation education and networking project.
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- Warrior Marksopinion essayFemale genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is a practice that involves the removal of part or all of the female external genitalia. It occurs throughout the world, but most commonly in Africa where they say that it is a tradition and social custom to keep a young girl pure and a married woman faithful. But to some Westerners, the practice is viewed as being primitive and barbaric. We react with disgust and find it nearly incomprehensible that female genital mutilation can occur in the world today
In this essay, the author
- Explains that female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is a practice that involves the removal of part or all of the female external
- Analyzes how alice walker's book, "warrior marks," looks at the reality that millions of african, asian and indian women suffer from genital mutilation.
- Analyzes how the book discusses the health risks that are involved in the practice. the women who perform the surgery have a minimal knowledge of anatomy and hygiene, which results in infections of the genital and hiv.
- Explains that female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is a practice that involves the removal of part or all of the female external
- Analyzes how alice walker's book, "warrior marks," looks at the reality that millions of african, asian and indian women suffer from genital mutilation.
- Analyzes how the book discusses the health risks that are involved in the practice. the women who perform the surgery have a minimal knowledge of anatomy and hygiene, which results in infections of the genital and hiv.
- Analyzes how walker emphasizes that these african women are not victims, but survivors. they grow gardens on dry land and trade food, clothing, and crafts in the marketplace.
- Explains that female circumcision is based on gender oppression and degradation of women.
- Explains that circumcision procedures are performed under unsanitary conditions. they use non-sterilized tools like knives, scalpels or a piece of glass. normal risks include hemorrhage, severe pain, shock, infection, and even death.
- Opines that female genital mutilation is a human-rights issue and that girls should have the right to live safe and healthy lives.
- Opines that extreme diets, breast implants, liposuction and other painful and potentially dangerous processes for beauty, love, and social acceptance are wrong because they are not natural.
- Opines that female genital mutilation is a violent and cruel practice, and hopes that someday, people will stop it.
- Explains that people want to save these children who are being tortured by their own people, but the practice is not being done intentionally to harm anyone. mothers do it in good faith for their children because they love them.
- Opines that women are fighting to end this practice through educational and political protest. the women health organization is urging nations to ban female circumcision.
1027 wordsRead More - The History of Female Genital Mutilation and Its Consequencesexplanatory essayAccording to many Americans, female genital mutilation is one of the most hurtful practices ever conducted. During this operation, female genitals are partly or entirely removed with the goal of inhibiting the woman’s sexual feelings. In my opinion, there is no reason for this operation to be happening. This usually occurs before the female experiences puberty (between the ages of four and eight). The female can suffer for days, weeks, or even months at a time. This ritual is widely practiced in many parts of Africa and by migrants from African countries in other parts of the world (Karmaker 20-28). If Americans research and read what people say about this operation, they can understand what these women and girls go through. We can talk to the people who have experienced this process first hand and get them to share their experiences and how life continued after the operation.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that female genital mutilation is one of the most hurtful practices ever conducted.
- Explains the history of female genital mutilation, which is from egypt and later spread to east africa.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is outlawed in 33 countries outside of africa and the middle east.
- Opines that female genital mutilation is one of the most hurtful practices ever conducted.
- Explains the history of female genital mutilation, which is from egypt and later spread to east africa.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is outlawed in 33 countries outside of africa and the middle east.
- Explains that over 30,000 women have experienced first-hand female genital mutilation and thousands of girls are at risk. khalid adem cut his daughters clitoris with scissors in 2006 and was sentenced to ten years in prison.
- Explains that peltzer, karl, and supa pengpid. "female genital mutilation and intimate partner violence in the ivory coast."
