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How the media has influenced the public perception of science
Media perception of science
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At what point does the pursuit of aesthetics violate ethics? The point that photo manipulation violates ethics for me is when the manipulation is done with the intension to deceive the viewer. When you correct, manipulate, and enhance images in Photoshop, you must deal with questions of both ethics and aesthetics. Ethics are a set of rules that we invent that define what we think is good and bad. Ethics are a set of moral principles or values. Aesthetics, on the other hand, deal with the nature of beauty, art and taste, and things that are pleasing in appearance. With digital processing, there is almost no limit to what can be done to an image, and many things are done to images with the best intentions. The question is when can does the pursuit of aesthetics violate our ethics. Changes can be to images that are undetectable, so much so that there is now discussion that photographs will no longer be allowed as evidence in courts of law. Today’s viewers however are very sophisticated visually. They know that anything can be done to an image. Problems arise though because viewers expect to be fooled and feel betrayed when they are fooled in an allegedly factual medium such as the news business. Everything will fall along a continuum and it is humans who decide the rules for what is considered ethical behavior and these rules can and do change over time. The fact we forget is that when we take a picture we do not make a perfectly objective recording of reality. What we make is an interpretation of reality. Another problem in the recording of nature is inherent in the choice of technology used by a photographer. It is also a fact that color is created in the mind of the observer. It is not a physical property of objects in the world...
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... images with Photoshop some people are questioning whether images are real or fake wondering if they can believe anything they see anymore. But people have been faking photos since the invention of photography this is nothing new. Lots of people get enjoyment out of it. As long as the purpose of the art is not intentionally mislead or misinterpreted and the artist is clear of his methods and intentions no one gets fooled. There are some art forms such as magic that intentionally meant to deceive the viewer and the viewer goes along with it. It only becomes a problem and question when the artist or photographer lies about his motivations, methods and conclusions and present the image with the purpose to deceive the viewer. Overall I think it the line is drawn when the image is manipulated and enhanced to deceive the viewers. This is my opinion of photo manipulations.
The world has many photographers that anyone can look at. You can call me an amateur or say I don’t really understand the art but when I look at most of the pictures available, and I have looked at thousands lately, I don’t see anything different in the style of photography. I just see pictures. I see pictures of beautiful subjects and pictures of ugly subjects. I never really thought about the difference being the photographer instead of the subject, until I saw Elliott Erwitt.
Susan Sontag discusses the reality of the modern person’s addiction with “needing to have reality confirmed” by photos. Sontag says “we accept it as the camera records it” then goes to say “this is the opposite of understanding.” I agree with her wholeheartedly, as accepting photos as they are limits ones understanding of the world. The trust in photography led to the rise of pictures hoaxes, in which people take pictures out of context and assign it a new background; as well as Photoshop, which becomes increasingly popular as the years go by. Photoshop allows one to manipulate a photo to portray what they desire it to.
To continue, the development of new technologies, such as computers and image editing software, has increased and redefined the nature of false advertising. Programs such as Adobe Photoshop have made the digital manipulation of images possible. One of the functions of this software is “airbrushing”, which in this context refers to the technique used to conceal, eliminate, or alter the appearance of flaws. Image editing software has facilitated the “re-touching of photographs related to any characteristics directly relevant to the apparent ...
The modern world is full of photographs. They are used for ads, political campaigns, and magazines. However it can be hard to tell whether or not a photograph is real. Many are ‘doctored’ or altered in some way. These doctored photographs can be seemingly harmless, such as advertisements, but they can misrepresent a product or person. There is a fine line between what is ethical and what isn’t for doctored images. Photographs should never be altered in order to deceive individuals, damage someone’s reputation, or when they have a strong negative impact on self-esteem. However if doctored photographs are used for art or for minor touch-ups for advertisements that don’t misrepresent a product then
Photography is defined at the art or practice of taking and processing photographs. To understand photography is having insight or good judgment to know how to take the picture, but also edit it if need be. Does photography limit our understanding of the world? What some people haven’t realized is that photography is all around us, whether it is in the person’s mind to see it or not. While we see photography throughout our daily routine, people dismiss the small types of photography and focus on the bigger sceneries like other countries beautiful cities and landscapes. It’s true that in this day and age, most photographs we see have been altered in some way. When photographers use Photoshop to edit our photos, we use many different ways to make that image appealing to the eye. Although, photographers unless told to do so will not change an image into something totally absurd that takes away from being astatically pleasing. Images are a gateway to the insight of the rest of the world’s cultures landscapes, and architecture, and photography is the key aspect to it. Photography is a one way to see the world, but it is better if you go and travel around the world to see it. In order to see if photography actually limits our understanding, we have to first look at the positive side of photography.
