New Zealand’s forests are one of its greatest natural resources, holding significant financial, physical, and spiritual value (DOC, 2013). These forests provide a significant trading resource (Perry, Oren, & Hart, 2008), directly influence soil and flora quality (West, 2006), and contribute to the cultural health of Maori by enhancing their whakapapa (or ‘Connection’ with the land) (Gallagher & Te Atawhai o te Ao, 2011).
This resource, however, is under threat through poor management (Levack, Poole, & Bateson, 2006), over exploitation (MPI, 2003) and the operating conditions of the Forestry Industry (ACC, 2007). This assignment will examine the impact that deforestation may have on New Zealand, and possible models for rectifying the situation.
For the purposes of this assignment, attention will be given to the effects of ‘The Pine Forestry Industry ‘on a nationwide scale, but Tokoroa will be utilised as the primary example, in order to relate these generic problems to a ‘real’ populace.
The New Zealand Forestry Industry utilises New Zealand’s woodlands as a financial asset by deforestation and the exportation of the resulting timber to over 30 countries. (MFE, 2006). It is a Government, Economic and Environmental issue that’s affects the entirety of Aotearoa / New Zealand (MPI, 2013). Providing a significant portion of the country’s financial stability, as calculated by MPI (2012), a national gross income of approximately five billion dollars annually, and directly employs around 6,910 labour force workers. (MPI, 2014).
The Industry is one of the most dangerous working environments according to Bentley, Parker, Ashby, Moore, and Tappin, (2002), due to the utilisation of hazardous machinery, as well as the added dangers of uneven ...
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...e of growing trees in the Waikato Region: Trees on Farms. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/3354/section1.pdf
Waikato Regional Council (2007, July). Your guide to land conversion using environmental best management practices: Forest to Farming. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/19395/ForestryToFarm.pdf: ISBN 978-0-478-29572-6 (Online)
Waikato Regional Council (2014). Threats to native plants and animals. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/Environment/Natural-resources/Biodiversity/Threats-to-native-plants-and-animals/
West, P. W. (2006). Growing plantation forests. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2014, March). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/
Nicholas Rothwell, 2000, ‘A farming we will grow’, Land Conservation, Justin Healey (ed.), The Spinney Press, New South Wales, page 6.
Robert, K. (2010, jan 26). Effects of Deforestation . Retrieved Dec 3, 1996, from www.earlham.edu: http://www.earlham.edu/~pols/17Fall96/inneske/effects.HTM
Dourojeanni, M. J. (n.d.). How good is forestry education today?. Unasylva. Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/50630e/50630e04.htm
FAO: State of the World's Forests. Rome: Food and Agriculture Office of the United Nations; 2007. Print.
Governments in these countries need to stop thinking of forests as a renewable resource. The rate at which they are harvesting these areas drives them beyond the boundaries of sustainability. The efforts required by reforestation may not initially be cost effective, but it will result in not only the survivability of the environment, but of the country’s economy. Widespread awareness of these ideas will help fight against the natural human tendency towards instant gratification and short-term goals. Different methods of logging can be utilized to allow the rainforests to survive and regrow naturally and at a sustainable
b) Logging has impacted this special ecosystem. There are trees that are hundreds of years old and their timber is being pushed to be sold for high prices. After World War 2 the Australian economy was booming and timber was in demand. A number of timber mills where made near the Daintree for the purpose of cutting down the forest for the use in infra...
In Indonesia, 8.828 million hectares of forests have been destroyed (see appendix 2). Around fifty acres of forests are removed every minute, not o...
Deforestation is a widely used term, but one with different meanings. Disturbance deforestation refers to all man made disturbances that alter a forest, these are the most common. This argumentative essay discusses the positive and negative aspects of deforestation. In the first part of the essay the pro arguments of deforestation will be discussed. For example, the issue of Global population and how forests are being used, land use and the ways forests contribute, wood use, forest growth, destruction and the reasons for cutting down the trees. The second half of the essay will cover the issues that are harmful to the environment because of deforestation. Many environmental issues take place everyday; a big question that arises, is if the global economy will ever finds middle on the issue of forest thinning. If deforestation was used only in the most crucial of times, the world might become a better place.
Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds land surface, however now it only covers a mere 6%. It is estimated that all rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Trees are becoming more needed and used everyday. We need them cut down for many reasons such as paper and timber, while also needing them ‘untouched’ for other reasons like oxygen, we have to ask ourselves, which is more important? At the current rate, most of the rainforests are being cut down for resources like paper and timber, but less importance is being placed on main resources like oxygen.
Thesis: Forests provide the earth with a regulated climate, strong biodiversity, and good nutrient rich soil for plants to strive on.
Deforestation for agricultural or logging purposes and the overexploitation of non-timber products can be due to driving factors such as the nation’s population growth, poverty, low levels of education and the nation’s political unstable situation (Kremen et al., 1998). As human population grows the demand for land, agriculture, timber and non-timber products and income grows. More people need to extract from natural resources to provide for their basic needs, and this is happening in and around Masoala National Park as the human population of Madagascar continues to grow (Worldometers, 2017). Poverty can also lead to anthropogenic pressures on the natural environment. Local communities will continue with slash-and-burn agriculture, illegal logging and harvesting of non-timber products as they benefit from these different forms of (illegal) resource use. Local communities in and around Masoala National Park often depend on its natural resources, either directly as they provide in their basic needs or indirectly as it can generate income (Ormsby and Kaplin, 2005). Poverty is often related to low levels of education, which is also the case in Madagascar. Generally, the educational attainment in Madagascar is low and adult illiteracy remains high (Fritz-Vietta et al., 2011; Ormsby and Mannle, 2006). In underdeveloped countries where educational levels are low people often depend on forms of agriculture as their main source of income. For many people living in Madagascar slash-and-burn agriculture constitutes the most important source of income (Fritz-Vietta et al., 2011). Since the farmers in Masoala National Park have low levels of education they are often not able to enter alternative working fields and obtain an income from other sources than agriculture. A politically unstable situation can also be a driving force that leads to certain anthropogenic
The New Zealand industry is now dominated by the private sector and includes numerous international companies. It also includes an increasing proportion of small forest growers. A key part of the forests in the New Zealand Indigenous environment is to help protect the many values of
However, this resource is not infinite. The trees have to be allowed to regenerate or else the product will disappear along with the revenue. The common sense approach allows for re-growth of the trees, but this is exactly what is not happening in the Solomon Islands. As written by Nicola Baird in her article "Unwisdom of the Solomons", Baird says that the sustainable rate of harvest of wood is 325,000 cubic meters per year. However Baird continues that the government of the islands has given logging permits to cut 4 million cubic meters per year. The Solomons are taking downtrees faster than they can regrow. Profits are continuing, but only for a few more years. The future of the islands wood supply is forecasted to be depleted in the next 15 years (web page Solomon Islands). In the meantime, the tropical forest disappears at an alarming rate which fattens the pocket book with money but steals money form mother natures pocket book. Loss of trees causes a chain reaction of destruction in the Islands. Taking trees takes homes of many species, which in turn causes their death.
My understanding of the question is that I am to demonstrate my view of Mātauranga, (traditional Māori knowledge) and Kaupapa Māori (traditional Māori ethics and values) and how they are incorporated into today’s world. I will be relating my interpretation specifically to sustainable land development and the principle of Kaitiakitanga, that is, the guardianship of land and the environment in current times. To accomplish this I shall first present my understanding of Māori World View, define ethics and values and describe Mātauranga and Kaupapa Māori with reference to sustainable development of Māori land, in today’s world. (The Encyclodedia of New Zealand, 2014)
Borges-Mendez, Ramon. "Sustainable Development and Participatory Practices in Community Forestry: the Case of FUNDECOR in Costa Rica." Local Environment 13.4 (2008): 367-383. Print.