The significance of Genetic Diversity is important as it helps in maintaining the gene pool. An individual or a whole population's ability to tolerate stress from any given environmental factor is defined by the huge variety of gene sets. Genetic Diversity and mutation: Mutations are defined as changes in the genetic sequence. Mutations are main cause of diversity among organisms. Because these changes occur at many different levels, and they can cause widely differing consequences.
Another definition is “the variability among living organisms on the earth, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems” (Biological Diversity, n.d.). There are at least two levels at which biodiversity has been identified as: genetic diversity and ecological diversity. Genetic diversity is where we can best see the development and changes in diversity. This includes the various types of genes that are accessible for set members of a species. This can include a family, a population, a region, or the entire species.
BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is made up of two words that is biological and diversity. Biological word is related to life and diversity is linked with variations or changes. In simple terms, we can say that biodiversity means the variations in life. Biodiversity is defined as whole life that exists on earth planet including animals , plants, fungi and micro-organisms as well as the associations among them including their eco-system (IUCN, 2010). Classification of biodiversity The biodiversity can be of following types (Ontario Biodiversity Council, 2011):- 1.Genetic Biodiversity:- It includes variability occur between the genes among the different species.
Biology is the science of living systems. It is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring knowledge of the physical sciences and mathematics, although specialities may be oriented toward a group of organisms or a level of organization. BOTANY is concerned with plant life, ZOOLOGY with animal life, algology with ALGAE, MYCOLOGY with fungi, MICROBIOLOGY with microorganisms such as protozoa and bacteria, CYTOLOGY with CELLS, and so on. All biological specialties, however, are concerned with life and its characteristics. These characteristics include cellular organization, METABOLISM, response to stimuli, development and growth, and reproduction.
To determine which model should be implemented universally the strengths and limitations of each model must be thoroughly evaluated. Moreove... ... middle of paper ... ...ange of life that exists today. The taxonomic system has evolved over time, from Aristotle’s basic plant and animal system to Linnaeus binomial system showcasing how technology has revolutionised it, identifies new organisms and reclassifies others. Other systems were identified over time including Theophrastus’ plant classification key, the three, four, five and six kingdom systems as well as cladistic analysis, phenetics and evolutionary systematics. It has been emphasised that a universal system must be implemented to help avoid confusion between scientists and organise research efficiently.
It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four DNA bases – thiamine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine– in the strand of DNA (NHGRI, 2011). In each organism, these bases are arranged in a unique and specific sequence, and it is this sequence that is the genetic code of the organism. Genomic sequencing has had an impact on nearly every field of biological research including human genetics and genomics, plants and agriculture, microbes, medicine, viruses and infectious diseases, environmental genetics and evolutionary biology. By first examining the development of gene sequencing technology we will be able to view its role in evolutionary biology, its contribution to phylogenetics, and how it has changed our understanding of the biological tree of life. Development of gene sequencing technology The majority of scientific work in genetics and genomic sequencing has been done in the last 155 years.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Diversity concept can be defined by refers to variety of living organisms in a particular area (Statistica, 2013). Since diversity involves many living organisms and include different species, thus it may be very complex. There are two significant divisions within the scope of diversity which are species diversity and habitat diversity (Mumby, 2001). Both represent structural complexity of environments. In order to reduce complexity of ecological system, ecological diversity concept can be used, through diversity indices.
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT ON BIODIVERSITY, VALUES,THREATS AND CONSERAVTION BY: K.S Mayur Shastri 15BCE058 BATCH-08 INDEX Bibliography and acknowledgements What is Biodiversity? The term biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it. Biodiversity includes not only species we consider rare, threatened, or endangered, but every living thing — even organisms we still know little about, such as microbes, fungi, and invertebrates. Biodiversity is important everywhere; species and habitats in your area as well
While navigating around these different environmental sites, he collected detailed information of organisms and acquired several of the actual species themselves. After collecting endless amounts of data he began to notice certain patterns among these organisms. Some shared behaviors, others shared physical traits, and others were the same species but lived in different places. He tried to explain this biological variety and soon enough theorized that ALL the organisms on earth had evolved from earlier ancestors. He noted three distinctive key patterns that indicated that his theory was true.
However, it certainly indicates that the microorganisms studied are genomes or virtual taxa, using metagenomics method. Studies of rhizosphere microbiome present a holistic view of diversity and interaction across the habitat. Consistent with the terminology used for microorganisms colonizing the human body the collective communities of plant-associated microorganisms are referred to as the plant microbiome or as the plants’ other genome (Qin et al., 2010). In this context, plants are viewed as ‘superorganisms’ which is partly dependent on their microbiome for specific functions and traits. This includes all plant associated microbe habitats such as rhizosphere, spermosphere (seed surface), phyllosphere (leaf surface), and the stem microbiome.