Throughout the recent years, Photoshop has become a widespread phenomenon amongst the world. With the rapidly developing inventions of camera’s and devices with cameras on them; posting pictures on social media has become extremely popular. Along with that, the pressure to appear perfect in said pictures has increased dramatically. Society has become exceedingly focused on the idea of perfect, and what perfect looks like. Especially now, with growing photo sharing phone applications such as Instagram, photo editing is becoming even more popular. Photoshop has proven to have many beneficial uses; however, it also has very negative consequences such as false perceptions, and misleading people.
The instant we pick up a camera, the image has already been edited and the credibility of the photojournalist is already on the line. The ability and practice of people to be able to edit what goes into the composition of a photograph begins when they pick up a camera and even possibly when they decide to take a photograph of something. The work of a photojournalist is to relay images to the public via news sources in a way that gives people as much information about a topic as possible in the most neutral way possible. While no human being can be entirely objective about a given scenario it is the prerogative of the photojournalist to provide images that evoke the heart of a story without being manipulative to the viewer. This means that the photojournalist is responsible for the images he or she chooses and should be aware and sensitive to the effects that their image might have on those who view it. Of this issue of photographic ethics and credibility there are several key elements that should be acknowledged and considered. The first is the consideration and choice of the moment captured, another is the choice of framing and emphasis made on certain elements within the frame and the final involves the choices made in the process of editing.
When using Photoshop on a person to “perfect” the image the editors get quite drastic; in a recent cover for Rolling Stone Katy Perry was shown sitting on a bed in just a bra and underwear, seems like the average cover right? Well yes it is like every other magazine except this one had its pre-photoshop cover leaked as well. In the above picture we can see that the editors of this photoshop slimmed Katy down, enhanced her breasts, removed moles, made her skin look glossy, and even removed the sock on her right leg. Its this nit picking that causes harm to our society and to our communities. It seems as though everyday we hear of another young girl committing suicide because she felt worthless.
In today 's society, people have a very skewed perception of beauty. People are exposed to so many advertisements and pictures that are photo-shopped each day that many do not even realize what they are looking at. They are seeing an image of something that is not real; something that is not even possible to obtain. Photoshop has an outrageously negative effect on men and women in society, creating an unattainable image of perfection.
Photographs are taken, shown, and spread all over for the world to see. But the real question that should be on everyone's mind is, what do they really capture? Is it the essence of reality or what you want to believe? Knowledge and opinions of mankind are made from these simple pieces of paper. Yet, having this in mind, we educate our children and future generations to come that we should not judge a book by its cover. Opinions not only limit us from the outside world but they give us an “incalculable effect” of our morality. Susan Sontag's assertion that photographic technology opens a vast amount of events that represent a moment in time. Through justifiable statements, she illustrates that people carry a heedless mindset of the world looking at photographs. However, accessibility to the worlds ideals that may be obtained by a photograph is false. Photographs minimizes the truth behind the photo, it alters what the photographer wanted to viewer to unravel. Susan Sontag encompasses around the idea that photographs limit our understanding of the world without essential description...
Now, a more recent threat to traditional painting has arisen. Digital painting with Photoshop and other digital image editors are blurring the lines between computer imaging and traditional painting and illustration.
Photography is a mindful medium of expression, perspective, interpretation and can sometimes be truth. The changes throughout the history of photography have changed how people see the image they're looking at. In the 19th century, they were no editing options or software of any kind. You just go through the process and take the photo and people could easily tell it was real. Of course it would a shock to see what was once a real life event in that time period, but then transferred on paper "capturing" the moment itself. The truth could easily been seen, now in the 21st century, most of that has changed. There are
Based on this creator-centric definition, one may claim that art is purely a form of individual expression, and therefore creation of art should not be hindered by ethical consideration. Tattoos as pieces of artwork offer a great example of this issue. However, one may take it from the viewer’s perspective and claim that because art heavily involves emotion and the response of a community after viewing it, the message behind what is being presented is what should actually be judged. To what extent do ethical judgements limit the way the arts are created?... ...
Since this study focuses on the ethical decision-making of the selected photojournalists, it will mostly use ethical theories for their framework. All the theories involved in this study would be under the Normative Ethical Theory because it “... involves arriving at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. In a sense, it is a search for an ideal litmus test of proper behavior” (Fieser, n.d.).
One of the integral things that must be addressed when making a film is the ethics involved. Ethics are a constant issue that have to be carefully considered when filmmaking. This difficult decision-making is highly prevalent in that of documentaries, because of the difficulties associated in filming ‘real people’ or “social actors, (Nichols, 2001).” More importantly, the issues faced by a filmmaker differ between each of the documentary modes. Each particular documentary mode poses different formal choices that must be made in order to operate in an ethical fashion. Two films that have been made both display examples of how ethics must be considered when embarking on a documentary are Etre at Avoir [To Be and to Have], (2001) and Capturing the Friedmans (2003). These films have been made in different documentary modes, highlighting that there is not one mode which is easier or has fewer ethical issues associated with it. Additionally, what must be considered is how these style choices in these different modes affect the power relationships between the filmmaker, the subject and its audience, (Nichols, 2001).