1. CITATION. What study report is this? Record a complete reference citation.
Azzarito, Laura and Ennis, Catherine D. (2003) ’A Sense of Connection: Toward Social Constructivist Physical Education’, Sport, Education and Society, 8:2, 179-197
2. PURPOSE AND GENERAL RATIONALE. In broad terms what was the purpose of the study, and how did the author(s) make a case for its general importance?
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether social constructivism in two middle schools works. In their own words, the purpose was to “investigate how teachers used social constructivist strategies to encourage student construction of knowledge and meanings, and how students constructed knowledge and meanings in two middle school physical education
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These “two were selected based on their teaching styles that closely related to “(a) teacher planned interactions; (b) teacher acted as a facilitator; (c) teacher planned high social involvement among students; and (d) teacher used stimulating instructional materials to facilitate students’ learning (e.g. poster, blackboard, projector, video camera, study guides).” (Azzarito & Ennis, 2003, p. 182) Kara had 14 years’ experience teaching physical education, and she also received two awards for teaching the prior year. Julie had five years teaching physical education. She previously taught at a school in a lower-income area and was currently teaching at an upper-middle class school. The other participants were two classrooms comprised of 24 students each. “At Kara’s school the racial/ethnic composition of the student body was: 80% White, 12.7% African American, 5.1% Asian, and 1.8% Hispanic” The 7th grade classroom consisted of “24 students (one African American, one Asian, and 22 White), 12 girls and 12 boys.” (Azzarito & Ennis, 2003, p. 182) Julie’s school consisted of “Eighty-three percent of students were White, 7% African American, 8.7% Asian, and 0.9%. Hispanic.” “Julie’s 8th grade class was composed of 24 students, nine boys (one Asian, eight White) and 15 girls (three African American, 12 White).” (Azzarito & Ennis, 2003, p. 182) The article does not state why these two particular classrooms were selected other than they were students of the teachers that were
Identify the hypothesis (testable question) that the study was trying to answer and describe the methods of research used in each study.
A course in the sociology of sport and physical activity should be part of an undergraduate curriculum in a kinesiology program because social issues that impact sports and athletes are often overlooked within kinesiology program despite playing an important role within sports. Kinesiology programs tend to focus on the impact of sport and importance of sport and physical activity and could use the insight that sociology of sport and physical activity can provide. The more we know about the social issues around sport and physical activity, and how to limit them, the more we can understand sport and how to improve it and the equality within it.
... physical education (J. Sproule, Ed.). Retrieved February 25, 2014, from Sage Journal website: http://epe.sagepub.com/content/11/3/257.short#cited-by
I identify with being a white, Catholic, straight, teenager girl living in Owensboro, Kentucky. I considered those my cultural and societal groups. There is no objective way to pick my real group. With my taste, opinions, characteristics and age constantly changing so are my cultural and societal groups.
This essay highlights the new nation wide curriculum values movement in physical education classes and the propositions it has to maintain and support engagement and development. Through effecting teaching strategies such as Mosston’s spectrum and identifying a holistic approach to valuing movement in the curriculum. Teachers can work towards creating supporting learning environments to cater for all students, and promote total student engagement.
From an early age the identity of an athlete begins to form and is heavily influenced by significant others. Social interaction, social norms and institutional frameworks provide different areas of discovery and meaning for two athletic identities. The development and maintenance of the identity differed due to the relationship with their social and physical environment, but ultimately was the driving force in solidifying their athletic identity.
Physical education is critical for a complete education to educate the whole child. It is important for movement and educating both the mind and the body. “The healthy, physically active student is more likely to be academically motivated, alert, and successful. “In the preschool and primary schools, active play may be positively related to motor abilities and cognitive development” (Physical Education Is Critical to a Complete Education, Education.com, National Association for Sport and Physical Education). In the elementary grades, the physi...
The development of character plays a significant role in sport in today’s society. Character building is seen as acquiring skills and knowledge that could be presented later on in life or in a realistic situation. The purpose of this essay is to highlight the reasoning behind this preconceived notion, and apply the stimulus and how it may occur. Furthermore, the idea behind what a stereotypical norm is how it may be or may not be presented through different social aspects of sport. For example, social status can play a huge role in accomplishments of character and how the world should view an individual (Carrington & McDonald, 2008). The social theory of Marxism is an ideal aspect to take into today’s nature, due to the idea, that it is
The goal of this paper is to inform others of my reasoning why physical educators are important and why it is my dream to become one. There are three main points I would like to discuss: the value of physical education ,being a role model ,and why it is my dream to become one.
Social constructivist theory focuses on how people construct meaning, a sense of self, and a social world through their interactions with each other. They learn, through their interactions, to classify the world and their place in it. People interact with each other and the physical world based on shared meanings, or shared understandings about the world. The emphasis
The athletic programs in schools solely provide children with different ways to learn motor skills, develop fitness skills, and gain knowledge about physical activity. The physical benefits acquired from establishing a pattern of physical activity in a child’s life include “lowered risk for heart disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome; [improvement of] various other aspects of health and fitness, including aerobic capacity, muscle and bone strength, flexibility, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles; and a [reduction] of stress, anxiety, and depression” (Kohl and Cook). In a standard United States physical education program, students learn about the health benefits obtained from participating in physically active activities, as well as the importance of continuing these practices throughout life. In elementary school, the athletics program emphasizes the development of fundamental locomotor, non-locomotor, and artful skills through dance, gymnastics, and games. The motor skill basis established during elementary years can increase children’s social, cognitive, and physical development, and could also increase the individual’s interest in physical activities later on in life. Subsequently, in middle school, the physical activities taught in elementary school are usually refined, combined, and applied to
Johnson, Sharlene. The Future of Physical Education. 1st. Birmingham: Oxmoor House Inc., 2002. 264-268. Print
Kelly, L. E., L. Kelly, and V. Melograno. Developing the physical education curriculum: An achievement-based approach. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2004. Print.
Constructivism is a somewhat new, but up-and-coming ideology that is progressing through education. In order to properly understand constructivism, one must understand the history. Then, building upon the history one begins to understand its progression through education. Then, building upon that knowledge we can begin to see the applications of constructivism in the modern classroom. In the process of establishing the layout this paper, a method of constructivism, also known as scaffolding, was shown. Scaffolding is the process of establishing what a learner's base knowledge is and then teaching them in a method that relates and builds upon that. This leads into the broader idea of Constructivism, which the view of learning is based upon the learner produces knowledge and form meaning based upon their experience. ("Piaget's Theory of Constructivism", 2006)
Physical education is an important area in schools today. If taught correctly, it can develop physical and mental skills as well as develop a sense of self. By participating in physical activity, a student’s skill will naturally increase to the demands placed upon it. If a student never tries then their skill will never grow. The mental skills one develops in a physical education class are proble...