Over 71% of the earth surface is water with the average depth of 3800 m. Over 99% of the liquid water component of the earth is ocean. The rest is water that occurs in freshwater lakes and rivers belie their fundamental importance in the maintenance and survival of terrestrial life (Wetzel, 2001). The small water reservoirs are built for flood protection, water supply and irrigation (Baxer, 1977). Potentially, such small water reservoirs can play the environmental role of natural lakes, pools or ponds. Shallow lakes and ponds are collectively, highly rich in terms of biodiversity (Fahd et al., 2009). Small reservoirs are larger and temporally more stable than pools and ponds (Illyova and Pastuchova, 2012). On average, local species richness in lentic systems tends to increase from small and temporary water bodies to larger and more permanent systems (Davies et al., 2008).
According to Johnson and Allen (2012), plankton is the small organisms and float in the water, neither able to swim effectively against most currents nor attached to the bottom. Zooplankton is small water invertebrates that feed on phytoplankton. Even though “plankton” is passively floating or drifting, but certain of zooplankton may be strong swimmers (FAO, 2005). In freshwater ecosystems, zooplankton play a key role as a food source for other invertebrates and fish and as efficient filter feeders on the phytoplankton (Lampert, 2006; Chen et al., 2009; Preuss et al., 2009; Saha and Bandyopadhyay, 2009). It consists of copepod, protozoan, rotifera, cladocera, and others which also may serve as indicators of water quality (Davies and Otene, 2009). Zooplankton is in the middle point of the position between the autotrophs and other heterotrophs maintaining an impor...
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...lly to the productivity of the lake that is the trophic condition of lake (Wetzel, 2001). Decreasing of zooplankton in the outflows from eutrophic lakes is slower than in the outflows from mesotrophic lakes (Czerniawski and Domagala, 2010).
According to Sumardi et al. (2012), chlorophyll-a distribution should be understand so that, it will provides a good method to explain the environmental conditions. Phytoplankton productivity or total biomass is needed to determine the trophic state of a lake (Carlson, 1977). Padisák et al. (2004), found that chlorophyll-a have been used to estimate algal biomass in aquatic ecosystem because it is common in most algae. Thus, it is not evident that the lakes high nutrient with certain morphological characteristics may reach levels of chlorophyll-a typical of lakes that poor nutrient, even if nutrient levels decrease (Seip, 1992).
Fish habitat is the underwater world which many people do not see. It is just like the world that people live. Fish and plants reproduce, eat, and live in this environment, and even face challenges such as invasive species. It is said that “Invasive species are non-native species that threaten the diversity or abundance of native species due to their uncontrollable population growth, causing ecological or economic impacts” (“Invasive” par. 1). Vegetation plays a big role for fish habitat and for a lake itself. Aquatic habitat provides living space for not only fish but also for many aquatic insects. These insects then in turn provide fish and other species of animals with food (“Native” par. 4).
In this paper I will argue that, whether or not we have a moral duty to rescue in the “shallow pond” case, we have a moral duty to donate our money, when it is of no morally significant cost to us to do so, to save the lives of faraway strangers in need. I will explain all these cases in brief in the coming paragraphs and discuss what my opinion is.
In the lab report you can see that zebra along with quagga mussel years are very high than others. The distinct percolation proportions can be up to 12.4 liters per day. As you look at the chart phytoplankton are detached by the main consumers, the zooplankton are condensed along with the forging fish and predators that feed on those fish ( INVASIVE SPECIES, 2013).
Over the past years, due to warming waters, a toxic kind of algae called Pseudo-nitzschia has been blooming. This toxic algae affects sea life, especially marine mammals such as sea lions, which die of brain disease after feeding on this algae. This research paper will provide the reader with a conclusion in respect to what causes algal blooms and how we can prevent them.
Once that step is determined, scientists will assign that group of species to a trophic level; to either the primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, or the tertiary consumers. The bottom of the chain and the trophic level that depends upon by all others is the primary producers. These primary producers consist of autotrophs, which are capable of deriving their food and energy source without consuming organisms or substances taken from other organisms. In the Arctic lake of Alaska, one of it’s primary producers consists of aquatic plants and algae. These aquatic and algae contain chlorophyll, which means that they can use light energy from the sun to synthesize glucose and other organic compounds, that they can use for cellular respiration and building material for growth.