1048 wordsRead More - Female Genital Circumcision Essayanalytical essayFemale genital circumcision (FGC) is a cultural ritual that is performed to the vast majority of women within the countries of Sudan, Kenya, Mali, Benin, Togo, and parts of the Middle East. Female genital circumcision also termed as female genital mutilation is used based upon a person’s beliefs. This ritual has been highly controversial for many years especially in the western society, due to the health risks that women may have to go through. Doctor Gruenbaum, and anthropologist who studied FGC in Sudan, has researched this topic and believes that outsiders need to have an open mind about diverse cultures. I believe that this procedure should not be illegal; however, education about the risks of the procedure should be enforced in the countries where this takes place, in order to create a safer environment for the ritual to be performed in. The goal of this essay is to know what Female Genital Circumcision is and different types of FGC and why this is performed and why it is important for outsiders to not have ethnocentric views when dealing with this. This essay also deals with why it should be medicalized instead of enforcing laws to ban this years long tradition in all African countries. When challenging female genital circumcision, we are also challenging the people who perform this procedure, their culture, values and beliefs.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that female genital circumcision is a cultural ritual that is performed to the vast majority of women within the countries of sudan, kenya, mali, benin, togo, and parts of the middle east.
- Explains that fgc is performed for a variety of reasons, such as the view that the woman who is circumcised is pure, and the importance of marriage.
- Explains that there are anti-fgc women from parts of africa who strive to change the procedure. they push for religion to proceed with the entire ritual except for the physical aspect of cutting the female genital.
- Explains that female genital circumcision is a cultural ritual that is performed to the vast majority of women within the countries of sudan, kenya, mali, benin, togo, and parts of the middle east.
- Explains that fgc is performed for a variety of reasons, such as the view that the woman who is circumcised is pure, and the importance of marriage.
- Explains that there are anti-fgc women from parts of africa who strive to change the procedure. they push for religion to proceed with the entire ritual except for the physical aspect of cutting the female genital.
- Argues that it is not important for girls to be cut severely and is more of a recommendation than an obligation.
- Explains the social and cultural benefits of female genital circumcision, which is a sacred ritual in rural african villages.
- Explains that economy plays a vital role in fgc, due to the economic status of most villages and rural areas in nigeria and sudan.
- Explains that westerners view fgc as harmful because of the health risks and consequences that can happen during and after the procedure due to poor tools.
- Opines that female genital mutilation is a cultural tradition that has been banned in the united kingdom.
- Analyzes how dr. greunbaum's book, the female circumcision controversy: an anthropological perspective, suggests that women are the strongest advocates.
- Analyzes how dr. greunbaum concludes that women are dependent on this ritual for their social and economic status and cannot abandon it quickly as is expected.
- Opines that circumcision should be a choice, and the government should not be against it.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is a non-medical procedure that is practiced in many african communities.
2844 wordsRead More - Female Genital Mutilationexplanatory essay2. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: AN INTRODUCTION. National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers FGM Awareness and Education Project. Box 2512 San Anselmo, CA 94979
In this essay, the author
- Explains that if fgm is not done, older men may not be able to match their wives' sex drive and may have to resort to illegal stimulating drugs.
- Explains that fgm was started during the "al-gahiliyya" (era of ignorance). the bible is silent on the subject, but the sunnah contains a number of references to female circumcision.
- Introduces the national organization of circumcision information resource centers fgm awareness and education project.
- Explains that if fgm is not done, older men may not be able to match their wives' sex drive and may have to resort to illegal stimulating drugs.
- Explains that fgm was started during the "al-gahiliyya" (era of ignorance). the bible is silent on the subject, but the sunnah contains a number of references to female circumcision.
- Introduces the national organization of circumcision information resource centers fgm awareness and education project.
- Explains that female genital mutilation began in egypt 2,000 years ago and spread from there. the united nations has labeled it a violation of human rights.
- Explains the dangers of female circumcision, such as the unsanitary conditions in which they take place, and the long-term complications.
- Cites abu-sahlieh sami's "to mutilate in the name of jehovah or allah: legitimization of male and female circumcision: available online at http://www.hollyfeld.org.
