The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of global agendas set by the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2030. They are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals, set-up through the Millennium Deceleration in 2000 to address the needs of the world poor (Cite UN). The Millennium Development goals included a set of eight simply stated goals with 21 targets and 48 indicators to measure progress (Murray, 2015). Amongst them- reducing child mortality (MDG 4), improving maternal health (MDG 5) and combating HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases (MDG 6)- were specifically aimed at improving health. This approach provided a clear and focused direction for many of the stakeholders, to work on achieving these goals. The SDGs are longer …show more content…
The global under-five mortality rate declined by more than half, dropping from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2015 (Cite UN). Between 2000 and 2013, measles vaccination helped prevent 15.6 million deaths. However, 16,000 children under-five still continue to die everyday from preventable causes, and the agenda for MDG4 is far from finished (cite UN). Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut nearly in half. In 2014, skilled health personnel assisted more than 71% of births, which was an increase from 59% in 1990. Nonetheless, only half of pregnant women in developing regions receive the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. Additionally there is a large gap in information, with only 51 percent of countries having data on maternal cause of death. There is a great deal of work that needs to be done with regards to improving maternal health. New HIV infections fell by approximately 20% between 2000 and 2013. In 2014 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiviral therapy globally an increase from just 800,000 in 2003. Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015 primarily of children under- 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. TB treatment is estimated to have saved 37 million lives from 2000 to 2013. Despite these wide reaching efforts, in 2014 in Sub-Saharan Africa less than 40% of the youth …show more content…
Moreover, in SDG 6 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) target 5.6 states “Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review”. In terms of sexual and reproductive health rights, these targets present a substantial foundation for advancement in the area. This is in contrast to the MDG era, where a reproductive health target was integrated seven years after their adoption (Starrs, 2015). Indicators for sexual and reproductive health are expected to include family planning, adolescent fertility and comprehensive sexuality education. Nonetheless, they are expected to lack indicators on safe abortion, non-discrimination based on sexual orientation as well as confidential and timely reproductive health services (Starrs, 2015). The political debates and controversies surrounding the area make it harder to push as a world agenda. But The Guttmacher Institute and the Lancet are establishing a Commission on sexual and reproductive health and rights that will re-define
The focal point of this report is the Victorian Health and Wellbeing plan 2015 – 2019, created by the Victorian State Government after the imminent success of the original Victorian Health and Wellbeing plan allying the years of 2011 – 2015. The plan shares the ambitions of the World Health Organisation’s Global action plan on prevention and control of non-communicable disease. These ambitions of the distinct plan are “to reduce modifiable risk-factors and underlying social determinants by creating equitable health-promoting environments while aiming to strengthen and orient health systems for disease prevention and control through people-centred healthcare” (Department of Health, 2015). The report will tackle the priority area of Improving Sexual Health and Reproductive Health along with major components of the priority area such as the determinants of health and the at-risk groups affected by such an alteration. The determinants discussed are both biological and social, the biological; sex, the social; the social gradient, education and social support. The at-risk groups influenced by the priority area are; adolescents, pregnant women and new born children.
263). Under this definition includes childhood immunization, drugs for infectious disease, education relating to sanitation and proper dietary needs, and life sustaining medical treatment. Yet, in TWN almost 10 million children under 5 years of age die yearly from manageable diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia (10 Million Children, 2008). Currently existing, low cost medications could save millions of these children. A course of antibiotics to treat pneumonia costs less than thirty cents, but is not available in poor countries (10 Million Children). People living in TWN also suffer from below par nutrition and associated diseases. A look at health issues in their entirety leads to the conclusion that the delivery system for health, nutrition, sanitation, and medical treatment are not working properly, therefore those most in need in the TWN have little or no access to health care. All citizens of the world should have access to these lifesaving
Nowicka, Wanda. "Sexual and Reproductive Rights and the Human Rights Agenda: Controversial and Contested." Reproductive Health Matters, 19.38 (2011): 119.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Among the 17 goals the third goal is to achieve good health and well-being (UNDP). To achieve this goal, it is definitely known that passing the obstacles available in the overall activities performed to bring about health and well-being. The third goal in its sub goal gives attention on achieving universal health coverage which is an ongoing process for every country as they work to ensure that all people receive the health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. How these financial hardships can be minimized?
World Health Organizaton. (2004). Reducing maternal and newborn mortality in Africa. African Health Monitor , 5 (1), 5-7.
In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared all acts of discrimination on the basis of sex unlawful. 31 years later, the Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the General Assembly. The CEDAW prompted an international document of the same name that advocates for the full incorporation of women in decision making capacities. It also “emphasis the civil rights, legal rights of women, reproductive roles and rights, impact of cultural factors on gender relations and barriers on advancement of women (World Bank, 2012). Moreover, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) outlined the most pervasive threats to global peace and security and set eight goals on how to eradicate them. These goals are referred to as Millennium Development Goals (MDG). 189 member states in 2000 vowed to “Promote gender equality and empower women” when they endorsed the UNDP’S MDG.
Women’s reproductive rights are a global issue in today’s world. Women have to fight to have the right to regulate their own bodies and reproductive choices, although in some countries their voices are ignored. Abortion, sterilization, contraceptives, and family planning services all encompass this global issue of women’s reproductive rights.
