For an effective and flawless data collection, an interview instrument was designed and developed.
The scope of any qualitative interview research is to see the topic with the eyes of the interviewee, and to explain the reasons why the interviewee reaches a particular perspective. In order to achieve such a goal, a qualitative research interview must have specific attributes. The structure of the interview should be kept open, a sufficient number of open questions should be included, and the main focus should be on situation and action sequences rather than abstractions and general opinions (King, 1993).
It is important to notice the issue of possible researcher bias. The findings cannot be a result of researcher’s assumptions and prior intentions.
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The most popular ones are described below:
a) Structured interview. In a structured interview there is a complete set of predefined questions. Usually such interviews are used in surveys, where they don’t have to be conducted by the researcher, however there is no room for improvisation.
b) Unstructured/semi-structured interview. In a semi-structured interview the researcher might have prepared some questions in advance, however there is always room for more explanatory or open questions.
c) Group interview. During a group interview two or more people are interviewed at the same time by one or more interviewers. The type of interview may be structured or unstructured.
The nature of the research question that has to be addressed, defines the type of the interview to be used in the study. For the objectives of this thesis, the semi-structured interview will be
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(Kvale & Brinkmann, 2009) consider it as the most effective and convenient mean of gathering information. Its’ basis is in human conversation, thus allowing a skillful interviewer to modify different aspects of the process, adjusting the pace and order of questions to elicit better responses from the interviewees. It is important to notice, that it enables the respondents to reply in their own personal way, using the language they think is
McClish, Mark. “Susan Smith” http://www.statementanalysis.com/susan-smith/ Advanced Interviewing Concepts. May 6, 2002. Web, Feb. 7, 2012
The author could have employed other methods of qualitative research such as, narrative analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis, data display and analysis, content analysis and quantifying qualitative data and computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAPDAS) (Saunders et al., 2016). Nevertheless, these approaches seem cumbersome sometimes and take a long time to complete (Willig, 1999; Braun and Clarke, 2006 and Smith and Bekker,
Qualitative and quantitative methods allow researchers to investigate, explore and inquire the nature of the phenomenon being studied. It is important that the researcher develops a clear understanding of the problem and design a plan to investigate it (Cresswell, 1998, para. 1). There are a variety of research methods; nevertheless, it is important to consider which research method is appropriate for the study. Qualitative research focuses on human experiences while quantitative research relies on numbers, measurements, and testing. Nevertheless, qualitative and quantitative methods use similar approaches to conduct research and collect data. For example, observations and interviews are approaches used in both research designs; however, the approaches are used and viewed otherwise. This will be discussed later in the paper.
The purpose of research interviews is to explore the views, beliefs, and motives of individuals on a specific matter for example factors that influence their daily life. They also provide a clear understanding of social issues and an insight that is required from the participant (British dental journal, 2008).The many types of research interview in qualitative research namely are the structured, semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interview. I will explain them further since they can be used to explore
During the analysis phase, the interviewer uses several techniques to observe and analyze the subject's behavior “to determine the subject's truthful and deceptive behaviors or at least to determine those areas most sensitive to the subject and, therefore, in need of further attention through verbal inquiry” (Walters 3). Walters describes four fundamental stages of the interview: (1) orientation, (2) narration, (3) cross-examination, and (4) resolution (Id. at 25-29).
An interview is a meeting and a conversation that happens between a potential candidate for a job position in a company and an interviewer, for the main purpose of the interviewer collecting information about the interviewee - such as their job experiences, qualities, and skills - to determine the eligibility of the interviewee’s capability to take that position in that company.
What is an interview? An interview is an oral examination. This examination allows the interviewer to find out information about the interviewee in a non-formal setting. I needed to conduct an interview to find out what kind of person my partner is. To begin the process I needed a partner to interview. The partner I was given was Kelby McCoy. We decided partners by drawing pieces of papers with a number between one and thirteen and an A or B for each number. I drew that paper 3B and Kelby drew the paper 3A making us partners.
In-depth interviews are one of the research methods used when qualitative research is desired over quantitative research. Also, by using in-depth interviews as his research method, Messner is able to acquire much more detailed information, which will enhance the quality of his final data, making the study more efficacious and fulfilling. But, as with any research method, in-depth interviews have their strengths and weaknesses. Most importantly, with any research method, optimal levels of representativeness, replicability, reflexivity, reactivity, and objectivity should be
...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007).
It is important to tell the candidate that she/he will be interviewed as what for example as an expert or as a representative of a group of people. Also because the semi-structured interview more flexible I did not study the interview plan. According to Laforest (2009) even though semi-structured interviews are flexible, they require rigorous preparation. It is essential to study interview plan decide which questions are most appropriate or prepare new ones. In conclusion, many researchers like to use semi-structured interviews because questions can be prepared ahead of time.
A small group discussion about some research topic led by a moderator who guides discussion among participants is termed as a focus group interview.
focused on the key qualitative research methods. For each article review, a brief description, guided by Myers (2013), and a critique, guided Pratt (2009), is provided. A summary of the five articles identifying the research method, data collection technique, data analysis approach and critique is provided in Table 1. The narrative review of each article coupled with figures and tables to organize and visualize thoughts (Pratt, 2009) follows the summary table.
In this essay, the structure, interview setting, non-verbal and verbal qualities of the interview were evaluated and critiqued. Structure To create a successful interview, the interviewer should consider the seven-step process to an
Reasoning behind this being it would create a more natural conversation and discussion of their own experiences, as opposed to a formal interview between myself and them, which would create a new and uncomfortable dynamic between us, which would hinder the research I was trying to carry out. Therefore, the more fluid and candid approach of the unstructured interviews was more innkeeping with the style of my study, and allowed me to obtain more detailed and fluid answers, as opposed to rigid and short answers to a survey or questionnaire. Whereas, if I wasn’t studying my peers I may have chosen a more formal style of interview, to allow them more respect, and to acknowledge they are my superior, as a less formal style of interview would mix the power dynamics between us. Furthermore, due to the experienced based nature of my research, formal interviews wouldn’t allow me the detail I needed to understand the students feelings towards their jobs and volunteering. Moreover, this relaxed style meant the interviews were not restricted to a singular time or place, but allowed an ongoing conversation about their experiences, which gave them time to reflect upon our discussion and make changes to their responses.
There are many forms of research techniques in the field of political science and its subfields. That is because researchers intend to discover loopholes undiscovered by others. One valuable method of research professor of political science Layna Mosley (2013) identifies in the book Interview Research in Political Science. Mosley introduces the foundations of an interview as a direct tool to research, bridging the gap between quantitative and qualitative analysis. Meaning to obtain information directly from the primary source rather than from secondary studies to form the hypothesis and theory.