1710 wordsRead More - Essay On Geniital Mutilationexplanatory essayThere’s a organization today to help stop this critical dilemma. Woman all over the world are fighting for this practice who has affected woman for more than 5,000 years. These entire women want to have their voices heard. Everyone and anyone can help fight back for this young girls and woman by giving donations to bring this dreadful experience to an end. Donations can be made on www.stopfgmnow.com. Because If the community won’t help stop it people doing it won’t. “Female genital mutilation targets little girls, baby girls – fragile angels who cannot fight back. It’s a crime against humanity. It’s abuse. Its absolute criminal and we have to stop it – Waris Dirie
In this essay, the author
- Explains that female genital mutilation is performed based on religion and cultural causes, but victims explain it as a crime.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is a heartbreaking practice that violates basic human rights and must be banned worldwide.
- Explains the four types of female genital mutilation: clitoridectomy, infibulation, and burning tissues around the clitoris.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is performed based on religion and cultural causes, but victims explain it as a crime.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is a heartbreaking practice that violates basic human rights and must be banned worldwide.
- Explains the four types of female genital mutilation: clitoridectomy, infibulation, and burning tissues around the clitoris.
- Opines that this ritual is inhumane since it has no logic because it is practiced without a medical cause.
- Explains that female genital mutilation scars their victims with a lifetime irrevocable internal laceration. this practice has dislodged the childhood of countless girls yet, till today's date.
- Explains that the pharaohs discovered a mummified princess' body, which was genitally mutilated.
- Opines that many countries have their own reason and judgment of when and how this practice is, and will be done. according to path.org in egypt 67% of the cases are done because well tradition, 30% religion needs and 36% for hygienic
- Explains that fgm is commonly in the middle east and some parts of asia but mainly in all 29 countries of africa.
- Explains that nothing justifies abuse and severe pain. the most common reasons are religion, culture cause or social.
- Explains that the family of the victims of this ritual do it because it's considered to be a footstep into womanhood and their daughter will be considered an absolute woman.
- Explains that the ritual is so severe that a woman loses her dignity and is at risk of loosing her own life. it refuses girls and women their right of freedom and intellectual intrigue.
- Opines that bleeding is dangerous and violates women's rights. women have dreadful bleeding during menstrual bleeding and painful sexual activity.
- Explains that female gentital mutilation has noumerous effects which none of them are positive. depression is a critical outcome of this practice because they will have flashbacks of that dreadful moment
- Explains that childbirth and sexual activity are two major and critical situations that a woman has trouble after having female genital mutilation cutting done to her.
- Opines that millions of women want this nightmare to come to an end, but others don't accept it because religion and social acceptance is greater than their desire to stop this cruelty to woman.
- Opines that women all over the world are fighting for female genital mutilation, which has affected women for more than 5,000 years. donations can be made on www.stopfgmnow.com.
1241 wordsRead More - Female Genital Mutilationexplanatory essayThe practice occurs in Africa, the Middle East, parts of Asia, and in immigrant communities in Europe and North America. An estimated 135 million of the world's girls and women have undergone genital mutilation, and two million girls a year are at risk - approximately 6,000 per day - about one every 15 seconds. (1) Although Female Genital Mutilation predates Islam and is not practiced by the majority of Muslims, it has acquired this religious dimension. However, FGM is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual. In Africa and the Middle East it is performed by Muslims, Coptic Christians, members of various indigenous groups, Protestants, and Catholics; to name a few.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that female circumcision is a destructive and invasive procedure involving the removal or alteration of female genital.
- Explains that female genital mutilation occurs in africa, the middle east, parts of asia, and immigrant communities in europe and north america.
- Explains that the type of mutilation practiced, the age at which it is carried out, and the way its done varies according to a variety of factors.
- Explains that female circumcision is a destructive and invasive procedure involving the removal or alteration of female genital.
