Data communication plays a very important role in today’s world. According to Forouzan, exchanging data between the sender and the receiver is known as data communication (2007, p. 4). The data is exchanged over the internet. Internet helps to connect various networks. According to Verma and Dhawan, “a network is simply collection of devices put together for communication” (2014, p. 1). According to Kurose and Ross, protocol is a set of rules that defines the order and the format of the messages (2013, p. 9). According to Kurose and Ross, internet uses different protocols to enable the communication between two devices (2013, p. 9). The devices are known as end-systems or hosts. Kurose and Ross states that the communication links are used to connect the end systems (p. 4). The data is transmitted by various communication links at different transmission rates, and the transmission rate is measured in bits/second (Kurose and Ross, 2013). The messages is the data that is sent in the form of text, images, or numbers. The sender sends the data to the receiver, and the transmission medium acts as a path by which the data is sent from the sender to the receiver. The receiver receives the data that is sent by the sender (Verma and Dhawan, 2014). The sender and receiver can be computer, phone, or camera. According to Verma and Dhawan, the major components of data communication system are message, sender, transmission medium, receiver, and protocol (p. 1). According to Forouzan (2007, p. 29), the communication between the two end users is provided by an open system called Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Kurose and Ross says that OSI model consists of seven different layers and transport layer is the middle-most layer (20... ... middle of paper ... ... bandwidth when compared to UDP, and UDP has high transmission rate and packet loss (p. 8). Though UDP has high transmission rate, TCP is better than UDP because TCP has low rate of packet loss. In ad-hoc networks, each node sends the packet to the remaining nodes by taking part in routing. Shortest path is the shortest distance between the sender and the receiver. According to Pandey, Nemade, and Gupta, the performance of TCP protocol is improved in ad-hoc networks by using proactive calculation of k-shortest paths (2012, p. 1139). According to Pandey et al., k-shortest paths are calculated from the sender to the receiver when the system is inactive, and results in time saving when the load is very high over the network (p. 1139). Though UDP is fast in transmitting the data than TCP, TCP is more efficient because it controls the traffic of the network.
In this lab, we used Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is a connection oriented protocol, to demonstrate congestion control algorithms. As the name itself describes, these algorithms are used to avoid network congestion. The algorithms were implemented in three different scenarios i.e. No Drop Scenario, Drop_Fast Scenario and Drop_NoFast Scenario.
What is done to information to send it from one location to another on the Internet? It is broken into packets that travel across the internet and the packets take the most avaiable and efficient path and eventually all come together where they are suppose to be.
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection - is reference model for how applications can communicate over a network. A reference model is a conceptual framework for understanding relationships.
Last phase is data exchange. In data exchange, client and server exchanges the data by creating one or more data channels. In each channel, flow is control using window space available. There are 3 stages of the life of the channel: open channel, data transfer and close channel. One the channel is open by either of the party, data is transferred and then channel is closed by either of the party [3].
Before I would have discussing or comment about this two it very important to me first to define what really the meaning of this two very important communication network in the first place, let me start from the definition:-
...number of observations are in order. First, the ISO Development Environment (ISODE) was developed in 1990 to provide an approach for OSI migration for the DoD. ISODE software allows OSI applications to operate over TCP/IP. During this same period, the Internet and OSI communities started to work together to bring about the best of both worlds as many TCP and IP features started to migrate into OSI protocols, particularly the OSI Transport Protocol class 4 (TP4) and the Connectionless Network Layer Protocol (CLNP), respectively. Finally, a report from the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1994 suggested that GOSIP should incorporate TCP/IP and drop the "OSI-only" requirement. [NOTE: Some industry observers have pointed out that OSI represents the ultimate example of a sliding window; OSI protocols have been "two years away" since about 1986.]
The communication starts with senders decide to send a message to receivers. The senders have to choose what messages and which channel they want to send to receivers. The message should clearly and easy to understand for the receivers. Moreover, the way those senders choose to express their message should suit for the receivers. After the receivers got the messages, they will send feedback to senders to express that they already know what the messages are. If the senders and receivers can communicate smoothly, they can earn effectively communication. However, during the communication process, there are many barriers to communicate between senders and receives and lead them misunderstand the messages. It can happen anytime and anyplace even though in the
Communication is exchanging of information and this can be through speaking, using some mediums or writing. As technology advances so does the mode of communication and communicating becomes easier and faster. Communicating is also a means of sending and also receiving of information and there are computers and one of the latest technological advancements skype and satellite televisions. The act of one person giving the information he is the sender while the other person is the receiver of the message. It is not a guarantee that the receiver will decode the message the right way, and this can be shown by the action the receiver takes after receiving the message. Therefore, the sender must encode the message in a way that he has to make sure that the receiver decodes it the right way. The message can be use of words, behaviour to express the information, sounds or signs and these are all to express an ideas, feelings or thoughts.
Communication begins with transmitting information to another person and the way one format of transmi...
Communication is the process of exchanging and understanding the information. The Internet has change the communication over the last decades. Communication is a dynamic, contiguous, irremeable and interactive.
Synchronous Transmission: The synchronous signaling methods use 2 different signals. A pulse on one signal indicates when another bit of information is ready on the other signal. This is high speed data communication.
Communication is the sharing of information between two or more persons or groups to reach a common understanding. In the communication, the information or ideas conveyed must be understood. Effective communication allows participants to properly exchange ideas. Communication is the two way process of exchanging information. Communication can be done through oral, verbal and written communication. Information is transmitted as words, tone of voice, and gestures and postures. Information can be shared face to face or by telephone, fax, e-mail, text messaging, videoconferencing, electronic-portfolios, chat, memos, letters, reports, etc. The number and types of methods increase as information technology systems become ever more involving a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge.
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
Internet Protocol version 4 is the current standard “IP” protocol used with Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is the protocol for Internet addressing. Like the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, TCP/IP has its own model. The TCP/IP network model represents reality in the world, whereas the OSI model represents an ideal. The TCP/IP network model has four basic layers. The first layer, Network interface layer, deals with all physical components of network connectivity between the network and the IP protocol. Next the Internet layer contains all functionality that manages the movement of data between two network devices over a routed network. Then the Transport layer manages the flow of traffic between two hosts or devices, ensuring that data arrives at the application on the host for which it is targeted. And last, the Application layer acts as final endpoints at either end of a communication session between two network hosts (Tetz).
Explain how the two important transport protocols deliver messages on behalf of the application and discuss the differences between them