On this point, for example, in the relation to other research regarding Malang city, there are many study related with cityscape of Malang city. Santosa (2013) studied about the preference of typology of streetscape according building owner. Pettricia (2012), studied about factor that form Malang city image. Because of its potential, Malang city become a historical destination and can be improved as good city for historical tourism destination in Indonesia. While Kumamoto city also has image as nature-culture destination city in Japan. But until now, there are no specific measurements that will bring big contribution to the landscape improvement. So it is important to do measurement and evaluation of the cityscape condition in Malang and Kumamoto city. The other importance of doing this study is there are many research of scenic beauty of the nature landscape and city, but there are no measurement of each element in detail, moreover it is important to conduct measurement by visitor and citizen as the people who see, doing activity or have an experience in the case study.
The assessment model that used in this paper is the visual quality of urban scene assessment based on modification of the scenic
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This implicates that the visual quality of each public space is good by the perspective of respondent. Based on the table, Alun-alun Tugu and Malang city library get the highest mean score and scenic beauty. The mean score indicate the high quality of attractiveness like the facility, the cleanness, the information and other that support its object. Alun-alun Tugu get the highest score of SBE which is, 285.8228 followed by Alun-alun Merdeka or downtown main square which the SBE is 276.1122. The high Scenic beauty indicate the good quality in visual perspective or appearance like the arrangement of area or the decoration and shape of the object, the tidiness, and the
She also introducing new urban building standards. This this article she talks about, the idea some people have of tearing it down and rebuilding. She also talks about ideas people have about some parts of towns. In Boston, she talks about the area of North End, and the change that it was over gone. During her second visit to this area, she discovered that it had changed. She talked to other about it, although the statistic were higher than the city, the people still saw it as a slum. They felt that they needed to tear it down in order to build something better. This leads to the conclusion that the urban planners to do understand that the people of the city need. They have ideas that were developed years ago that they are still using. These ideas do not take account what the people want. The author also introducing new ideas of a perfect city to live in and what it would look like. The idea of a garden city was introduced. This city would be built around a park. Although the new ideas sounded great they could not be put into place today. The idea of a Garden City is something that sounds nice, but it is not possible in society today. Today a city should reflect economic status, and in order to achieve this the city should be big, and convey an image of power. A city that has aspects of nature in it would not convey that image. That upkeep of a city of that kind would also be difficult. The do understand the author's point of view. The planners often times do not take into account the desires of the people. The town that I grow up in want to become more urbanized. In order to do this, they are building a large shopping center. This shopping center is located in the canyon rim. This canyon rim has been important the people for many years. We come to the area to walk, what bass jumpers, and enjoy the scenic views. This new shopping center took away this area. Many of the people
Of all political philosophies conceived, Communism has had some of the most controversial events in human history come as an effect of this belief. Originally conceived by Karl Marx, nineteenth century political analyst who originally brought the ideas of communism into fruition. At the core of our human nature, Marx believed that we strive to create, and therefore enjoy labor if they find meaning in their jobs. However, Marx found that in our current capitalist system, there are few meaningful jobs, especially jobs for the lower classes. Also, Marx observed that there is a great divide in the lifestyles of the upper class and the lower class, which leads oppression from the upper class directed to the lower classes.Therefore, Marx felt that our current capitalist system would surely fail and make way for a communist revolution. To summarize, Marx believed that the steps to attain this perfect society must follow start with a system filled with meaningless work, until a violent revolution is incited at the hands of the working class, and the revolution would end with the classes, both upper and working, working a system which harmonizes all workers. This ideal system Marx predicted is the basis of the ideal communist society, in which he labor of both people are equal. Many have sacrificed much for the sake of this ideal since the foundation of his philosophy, and a version of this revolution can be seen in the Fritz Lang silent film Metropolis. This groundbreaking 1927 silent film demonstrates a futuristic utopia with a great class divide, and how a great revolution seeks to destroy this gap and create a true metropolis.
Generally, this chapter discussed about examination of three planning theory approaches which is the communicative model, the new urbanism and just city. Each approaches has different planning applicable as well as its strength and weakness. The communicative model is an approaches which highlighted the role of town planner as a medium to negotiate and persuade stakeholder regarding to planning matter. Next, the approaches of new urbanism is more focused on design and build physical features in planning urban development. Last but not least, the just city approaches concern to seek equality distribution of planning benefits toward private sector, government and society.
The Forbidden City is an architectural amazement built between the years 1406 to 1420 because an emporer form the Ming Dynasty orderd it to be built. The Forbidden City was home to twenty-four emperors, fourteen emperors from the Ming dynasty and ten from the Qin dynasty. This palace is the biggest ancient place with nine hundred eighty buildings covering approximately one hundred eighty acres. The Forbidden City is actually a palace for the emperor, his family, his court, and his servants and soldiers. Not a single ordinary person was ever allowed inside the palace complex thus the name, Forbidden City. This palace was built about six-hundred years ago. Twenty-six foot high walls and a hundred foot moat were built surrounding the Forbidden
Items displayed in museums hold historical significance and are representative of society’s culture. Preserving valuable collections for education and enjoyment is a primary role of museums. While fulfilling this role, the architecture of the museum is also an important factor. Historical buildings are converted into museums and architects must consider the use of the space and the museum’s purpose during their initial design. Other museums are built with a clear purpose in mind. As museums are designed, many characteristics are determined. Display and storage spaces as well as visitor services impacts museum’s functionality. Based on the function of a museum, architectural requirements are different.
