In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, Integrity (or Ego Integrity) is usually related to the eighth and final stage of life, which is late adulthood (McLeod, 2017). Mainly, integrity, as experienced by older adults, are related to their contemplation of the achievements that they were able to make, as well as the meaning and purpose of the lives that they were able to live. For a significant number of adults in the US, it was reported that the role of integrity vs despair (as a concept) has provided a good measure as to why some older adults experience variating emotions, characterized by feelings of “anger, bitterness, depression, inadequacy, failure and fear of death” (KAHSA, 2007). According to KAHSA (2007), when a person reaches old adulthood, …show more content…
Mainly, our values determine our principles and ideals in life. By having a set of guidelines that we follow to guide our own actions we could avoid falling into the trap of thinking too much about the “utility and the worthiness” of every decision that we take, thus providing the assurance that what we did (or what we are doing) is the right thing (Wong, 2013). Following from this, by knowing that our actions are right relative to the guidelines that we believe in, we see ourselves as a distinct individual who is greatly differentiated from other people. This then emphasizes our meaning in life, seeing that we are not simply the same as anyone else and that we have done the right things in our lives. The second dimension in Krause’s four-dimensional measure is having a sense of purpose. In a study done by Krause (2009), regarding the relationship of old age and mortality, he found out that “having a strong sense of purpose in life-has a stronger relationship with mortality than other facets of meaning”. In line with this, it could be said that by having a purpose in life, one could see mortality not simply as an end to his journey, since he was able to create something that could be enjoyed by the succeeding generations. Particularly speaking, Wong (2013), has defined this sense of purpose as “believing that one’s actions have a set place in the larger order of social life and that one’s behavior
Donald Menzel states that building an organization with integrity requires leading with integrity. One should be able to perform a duty without fear and without favors. Integrity, as Menzel explains, is defined by sound moral character, being respectful, and wholesome. Menzel describes not only what guides integrity, but how to build an organization with integrity over the course of chapter 3 and 4. Menzel begins by defining integrity, how to show integrity, and what integrity looks like among employees, organizations, and professionals. He then discusses the 8 principles of ethical conduct and how managers must act in this manner to demonstrate and lead by example. After defining these terms, Menzel discusses different types of leadership and how to build on each type. Menzel continues, in chapter 4, to discuss tools that organizations can use to in order to build and maintain organizations that display integrity. As Menzel moves into chapter 5, he describes management across different cities and counties and discusses ethical issues that have presented and how each was managed. Menzel continues to use life experiences in these chapters to help demonstrate not only what can happen, but what can happen if the wrong choice is made.
Ethical Egoism A rear assumption is that the needs and happiness of other people will always affect our moral ethics. If we accept this assumption, we think that our moral ethics balance our self-interest against that of others. It is true, that “What is morally right or wrong depends not only on how it makes us feel, but also how it affects others”. The idea that each person ought to pursue his or her own self-interest exclusively to do in his lifetime for others is known as Ethical Egoism.
Looking at my life through Erik Erikson’s Identity Theory perspective, I hope that I can grow old and enter the final stage of psychosocial development with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, believing I have coped with life’s victories and failures.
69. What is the difference between a '' and a ''? What Causes ‘State of Mind’ that manifests in ‘HUMAN MATERIALISM’ aka EGOISM? Once more, the ‘ordinary science’ proves itself as the master of classification, inventing and defining the various categories of Egoism. Per example, psychological egoism, which defines the doctrine that an individual is always motivated by self-interest, then rational egoism, which unquestionably advocates acting in self-interest.
One attribute that may elongate the life span of a business is integrity, without it the business is normally headed for natural death. Integrity is a product of honesty and strictly upholding moral principles. Like any other church, the Catholic Church uses the Ten Commandments to justify why business integrity should be upheld. The Ten Commandments gives restrictions against theft or envy of other peoples’ goods and property. In particular, the bible advocates for stewardship, which should be applied in any business. This paper looks into the Catholic Church’s stand on topic of business integrity.
An interview was arranged with an older adult to discuss issues related to aging. The interview was designed to gain appreciation and understanding of an older adult. One theory of aging came into mind when I thought about this topic. Erik Erikson Life-Course and Personality Development theory, “Erikson described the task of old age as balancing the search for integrity and wholeness with a sense of despair.” NS is the older adult that I conducted the interview with. I’ve decided to pick NS to interview because she is very positive about life and her age. Everything that I have come across about aging is negative such as depression, isolation, and illness.
The main tenant of the psychosocial development theory throughout the life cycle is that an individual’s personality is held to unfold over the course of their life, with healthy development based on the ability of the individual to master tasks and skills at each level or stage of life (Coady & Lehman, 2008; Hutchison, 2008). Erikson’s original model sectioned the life span into eight levels with each containing its own unique psychosocial challenge or conflict which, depending on the outcome, would help the individual experience positive growth (Coady & Lehman, 2008; (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2005/2011; Hutchison, 2008). The eighth stage encompasses late adulthood, where the conflict experienced is that of integrity versus despair. If an individual has experienced successful o...
