The Importance Of Titration

The word titration originally comes from Latin word “titulus” that has mean of title or inscription (“Acid base titration”, 2016). Titration process is a common process use to neutralise and to obtain the changes pH of the influent that being adjusted by reagent and come out with effluent which respect to the pH of water (Nie, Loh, & Hang, 1996 ; Pishvaie & Shahrokhi, 2000 ; Koch, 2013 ; “Acid base titration”, 2016). pH indicator has the function to determine the colour change during the titration process (Kotyk & Slavik, 1989). It is usually a weak acid or weak base. There are many combination of titrant in the mixing equipment where, influent as an input stream is being neutralized by either hydroxyl ions (OH-) or hydrogen ions (H+) that

In titration, neutralise of an acid with base will later forming salt and water as the products (“Neutralisation”, 2014). The pH has range from 1 to 14 which 1 is the most acidic while 14 is the most basic. Mainly, the alkalinity or acidity of an effluent can be determined by measure the pH value. Where pH is depends on the free hydrogen activity that containing in a proportion of the mixture (Nie, Loh, & Hang, 1996). In mathematically formulae, it defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in the effluent; pH = -log [H+] (“pH adjustment-a primer”, 2016 ; Nie, Loh, & Hang, 1996). pH of 7 is a point where the base and acid substances will react to each other in the same quantity and concentration to form neutral

If the sample that we use is an acid, then we must titrate it with a base and vice versa. There are many type of pairing in titration process such as strong acid with strong base, strong acid with weak base, weak acid with strong base and much more. Different combination of titrant and sample will gives a different equivalence point as different amount of H+ and OH- are being reacted. The level where the amount of reagent as titrant is stoichiometrically balance to the reactant substance that present in the influent solution shows that it already reach near to the equivalence point, on other hand the mixture is neutral (“Acid base titration”, 2016). The example of chemical reaction is between strong acid-strong base, where it will gives a equivalence point of pH value 7 while titration process involving strong acid-weak base will have a equivalence point of pH value less than 7 (“Neutralisation”, n.d.). Different pairing gives a different equivalent point. Generally, titration between strong acid and strong base has the equivalence point of 7. Figure 2 above show the titration curve of the titration process between different pairing of samples (Clark,