What we know today as The City Beautiful Movement originated back in 1893 at the Worlds’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Which was originally a 400th year anniversary of the landing of one Christopher Columbus in America. The exposition was held from May 1, 1893 until October 30th, 1893. They layout of the exposition itself was designed by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted. Burnham was an American born architect and urban designer.Olmsted was a landscape architect. Journalist, and public administrator. The exposition was to them a layout of what they believed a city's should be. Artist and musicians were all featured in the exhibits which covered more than 600 acres. More then 27 million people attended the exposition form over 44
Green belt have a series of significant purposes or functions for improving the life quality of humans. For natural environmental aspect, it could protect natural environment, and, to some extent, improve air quality of urban areas. In addition, protecting habitats for wild animals is another function. Green belt provides open space for urban population to access to fresh air. For planning aspect, it is helpful to prevent urban sprawl. Furthermore, the unique character of urban areas, such as the historic towns, could be kept by setting up a green belt. And rural areas are separated from urban areas by green belt. It is aimed at preventing neighbouring towns merging into one another as well (Naturenet, 2007).
In Ernest W. Burgess’s “The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project,” (1925), the author delves deep into the processes that go into the construction of a modern city or urban environment. Burgess lists its following qualities: skyscrapers, the department store, the newspaper, shopping malls, etc. (p. 154). Burgess also includes social work as being part of a modern urban environment. This is supported by his construction model based on concentric circles that divided Chicago into five zones. The first was called a center loop meant for a business district. Secondly, there was an area for business and light manufacture. Third, there was a “zone for working men’s homes” (p. 156). The fourth is the residential area of high-class apartment buildings. The fifth is where suburban houses are located.
Urbanization has to deal with the construction of new modernized construction and the use of technology, in total it means advancing from the local to make modernized place and an industrial site. Also it includes the construction of infrastructural buildings, infrastructural buildings are buildings that are constructed for the betterment of the country for the people it includes hospital, schools, bridges, water supplies and different other buildings. Most of the land were covered by the trees, and they only few people living there, in order to develop a modernized place, or an urbanized place, construction needs to be made. In the determination of making an urbanized place where factories and all could be done, practice such as deforestation is done. Lands that were filled with tees are then cutting in order to satisfy the project of urbanization. The urbanized places are still developing which increases the rate of
The City of Jakarta is a lowland area with an average altitude of ±7 meters above sea level. It has a coast that stretches in the north from west to east faces the Java Sea. The Capital Territory has more than 110 islands and there are about 27 rivers/waterways/canals that are used as sources of drinking water, fisheries and urban businesses. The city is prone to many natural hazards, in this case, a risk-based land use planning is necessary.
The governments should consider about the sustainable development. First of all, to prevent the huge pollution problems, government should hire more cleaners to clean the destination, by the way, they can also appeal to the tourists not to make too much rubbish by using slogans or advertisements. Slogans and advertisements can easily cause the tourists’ public spirit and make them be more politely. Secondly, government can making advertising videos to attract tourists come to the destination. It can be actualized by combining with other types of tourism. For example, when develop the tourist attractions, restaurants and bars can be built nearby, and in the promotions, the delicious food and wine, high-quality restaurants and bars can all be recommended. Food and wine can be a considerable factor when the tourists select their destination, but it is hard for them to find some good place to eat. Making advertising videos with food and wine or make apps that can recommend tasty local food are good ways to motivate tourists. Thirdly, the restaurants and bars themselves should improve their own qualities and provide perfect service and products for their consumers. For example, the tourism department of government can launch some cultivate courses for the staffs so that they can learn how to make consumers feel good and even want to come back to the destination again. In the meantime, from
By combining plans, sections, diagrams, perspectives and other architectural drawing with artist renderings designers will be able to educate the public in a more meaningful way. By adding artistic visuals landscape architects will create a connection to the public thus communicating a design more effectively. Visual communication is very important to landscape architecture; it has more power than just a means to build a project. It not only can persuade clients, but also visual communication has the power to educate the public about landscape architecture. To do this representation must find a way to change a viewer’s perspective. Art is one way to get into the minds of the public. Through art and representation landscape architects can teach the public about outdoor spaces. Graphic visuals most both have an informational base as well as have experiential, emotional, and expressive content. With combination of these ideas through art a landscape architect has a greater power to reach and educate the public
A city has to be beautiful, though the definition of “beauty” is so vague. The beauty can be physical, such as enjoyable parks, streetscapes, architectural facades, the sky fragment through freeways and trees; or it can be the beauty of livelihood, people, and history. As landscape architects, we are creating beautiful things or turning the unpleasant memorial.
If there are more people, more, density, and a good mixture of uses, it will be a safer city... You cannot find a single city that does not wish to make the city center more vibrant or livelier.” This quote from Jan Gehl, the principal of Gehl Architects, illustrates the importance of having a sustainable city. The Central Park project has showcased to the world on how the landscape we design or occupy, can affect our daily activities and surrounding neighborhood. It sets an example of how design must be appreciated as a crucial factor in sustainability and emphasized on the fact the connection of people and nature should not be ignored. All in all, landscape architects are the ones to determine the physical characteristics of the public realm environment, to decide whether a city is attractive to people and whether people will choose to live in the city in the long
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.