- Explains that female genital mutilation occurs in africa, the middle east, parts of asia, and immigrant communities in europe and north america.
- Explains that the type of mutilation practiced, the age at which it is carried out, and the way its done varies according to a variety of factors.
- Explains that infibulation is the third and most dramatic procedure of fgm's; it has been banned in some countries but still exists in others.
- Explains that in various cultures there are different "justifications" for female genital mutilation including preserving cultural and gender identity, controlling women sexuality, and other things.
- Explains that societies that practice infibulation are strongly patriarchal. preventing women from indulging in "illegitimate" sex is vital because the honor of the whole family is dependent on it.
- Explains that the clitoris is dangerous and must be removed for health reasons.
- Explains that bad genital odors can only be eliminated by removing the clitoris and labia minora.
- Explains that an intact clitoris generates sexual arousal in women which can cause neuroses if repressed. the most common justification for fgm is its tradition.
- Explains the serious and fatal effects of clitoridectomy and excision on women, including pain, shock, hemorrhage, and damage to the organs surrounding them.
- Opines that the controversy regarding female genital mutilation is a form of hypocrisy and cultural imperialism.
- Describes how they were genitally mutilated at the age of ten. they were blindfolded, stripped, and carried by two strong women to the site for the operation.
- Narrates how they put up a big fight during the operation. they were badly cut, lost blood, and were half-drunk with alcohol.
- Describes how they were mutilated with a blunt penknife and had to stand upright to urinate. they suffered from acute vaginal infections, which was attributed to witchcraft.
1854 wordsRead More - The Inequality of Female Genital Mutilationopinion essay"Did you know that 125 million women have experienced female genital mutilation worldwide, and 3 million girls estimate at risk of the procedure each year"? (Facts to End FGM). Female genital mutilation is a procedure for females that implicates partial or total removal of the female genital organs. This procedure intentionally alters or causes injury to the female that can have short and long-term health risks with no benefits. In recent years, the practice of female genital mutilation has been increasingly in the news, generating a complex debate about cultural norms and the worth of sexual functioning (Nussbaum 13). Female genital mutilation is known in terms such as female circumcision and female genital cutting. Female circumcision is the action or traditional practices of cutting off the clitoris and sometimes the labia of girls or young women. FGM contemplates as a dull violation of human rights for women and girls. There are four types of FGM operations. The first type is excision or removal of the clitoral hood, that is either with or without removal of parts or all of the clitoris. The second type is the removal of the clitoris together with parts or all the labia minora. The third type is the removal of or all the external genitalia. The fourth type is a variety of procedures that includes, scraping or cutting of the vagina and surrounding tissues. "The World Health Organization estimates that overall, in today's world between 85 and 115 million women have had such operations" (Nussbaum 13).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that 125 million women have experienced female genital mutilation worldwide and 3 million girls estimate at risk of the procedure each year.
- Argues that fgm should stop because it's absolutely not fair for girls to go through this horrible procedure at such a young age.
- Opines that female genital mutilation needs to end because it brings a lot of consequences in short and long-term health risks.
- Explains that 125 million women have experienced female genital mutilation worldwide and 3 million girls estimate at risk of the procedure each year.
- Argues that fgm should stop because it's absolutely not fair for girls to go through this horrible procedure at such a young age.
- Opines that female genital mutilation needs to end because it brings a lot of consequences in short and long-term health risks.
- Opines that the practice of female circumcision is a violation of the children's rights and should be discontinued.
- Opines that the world should pay closer attention to this tradition that is hurting nearly two million women each year.
- Explains that while many people disapprove of fgm, there are many who approve of the procedure.
1237 wordsRead More - Female Genital Mutilationanalytical essayTaylor, Vivienne. “Female Genital Mutilation: Cultural Practice or Child Abuse?” Pediatric Nursing 15.1 (2003): 31-34.
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how the circumciser cut netsent's clitoris, inner and outer labia, and explains that two million girls undergo the devastating and disfiguring practice of genital cutting.