This conference triggered the creation of a new resolution titled, “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. This resolution incorporated “far-reaching” goals concerning poverty, cooperation, and protection issues, intending for these goals to be resolved by 2030. As asserted in A/RES/70/1, the United Nations seeks “to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom” by primarily creating partnership between countries. Following this, Agenda 21, a finalized plan of action, was created by a conference run by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and adopted by 178 governments. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in the following conference to assure that the goals addressed in Agenda 21 were properly executed. This agenda was a commitment to maintain diverse aspects of sustainability such as combating climate change, improving sanitation, and helping human settlements. A/RES/70/210 recalls that the United Nations “acknowledges the importance of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and
To begin with, one of the biggest challenges of global health is the effort to improve women’s and children’s health. With just five years left to achieve the MDGs, the world has failed to invest enough in the health of women, adolescent girls, newborns, infants, and children. As a result, millions of preventable deaths occur each year, thus making less of a progress than any other in goal five of the MDGs, improving maternal health. Due to the biological and social determinants of women’s health, there is a high burden of health conditions for females. “Simply being a woman puts you at risk” is best put by professor Amaya-Fernandez. A fe...
Maternal mortality and morbidity in recent years has become a major deveopmental issue and a matter of concern in many developing countries especially with the passage of the United Nations Millennium development goals. Many countries including Ghana are striving to reach the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) target 5 by 2015. Ghana is one of the sub-Saharan African countries still recording high numbers of maternal mortality and morbidity related issues and this poses a serious challenge for the country in matching towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 target by 2015. The country after fifty-six years of independence is plagued with high number of pregnancy-related deaths due to lack of quality and equitable access to skilled delivery care. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 for which Ghana has signed on to aims at reducing maternal mortality ratios by 75% by the year 2015 and to increase the number of skilled attendants at delivery by two-thirds (Millennium Development Goals in Ghana Report, 2010 p.16). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Ghana acc...
In the year 2000 the United Nations set out a goal to stop hunger poverty and unfair living to people of the world not just the United States. This idea was called the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Upon taking on a task such as this the UN wanted to break down goals in sections of eight to better categorize them to use every resource they had to make this plan possible. Not every catgeroy had the same plan put in place and for that exact reason these goals where not something to be done over night, hence how the name of the idea started with millennium. The UN has also been known for their work to gather its members and countries as one to work to accomplish its goals of maintaining peace and security, they wanted to protect human rights by providing humanitarian assistance, and assisting economic and social development throught the world. This gives us a better idea of what MDG project is for and how it was created.
Sustainable development means that the present generations should be able to make use of resources to live better lives in such a manner that it doesn’t compromise the ability of future generations to survive and make better lives for themselves as well. For sustainable development to occur, there needs to be sustainable economic, ecological and community development. Society needs to be educated about ways in which they can use resources, especially natural, in such a manner that it doesn’t cause harm to the environment and put future generations lives at risk.
The United Nations recently published a list of goals they hope to accomplish by 2030 called the Sustainable Development Goals. These goals will replace the Millennium Development Goals, which were set in 2000, when they expire at the end of 2015. Some of these goals include ending poverty, promoting gender equality, and improving water and sanitation conditions. Arguably, the most important goal is to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture” (in text citation- NY Times Article). Hunger was also an important goal on the MDG list, yet it was not fully accomplished (in text citation- Progress chart). The goals was to reduce hunger by half, and yet, the number of people who go to bed hungry
The Millennium Development Goal Report 2013 states that the progress towards achieving the target of reducing maternal mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2015 significantly falls short of the set goal and the indices are still poor in the developing countries especially sub-Saharan Africa (United Nations, 2013). The People’s Health Movement (PHM), through its WHO Watch clearly identifies the huge omission of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in the WHO’s revised strategy on traditional medicine (PHM WHO Watch, 2013). The magnitude of this omission appears to be puzzling owing to the fact that in just about three decades ago the WHO aimed to reduce death of women associated with child bearing through the training of TBAs and promoted their integration into the orthodox health care system. The WHO calls for a collaborative effort in achieving the goal of reducing maternal deaths. Yet, one can insinuate that the TBAs are no longer seen as a resource to be harnessed by public health professionals in addressing the issues associated with childbearing (Langwick, 2011). The ‘friend or foe’ mentality can clearly be observed in a statement made by one of Nigeria’s chief leaders in the fight towards reducing maternal mortality published in Nigeria’s foremost editorial daily newspaper magazine, the Punch. He said that ‘it was no longer acceptable for women to give birth in TBA centres, TBAs were no longer required in labour and delivery because of the availability of enough trained or skilled personnel, and he promised to jail any TBA involved in a maternal death’ (Punch, 2013). As such, it is important for us to critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of TBAs in promoting health from a contemporary global health perspective. I...
In class we discussed what sustainable development meant to us; each group had its own definition. Our group’s definition was that sustainable development is for the long term for future generations, for the basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and job. The basic will increase over time and our resources will diminish, which why sustainable development is important. Sustainable development is important for future generations so that they end up with a world better than ours. Sustainable development is achievable if society works together to meet everyone’s basic needs and create a better world.