Recent epidemiological studies highlight key roles in which environmental factors influence the onset of puberty. Nutrition and health are said to be two important influences on pubertal maturation throughout a population, affecting growth (height) and maturity (age of puberty) especially, in industrialised countries (George, 1994). Recent research claims there is a link with obesity and delayed puberty in boys; however, researchers also claim that obesity has an adverse effect on girls, bringing about early puberty (Ogden et al, 2002). Puberty is said to be a complex progression by which children develop secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive competence (Solorzano, 2010). Typical puberty is initiated centrally, with gonadal function being driven by increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin secretion (Lee et al 2013; Solorzano, 2010). Among other factors, sufficient nutritional status seems to be essential for the central initiation of puberty (Lee et al 2013). This paper will look into environmental issues connected to delayed puberty in adolescences, especially males.
What is puberty?
Puberty, is a multifaceted biologic process involving sexual development, accelerated linear growth, and adrenal maturation, is introduced when gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) begins to be secreted by the hypothalamus (Seminara et al, 2003). For boys, an increase in testicular size occurs, which is then followed by the growth of pubic hair (Marshall & Tanner, 1970). The testes and scrotum grow, and the scrotum thins, darkens, and becomes pendulous (Ozen, 2011). The penis lengthens and widens, taking several years to reach full size. Sperm production coincides with testicular and penile growth, generally occ...
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...lopment’, Evolution and Human Behaviour, Vol 24, pp 376-390.
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Overviewing our information, there is evidence of ethical wrongs and rights when considering sexual reassignment treatments for minors. Also, there are multiple options to choose from when transitioning and risks and gains that come with each. As we read from Dr. Kaufman and Dr. Beaver, the natural effects of puberty are irreversible while the effects of puberty blockers and hormones are reversible. Then from Dr. McHugh, gender dysphoria belongs in the family of similarly disordered assumptions about the body and should be treated in other ways than blockers, hormones, or
Forsyth, K., Taylor, R., Kramer, J., Prior, S., Richie, L., Whitehead, J., Owen, C., & Melton, M.
...manifest developmental, behavioral, and emotional problems. This implies the interpersonal nature of trauma and may explain the influence of veteran Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on the child’s development and eventual, long-term and long-lasting consequences for the child’s personality. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2525831).
One stage of adolescent development that my teen went through was puberty. Puberty is different for girls and boys and is manifested differently as they go through many physical and cognitive changes. As I was raising my teen daughter I noticed that the changes in her body during puberty played a role in the way she viewed herself. By age 11 she became more interested in her appearance as a result of some compliments from some boys in her school. She started to wear makeup to school every day and became more interested in buying new clothes and shoes. As pu...
Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Schagen, S. E., Steensma, T. D., Vries, A. L., & Waal, H. A. (2011). Puberty Suppression in a Gender-Dysphoric Adolescent: A 22-Year Follow-Up. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(4), 843-847.
Puberty is a difficult concept to comprehend for young pre-teens. If I were to sum up puberty in one word it would be nervousness. Many children are confused about what actually occurs during puberty. The most noticeable aspects of puberty are the physical features for boys and girls. Girls, like Gianna, will start developing breasts, grow hair in new places, and their hormones will change to create estrogen. Girls can expect this change to occur between the ages of 8 a...
Puberty is the time in a person’s life when the body begins to sexually mature; the hormone oestrodiol is produced by females. Puberty is initiated by hormonal signals that go to the brain then to the gonads, ovaries in female. (NHS Choices Puberty) A hormone is the produced by the gonads that stimulates the growth, function and transformation of the brain, skin, hormones, breast and sexual organs. During puberty it causes severally different changes, the physical changes are breast development, pubic hair, body shape (hips get wider), vagina and uterus, menstruation and body odour. (Wikipedia)
Adolescence is the time-frame when children transition into adulthood, usually beginning between age 11 or 12 concluding in the late teens or early twenties. Adolescence offers the fortuity for psycho-social, physical, cognitive and physical growth, with a stipulation of risk to healthy development by making poor choices and risky behavior such as unsafe sexual activity, substance abuse and inferior peer relationships. The impact of adolescence physically; puberty marks the termination of childhood as we know it, these changes can have a profound affect psychologically. Hormonal changes present during puberty can trigger mood swings, erratic and fluctuating behaviors. Generally, puberty takes four years to complete,
Machel, Graca & Sebastian Salgado. The Impact of War on Children. London: C. Hurst, 2001.
Puberty is a time in a child’s life at the beginning of adolescence where they go through dramatic physical changes and begin to develop a more mature physical appearance that resembles that of an adult. According to the website medlineplus, “puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It is a process that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys.” The mayo clinic defines precocious puberty as a time “when a child 's body begins changing into that of an adult (puberty) too soon. Puberty that begins before age 8 in girls and before age 9 in boys is considered precocious puberty.”
The period of adolescence is a time of immense changes, both biologically and socially, through self-discovery and identification. During adolescence, the human body goes through a wave of hormonal changes in preparation for sexual reproduction. As the individual reaches adulthood, this process is called puberty (Arnett, 2015, p. 350). In addition to the physical changes, teens undergo many social and psychological changes as they approach adulthood, preparing them for the many responsibilities to come (Arnett, 2015, p. 350). Adolescence is constructed by changes in relation to the physical, cognitive, and emotional states of an individual. Within each of these developmental areas, teens mature in varying ways. In regards to physical changes, adolescents undergo the previously mentioned process of puberty, but they also face many issues such as eating disorders and substance abuse (Arnett, 2015, p. 357-359). For cognitive development, teens undergo
During middle childhood, children are experiencing physical changes as they go from early childhood to middle childhood. Zembar and Blume (2009) write that, “School-age children undergo rapid spurts in height and weight as well as improvement in athletic abilities. They begin the onset of puberty at varied ages, with 11 years the average age for girls and 13 years for boys, marked first by hormonal changes, followed by observable changes in physical appearance and behavior”(Zembar & Blume,2009). Also during this time, children experience puberty which may be a new experience for them. Parents can encourage a positive transition through puberty by helping their child feel comfortable about the changes by talking with them about puberty and helping them adjust.
American Journal Of Public Health103.1 (2013): 27-31. Business Source Premier.
...ermore, the conflict provoked a high risk of be prolonged psychologically in a serious brain disturbance. It has ruined their any chances of getting rid of this trauma by compromising any of them academic future. The many children facing this “massive war traumas show evidence of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder” (PTSD).
During puberty, a lot of different things happen including getting taller (this is normally the start of puberty and can happen quite