It is difficult at best to think positively when older people are viewed as “incompetent, boring, inactive, dependent, unproductive, weak, unhealthy, passive, ugly, dull, and sad” (Gething, 1999, p. 2). Essentially, a stereotype as such asphyxiates the wind from your sail early in one’s journey into old age. Then again, if the finish line is one of oppression, marginalization, and disempowerment, it’s a race best lost (Ranzijn, 2002). The most poignant negative affiliated with aging unquestionably centers on the end of life concerns. Although, our hope is for a peaceful demise there exists a chance of tremendous pain and suffering. The latter remains my biggest fear, which in and of itself sheds a negative light on aging. Subsequently, I turned to the article, Positive Psychology and Productive Aging in hopes it would provide
Over the years, people have wondered what goes on in a person's mind that guides them to meet their needs. Sigmund Freud developed a system of personality that boldly attempts to explain the course of personality and what was it origins. Freud theory assumes that one's personality is shaped and some powerful inner forces motivate one's behavior. According to Freud, personality differences commence from the different ways in which people deal with their underlying drives. By picturing a continuing battle between antagonistic parts of personality, Freud was able to develop three systems that make up the total personality. The three systems of personality are the id, ego, and the superego. If the three systems work together in harmony and unite together to form one complete organization, it enables one to create a positive transaction with the environment. If the systems are fighting with each other, one is said to be dissatisfied with himself or the world. By examining the ego, the id, and the superego, one should see how these three systems of personality play an important role in the development of one's personality. In doing so one should understand what conscious and unconscious, and the functions of the id, ego, and superego.
Integrity is an idea that has been discussed by individuals with a verbal acuity far beyond anything I could ever hope for. With that in mind, I will not delve deeply or poetically into what integrity is or should mean. However, I will simplify the meaning of integrity; at the core, integrity boils down to doing what is right even if nobody is watching. See a piece of trash on the ground and nobody is around...pick it up. Driving down the road with no cops in sight...drive the speed limit. Arrive at a tollbooth and no attendant is working…pay the toll. An applicant is not readily available to sign a form for enlistment…track them down and ensure they sign it. I could write examples until infinity becomes paltry in comparison, yet I am sure I have made my point clearly; the greater good must be upheld regardless of who is there to ensure it is happening. It seems obvious that integrity should be a trait every individual is hardwired with from birth. However, integrity is a thankless trait; nobody is around after all. An individual cannot expect someone to clap, to smile, to thank them, to do anything actually. By definition, integrity should be something that is followed through with simply because an individual wishes to do what is correct, not because they expect accolades of any sort.
To prosper as individuals, it is essential to control a sense of honesty, in simple hopes of maintaining humane, respectable standards and boundaries. This honesty, however, is often asked of extension, now presumed to mature into a component well known as integrity. Learning, consequently, is inhabited through these expectations of strict dedication and independence. And although learning is accomplished abundantly, there is only a certain extent of upholding this righteous behavior. Though teachers, bosses, parents, or companions may be satisfied with the efforts of their lesser, they fail to realize that the request of integrity has not been fulfilled. Integrity, being the unflawed ability to completely dedicate one’s personally believed morals is a specific, well-rounded trait, difficult to be entirely possessed by a faulty being.
Egoism is a teleological theory of ethics that sets the ultimate criterion of morality in some nonmoral value (i.e. happiness or welfare) that results from acts (Pojman 276). It is contrasted with altruism, which is the view that one's actions ought to further the interests or good of other people, ideally to the exclusion of one's own interests (Pojman 272). This essay will explain the relation between psychological egoism and ethical egoism. It will examine how someone who believes in psychological egoism explains the apparent instances of altruism. And it will discuss some arguments in favor of universal ethical egoism, and exam Pojman's critque of arguments for and against universal ethical egoism.
When elderly people move into the last of life’s eight stages of psychosocial development, they enter the ego-integrity-versus-despair stage. This process is defined by looking back over someone’s life, evaluating it, then accepting it. People who become successful in this stage feel a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. Erikson refers to this acceptance as integrity. This differs from generativity because one is accepting the end of their life, instead of accepting where their life will start in a sense of career and self. However, if one is to look back on their life with dissatisfaction, they may feel they have been cheated or missed opportunities. Such individuals will mostly be depressed or angry about the way life turned out and
As human beings age, according to Erik Erikson, they go through developmental stages that help to create and transform their personalities. If needs are met and the ego is gratified, then the individual is able to move on to the next challenge. Onward they march in life and in stage until they find the end level: integrity versus despair. This has been categorized as adults 65 years and older by Erikson. Here, people are to reminisce and judge their lives in terms of merit or disappointment. Erikson himself had a lot to comb through in his later years.
Integrity is how somebody lives their life. In this life we live, we face choices every day that only we can answer. We dictate how we run our own lives, and they way we run them defines us. Integrity is doing the right thing versus the wrong thing. People, if nothing else, can always have their pride, their integrity. It is something that means a lot to some people and then nothing to others. The ones who value their integrity highly are the good people in this world, and the opposite is true for those who do not value their integrity.