- Explains the three broad categories of fgm: clitoridectomy, excision, and infibulation.
- Explains that the invasive characteristics of fgm and the unsanitary conditions under which it is usually performed can have serious consequences.
- Narrates how the circumciser cut netsent's clitoris, inner and outer labia, and explains that two million girls undergo the devastating and disfiguring practice of genital cutting.
- Explains the three broad categories of fgm: clitoridectomy, excision, and infibulation.
- Explains that the invasive characteristics of fgm and the unsanitary conditions under which it is usually performed can have serious consequences.
- Explains that the number of girls and women who have suffered fgm is estimated to be as high as 140 million, almost 6,000 new mutilations each day.
- Explains that fgm is not a religious practice required by the islamic faith. it is associated with female sexual purity, and young women who have not been excised have little chance of marriage.
- Explains that clitoridectomy was promoted in the united states and britain during the 19th and early 20th centuries as a cure for lesbian practices or suspected inclinations, masturbation, hysteria, epilepsy, and nervousness.
- Explains that western anthropologists have equated the practice of fgm with western practices like breast augmentation and tattooing, but this argument is flawed for two reasons.
- Explains that many human rights organizations view fgm as a violation of their rights, calling for its eradication. the world health organization, unfpa, and unicef announced efforts to end the practice.
- Explains the economic factors that contribute to the cultural importance of fgm, such as the ritual that surrounds the practice.
- Argues that feminists and human rights activists have created resentment by not respecting the social and religious implications of fgm.
- Explains that education programs that are sensitive to the cultural and religious importance of fgm seem to be the best hope of eradicating the practice.
- Explains that not all governments have welcomed efforts to eradicate fgm. the west african nation of gambia has prohibited any programming that opposes it from being broadcast on state-owned radio and television stations.
- Analyzes how the reaction of the gambian government toward educational efforts to end fgm illustrates the difficulty faced by those trying to eradicate the practice.
- Describes the works of imad-ad-dean al-ahmad, veronica english, and jan goodwin on female genital mutilation.
1782 wordsRead More - Gender Inequalityanalytical essay"Female Genital Mutilation and Other Harmful Practices." WHO. Ed. WHO. World Health Organization, 2014. Web. 03 June 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the 1950s in the united states were the golden age of masculinity, and the professional world is vying for more female presence in particular spheres of influence.
- Explains that equality is the integrated atmosphere that promotes participation from all fields of humanity and regards people as individuals of talent and creativity, without reference to gender, religion, or race
- Explains that middle eastern and north african countries show dismal efforts to change gender policies and cultural bias. global progress is needed in the human rights sector across the board.
- Explains that the 1950s in the united states were the golden age of masculinity, and the professional world is vying for more female presence in particular spheres of influence.
- Explains that equality is the integrated atmosphere that promotes participation from all fields of humanity and regards people as individuals of talent and creativity, without reference to gender, religion, or race
- Explains that middle eastern and north african countries show dismal efforts to change gender policies and cultural bias. global progress is needed in the human rights sector across the board.
- Opines that gender inequality has been created by historical stereotypes, customs and social policies which have evolved in some areas and been stagnated in others.
- Argues that the gender imbalance in politics is alarming, as only 18.3% of congress is female, while 20% of senators and 17.9% of representatives are women.
- Cites adra, najwa, hadreas, olivia, and inglehart, ronald. "women and peacebuilding in yemen: challenges and opportunities."
- Opines that the nordic region is a gender equality paradise.
- Analyzes how al-muslimi, farea, and donnelly, michele, conducted a gender equality audit of the london 2012 olympics.
1215 wordsRead More - Female Genital Mutilation: Children of the United Kingdomexplanatory essayWHO. Female Genital Mutilation: Integrating the Prevention and the Management of the Health Complications into the curricula of nursing and midwifery. n.p.: WHO, 2001.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that only now someone is prosecuted, almost 30 years after legislature condemned the practice of fgm.
