Flooding
Flooding is excess flows exceeding the transporting capacity the drainage system, river channel and other water transporting system, where by water inundates outside areas. Climate scientists are typically focused on trends in magnitudes of precipitation and flooding, engineers may be more concerned with changes in the number of execedances (Bonnin et al., 2001). Flooding is a result of heavy extreme events of rainfall, climate changes extreme events and much water in the new place unusual occurrence of water on land overflow in an area impacts on infrastructure. Extreme events induced by global climate change, such as more persistent rainfall leading to flooding or more intense tropical storms, cause threatening risks to transportation
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The flooding risk probability, hazard of extent, vulnerability of adverse effect and its consequences are a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability (IPCC, 2012; UNISDR, 2011). Risk is consequences depend on what is exposed the area to the hazard and how much it is vulnerable to its damage (Fedesk et al., 2007) (UNISDR, 2011). The frequency, magnitude and severity of flooding are increasing in many parts of the world associated with population pressure, urbanization and climate change (Hirabayashi et al., 2013;Jongman et al., 2014). The global population at risk of flooding expected to rise with temperature (Hirabayashi and Kanae, 2009). Flooding is one of the most frequent and destructive environmental hazards that occur annually worldwide (United Nations International strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR, …show more content…
Population socioeconomic development increases factors, such as more development in exposed areas, climate change is expected to exacerbate these impacts (IPCC, 2012, 2014).Climate change and increasing urbanization are both projected to result in an increase in surface water flood events and their associated damages in the future.
Population growth, increases in wealth, and accumulation of assets in areas at risk from natural hazards have been found to be the main underlying reasons up to now for increasing losses from natural disasters (Crompton and McAneney, 2008; Pielke et al., 2008). Under the ongoing socioeconomic change, natural hazard risk is likely to increase independent from climate change (Bouwer et al., 2007; Feyen et al., 2009). In general, losses and damage from natural disasters around the world have been increasing more rapidly than general economic growth, owing to the rapid development of population and assets in large urban areas in at risk areas (Bouwer et al.,
Floods can be a very dangerous natural disaster because a flood has the power to move cars, buildings, and cause massive damage to life and property. Even the small floods that are only 30 centimetres or so can do massive damage to houses and if the
A major flood on any river is both a long-term and a short-term event, particularly any river basin where human influence has exerted "control" over the ri...
In the binational area of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez flooding has become a way of life due to the scarcity of rain and desert climate. Fortunately, meteorologist, geologist and city planners are continuously working to improve city prior to a storm in order to mitigate any financial hardships during and after a flood. The city has to take in account past events in order to improve infrastructure. They also rely on meteorologist to study how the weather is reacting so they can anticipate the next system and how it will hit this region. The primary expert that contributes to this vital research are the Geologist, who have brought to light the cause and effects during drastic climate events. In this report, it will document infrastructure affects, stormwater management, Climate Whiplash and thoughts from the geologist on the desert-flood relationship.
Currently, over half of the world’s population lives in urban based areas (Owrangi et al, 2014), and this increase in population is expected to contribute to further increases in flood risks (ibid). Vancouver has achieved rapid socioeconomic development due to the increased employment opportunities and growth rates, directly stressing local natural resources by increasing population and urbanization (Owrangi et al, 2014).
Due to the change in climate, natural disasters take place taking away lives of the people. For example, The Nepal earthquake which took place on 25th April, 2015 which killed over 8000 people and injured more than 21000 people.
Michener, William K. and Haeuber, Richard A., Bioscience. American Institute of Biological Science. Sep98. Vol. 48. Issue 9. p677.
Rygel, L., O’Sullivan, D., and Yarnal, B. (2006). A Method for Constructing a Social Vulnerability Index: An Application to Hurricane Storm Surges in a Developed Country. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 11, 741-764. DOI: 10.1007/s11027-006-0265-6. http://www.cara.psu.edu/about/publications/Rygel_et_al_MASGC.pdf.
Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10 and 25 cm globally over the past 100 years. In addition, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected a sea-level rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea-level rise will also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream salinity intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish water wetlands. Sea-level rise has the potential for increasing the severity of storm surges, particularly in areas where coastal habitats and barrier shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These direct consequences of global- and regional-scale changes will increase the vulnerability of coastal wetlands which are already heavily impacted by human activities.
Many scientific studies also show increases in the intensity, duration, and extent of droughts, higher atmospheric temperatures, warmer sea surface temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and diminishing glaciers and snowpack. The bottom line is that causes of climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions, will have to be minimized if people want to do as much as possible to solve the water crisis. Works Cited Water demand management: the case of Zaragoza, Spain Web 25 Nov. 2014. http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/swm_cities_zaragoza_2010/pdf/final_report_swm_cities.pdf.
Therefore any change in the earth’s temperature that causes the level of the oceans to rise would seriously affect the flooding of the delta area of Bangladesh. A fifth to a third of the country is annually flooded by the river Ganges and there are many factors both human and physical which encourage the river Ganges and Brahmaputra to overflow its river banks. The obvious physical cause of flooding in Bangladesh is that about 90% of the land is below sea level, therefore any changes in the sea level would cause serious problems for Bangladesh. Another physical cause includes the snow melting in the Himalayas, caused by global warming. The Himalayas are one of the few places in the world that retain permanent glaciers.
Climate change is an inevitable phenomenon that is being experienced globally in various forms, such as temperature rise. Sea level rise, droughts, floods, hurricanes, landslides, etc. According to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC project, even with immediate implementation of mitigation strategies, global climate change will continue for decades. Climate change is inflicting serious consequences on human wellbeing and will continue to inflict damage in the future. It is estimated that global temperature will rise by 1.8 oC - 4.0 oC by the end of the 21st century (Izaurraade, 2009).
A Study of the Changes in Natural Disasters due to the Effects of Climate Change in the Republic of the Philippines
One of the major effects of global warming is the rise of sea level due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to the melting of land ice. Now there are dozens of land areas that sit well below sea level and the majority of those land areas are very well populated. At least 40 percent of the world 's population lives within 62 miles of the ocean, putting millions of lives and billions of dollars ' worth of property and infrastructure at risk. (Juliet Christian-Smith, 2011) This means if the sea level rises to the projected level of 25 meters (82 feet) half of the world will retreat back to the ocean. (Rohrer, 2007) Also rising sea levels means higher tides and storm surges riding on ever-higher seas which are more dangerous to people and coastal inf...
The least violent type of natural disasters is the flood; it is one of the most frequent hazards. A flood can affect local areas or a very large area affecting entire river deltas. Not all foods are alike, some of them develop slowly over a period days and some of them occur in a matter of minutes. The floods that develop quickly are known as flash floods; flash floods have a dangerous wall of thunderous water that carries rocks, mud and other different debris. If you live in a low-lying area near water you more prone to flooding, the smallest streams, gullies, creeks, and streambeds can cause a flood. Floods are often not a common thought when you think of a natural disaster, but they can be fatal, destroy homes, businesses, and roads, happen when you least expect, and happen when you are not prepared (FEMA:Flood). An extreme example of this type of natural disaster is the flood in eastern Australia last month; the flood, which lasted for weeks, caused thirty dea...
It occurs due to several factors; the industrial waste dumped into the rivers and other water body’s cause an imbalance in the water leading to its severe contamination and deaths. And the infamous global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, that is leading to global warming. Every other day new industries are being set up, new vehicles on roads and trees are being cut to make way for new homes. All of them, in an indirect way, lead to an increase in CO2. This leads to melting of polar ice caps which increase the sea level and pose danger for the people living near coastal areas.