Because of farm fertilizer, an excess quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus can be wash down becoming runoff into rivers. From this, marine algal blooms cause the water to turn green from the chlorophyll (Reed, 2011). Eutrophication then becomes a dilemma in the system causing either an increase of primary production or an expansion of algae. An enormous expansion of phytoplankton on the water’s surface is then established. At the same time the water column is also stratified, meaning things such as the temperature and salinity are not sync from top to bottom. The seasonal warm surface water has a low density forming a saltier layer above while the cooler and more dense water masses near the bottom layer is isolated from the top cutting off oxygen supply from the atmosphere (Overview, 2008).
In the World, the liquid medium that we know as water is the main component that keeps humans, animals and their respective ecosystems alive. Everything from trees down to the smallest leaf requires it, and it is required for any lifeform to continue to grow. Though as humanity expands and continues on an upward slope, humans as a lifeforce continue to need more. Water is a defining aspect of a community, and with the ever-rising population and human-crafted climate change coming to an all-time high, one of the most important water origins of the southeast region is coming to a very dangerous low.
The agriculture industries have affected the marine life due to eutrophication. Eutrophication occurs when human activity water because of the chemicals, nitrogen and phosphorus which run off into the water. Eutrophication results in algal bloom. An algal bloom forms when lots of nitrogen and phosphorus are set inside a body of water which results in an excess amount of algae in lakes, oceans, or streams. The waters can not take in a lot of algae because in can affect the habitat of the animals. It can also affect the population of the sea animals.
The lake receives all of the storm runoff water from the land around it which is what causes the lake to be overrun with phosphorus. Phosphorus is actually considered a nutrient for the lake and is essential for the survival of a lot of the lake’s plant life. However, too much of the element impacts the biodiversity of the lake: there is a large increase in algae, which in turn, affects the rest of the life in the lake. Winnipesaukee Gateway lists more effects: decrease in water clarity, increased chlorophyll-a, increased cloudiness of the water, and decreased oxygen
The use of meiofauna as a biological indicator is a more recent development than the utilization of macrofauna in the assessment and monitoring of aquatic ecosystem (Coull & Chandler, 1992). Meiofauna is thought to be jointly connected to the other faunal compartments as they are the most richest benthic group. Foraminifera and Nematode are two major protozoans usually found in the sand sediment.
This is representative of how eutrophication works in an aquatic environment. It shows that the greater the number of blue-green algae then the faster the oxygen depletion
According to NOAA phytoplankton are microscopic organisms that continuously convert sunlight and nutrients into living tissue. Phytoplankton can be harmful to the bay because they at an uncontrollable rate causing harmful algae blooms when there is an abundance of nutrients. Phytoplankton also serve as the main food source for a larger but still microscopic organism named Zooplankton. Marine Bio.org did a study on zooplnkton revealing that they are very weak swimmers making them an easy food source for any larger organsim. Zooplanktons’ main purpose serves as the main food source for small fish and
In many parts of the world, ecosystems’ temperatures begin to rise and fall to extreme levels making it very difficult for animals and plants to adapt in time to survive. Climate has never been stable here on Earth. Climate is an important environmental influence on ecosystems. Climate changes the impacts of climate change, and affects ecosystems in a variety of ways. For instance, warming could force species to migrate to higher latitudes or higher elevations where temperatures are more conducive to their survival. Similarly, as sea level rises, saltwater intrusion into a freshwater sys...
Seagrass is not just a food source for micro species, but also macro species such as manatees, turtles, dolphins and dugongs (Yamada and Kumagai 2012). These marine organisms are all supported directly and indirectly by seagrasses, with some entirely dependent on it. Seagrass is often underestimated in its significance as the vast role that it plays in the oceans ecosystem is not fully understood. ...
Rogers, Peter. 2008. "Facing the Freshwater CRISIS. (Cover story)." Scientific American 299, no. 2: 46-53. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed November 4, 2010).