- Explains that the number of females subjected to fgm on a world scale is approximately 130 million, and annually, around 3 million girls undergo this procedure.
- Explains that the world health organization (who) identifies four different types of fgm: clitoridectomy, excision, and labia minora.
- Explains that only now someone is prosecuted, almost 30 years after legislature condemned the practice of fgm.
- Explains that the number of females subjected to fgm on a world scale is approximately 130 million, and annually, around 3 million girls undergo this procedure.
- Explains that the world health organization (who) identifies four different types of fgm: clitoridectomy, excision, and labia minora.
- Explains infibulation and other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, which serve no health benefits and can damage females in multiple ways.
- Explains that fgm is caused by a mix of cultural, religious, and social factors within families and communities. the wfo states that there are no religions that prescribe the mutilation but that many people think that the practice has religious support.
- Explains that equality is a concept that can create peace and justice (as fairness) in the world. there are no logical reasons why white people should rule over black people or rich born people.
- Cites human rights education association's "african charter on the rights and welfare of the child".
- Describes the first female genital mutilation prosecutions announced by the british medical association (bma).
- States that a statistical study to estimate the prevalence of fgm in england and wales.
- Explains the female genital mutilation act 2003 and who's factsheets on the subject.
- Explains human rights education association's "right to culture." mackie, gerry, rawls, john, and silverman.
- Explains un's "cedaw 29th session 30 june to 25 july 2003." un. "the universal declaration of human rights," un news center.
991 wordsRead More - Female Genital Mutilationexplanatory essayFemales as a general population have been faced with discrimination across the ages. In recent history, women have begun to assert their freedom and independence from the male oriented traditions that have spanned generations. In industrialized countries the discrimination of women has diminished, but a serious form of violation of human rights occurs sometimes in parts of the world, such as Africa, the Middle East, and even sometimes the United States and other industrialized countries in North America and Europe. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an umbrella term for three subtypes of crimes committed against women as a part of various coming of age rituals for young girls in certain patriarchal communities in Africa, spreading through migration of a populace through Northeastern and Western Africa and some spread into the Middle Eastern countries. These communities integrated this practice into women through marriage into these cultures, spreading this practice into their daughters and so forth. FGM has been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three basic subtypes, each growing more and more disturbing. Subtype number one is a clitoridectomy which is the complete or partial removal of the clitoris, while subtype two it includes the clitoridectomy plus the removal of the labia minora of the young girl. Alone, these two types of FGM composed approximately 90 percent of female genital mutilation. The third subtype is the most gruesome that is the narrowing the vagina opening by sealing the orifice with the use of the labia majora. These medical procedures have been described the WHO working in conjunction with United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Un...
In this essay, the author
- Describes the three subtypes of female genital mutilation, including clitoridectomy, labia minora, and narrowing the vagina opening.
- Explains that women were the leaders of society, and childbirth was highly desired by all thus they were goddesses. female mutilation began as a way to reduce the power women could hold.
- Explains that female genital mutilation has no proven medical benefit and causes more physiological damage to the young girl's mental health than good.
- Describes the three subtypes of female genital mutilation, including clitoridectomy, labia minora, and narrowing the vagina opening.
- Explains that women were the leaders of society, and childbirth was highly desired by all thus they were goddesses. female mutilation began as a way to reduce the power women could hold.
- Explains that female genital mutilation has no proven medical benefit and causes more physiological damage to the young girl's mental health than good.
- Explains that female mutilation has been imbedded into the coming of age rituals of female only societies. peer pressure by both friends and relatives force the younger girls to have the procedure done.
- Explains that infant mortality rates with female genital mutilation increase dramatically, lowering the future generation of workers in the country.
- Explains that the spread of female genital mutilation began when women from culture married into a culture who practiced the procedure.
1915 wordsRead More - FGM: Female Genital Mutilation Must be Outlawed Worldwideanalytical essayFemale Genital Mutilation, shortened to FGM in most medical texts, is “collective name given to several different traditional practices that involve the cutting of female genitals.” FGM is a common cultural practice in many parts of the world, especially Africa and Asia that was established hundreds of years ago. There are many different types of FGM, ranging from clitoridectomy, to cutting and infibulations (Skaine 7). Even though these procedures are accepted in the areas they are practiced, FGM has become a human rights discussion resurfacing in recent years because the procedures serve no purpose. Female Genital Mutilation is an unethical practice that should be outlawed throughout the entire world.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that female genital mutilation procedures are unnecessary medical procedures that put women in a state of discomfort and they are dangerous.
- Explains that the united nations considers fgm a serious issue, but no international laws have been enforced against it.
- Explains that christianity, judaism and islam have their own unique practices that may or may not be accepted by the other religions.
- Opines that female genital mutilation procedures are unnecessary medical procedures that put women in a state of discomfort and they are dangerous.
- Explains that the united nations considers fgm a serious issue, but no international laws have been enforced against it.
- Explains that christianity, judaism and islam have their own unique practices that may or may not be accepted by the other religions.
- Explains that female genital mutilation is an unethical practice that should be outlawed throughout the world.
- Explains that the practice of female genital mutilation violates many human rights, including the right to nondiscriminatory treatment and freedom from torture. it is defended in societies that practice it on cultural, religious and/or traditional grounds.
- Argues that female genital mutilation is an expression of the discrimination that women face in an unequal society.
1457 wordsRead More - The Issue of Female Circumcision from a Medical Anthropology Perspectiveargumentative essayIt is estimated that about 100 million women are circumcised (Toubia 1994,712). Female Circumcision or Female Genital Cutting or Female Genital Mutilation as it is also known is a very important issue that deserves much attention and understanding. Female Circumcision is closely related to women’s sexuality and reproductive role, which is why it has strong cultural significance to those that have the procedure done (Toubia 1994,712). The practice is done in a variety of cultural and ethnic groups (Toubia 1994,712). In order for change to occur, the practice must be understood from the culture it happens in. Once the problem is understood from that perspective, then the most appropriate and effective solutions can be suggested.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that female circumcision is closely related to women's sexuality and reproductive role, which is why it has strong cultural significance to those that have the procedure done.
- Explains that female circumcisions are usually preformed on girls between the ages of 4 and 10 years of age. they can also be performed on babies, women about to be married or after a female has given birth for the first time.
- Explains the different ways in which the procedure can be performed, such as a clitoridectomy, removing the inner labia, and infibulation.
- Explains that female circumcision is closely related to women's sexuality and reproductive role, which is why it has strong cultural significance to those that have the procedure done.
- Explains that female circumcisions are usually preformed on girls between the ages of 4 and 10 years of age. they can also be performed on babies, women about to be married or after a female has given birth for the first time.
- Explains the different ways in which the procedure can be performed, such as a clitoridectomy, removing the inner labia, and infibulation.
- Explains that female circumcisions are performed in many countries on the continent of africa.
- Opines that a medical anthropologist would avoid approaching female circumcisions with an ethnocentric mindset.
- Analyzes how the media portrays female circumcision to have simple and straight forward explanations, which may not be the case for some situations.
- Recommends a symbolic female circumcision, which is safer and less painful, and educating the culture about hygienic methods to avoid infections.
- Recommends educating the community that allows female circumcision about ways in which they can empower their girls and women to try and change the traditional methods.
- Concludes that it is important to not be judgmental when approaching a problem or topic that is different than what one is used to. a good medical anthropologist would first understand the cultural meaning and importance that surrounds female circumcision.
- Cites duncan-shell, bettina, gordon, daniel, grubenbaum, ellen, and gruenbaum on the socio-cultural dynamics of female genital cutting.
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